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BNC: 1955 COCA: 2945

ill

Word family 
ldoce_723_zill1 /ɪl/ ●●● S3 W2 adjectiveadj  
1  especially British EnglishBrEILL suffering from a disease or not feeling well 有病的；不适的 SYN American English sick
 Bridget can’t come – she’s ill.
布里奇特不能来了，她生病了。
 I was feeling ill that day and decided to stay at home.
我那天不太舒服，决定留在家里。
ill with
 Her husband has been ill with bladder trouble.
她丈夫膀胱有毛病，身体一直不好。
 a hospice for the terminally ill
晚期病人的安养院
2  [only before noun]HARM/BE BAD FOR bad or harmful 坏的；有害的
 Many people consumed the poisoned oil without ill effects.
很多人食用了这种有毒的油，但没有出现不良反应。
 the neglect and ill treatment of children
忽视和虐待儿童
 He was unable to join the army because of ill health.
他因为身体不好没法参军。
3  ill at ease NERVOUSnervous, uncomfortable, or embarrassed 紧张；不自在；窘迫
 He always felt shy and ill at ease at parties.
他参加聚会总有害羞和不自在的感觉。
Examples from the Corpus
ill at ease• He is extremely ill at ease.• The thought of confinement can make me ill at ease.• And all of this is inevitable, for Utopians are ill at ease at the sharp end of politics.• He looked about him, for once strangely ill at ease, disconcerted to learn that she had ridden off ahead of him.• They looked ill at ease in the same camera frame.• If people are already ill at ease in unfamiliar surroundings the order of service becomes another pressure.• By the way, most women are very ill at ease when you call them out from the jury pool.• Nevertheless, their formality sits ill at ease with Esau's spontaneous show of love.
4. it’s an ill wind (that blows nobody any good) spokenADVANTAGE used to say that every problem brings an advantage for someone 没有绝对的坏事〔指任何坏事都会使某些人获益〕
→ ill feeling, ill will
 COLLOCATIONS
verbs
be ill 生病
What’s wrong? Are you ill?
怎么了？你不舒服？
feel ill 感觉不适
I’ve been feeling ill since I woke up this morning.
我今天早晨醒来后就感觉不适。
look ill 看上去有病
He looked rather ill when I saw him.
我看到他时他好像身体很不舒服。
become ill (also get ill informal) 生病
She became ill after eating oysters.
她食用牡蛎后就生病了。
fall ill formal (=become ill) 生病
Louise fell ill while she was on holiday.
路易丝度假时病了。
be taken ill (=become ill suddenly) 突然生病
Henry was suddenly taken ill and had to go to the hospital.
亨利突然病了，只得去了医院。
make somebody ill 令某人不适
I think it was the heat that made me ill.
我想是高温使我不舒服。
adverbs
seriously ill (=very ill) 病重的
Any seriously ill patients are usually sent to a state hospital.
重病患者一般都被送到州立医院。
gravely ill formal (=extremely ill) 病得很重的
She went to visit her grandfather, who was gravely ill.
她去看望病重的祖父。
critically ill (=so ill that you might die) 病危的
He got news that his mother was critically ill in hospital.
他得到消息说母亲在医院病危。
terminally ill (=having a very serious illness that you will die from) 身患绝症的
nHe is terminally ill with cancer.
chronically ill (=having a long-term illness that cannot be cured and will not get better) 患慢性病的
nChronically ill patients often find it difficult to get travel insurance.
mentally ill (=having an illness of your mind) 患精神病的
nCaring for mentally ill people can be challenging.
 THESAURUS
ill [not before noun] especially British EnglishBrE suffering from a disease or not feeling well 生病的；不适的
Her mother is seriously ill in hospital.
她母亲病重住院。
I woke up feeling really ill.
我醒来后感到很不舒服。
sick especially American EnglishAmE ill 生病的；感到不适的
She’s been sick with the flu.
她患了流感。
a sick child
生病的小孩
Dan got sick on vacation.
丹在度假时生病了。
not very well [not before noun] ill, but not seriously ill 身体不适
Sarah’s not very well – she has a throat infection.
萨拉身体有恙，她喉部感染。
unwell [not before noun] formal ill 生病的
The singer had been unwell for some time.
这个歌手身体抱恙有一段时间了。
nSymptoms include fever, aching muscles, and feeling generally unwell.
poorly [not before noun] British EnglishBrE spoken ill 身体不舒服的
Your grandmother’s been very poorly lately.
你祖母近来身体很不好。
in a bad way [not before noun] very ill because of a serious injury or disease 受重伤；患重病
You’d better call an ambulance – she looks like she’s in a bad way.
你最好打电话叫救护车，她看上去病得很重。
be off sick British EnglishBrE, be out sick American EnglishAmE to be not at work because of an illness 因病缺勤
Two teachers were off sick yesterday.
昨天有两名教师生病没来上课。
slightly ill 有点不舒服的，稍感不适的
under the weather (also off colour British EnglishBrE) [not before noun] informal slightly ill 身体不适
Sorry I haven’t called you – I’ve been a bit under the weather lately.
抱歉我没给你打电话，最近我身体不太舒服。
You look a bit off colour – are you sure you’re OK?
你看上去不大舒服，你肯定自己没事吗？
run down [not before noun] feeling slightly ill and tired all the time, for example because you have been working too hard, or not eating well 〔因工作太累、饮食不好等〕感到疲惫的，感到虚弱的
Some people take extra vitamins if they are feeling run down.
有些人感到疲惫时就会补充些维生素。
often ill 经常生病的
in poor health unhealthy and often ill 健康状况不佳
Chopin was already in poor health when he arrived on the island.
肖邦抵达岛上时健康状况已经很差了。
delicate weak and likely to become ill easily 身体虚弱的，体弱多病的
She was delicate and pale and frequently complained of headaches.
她身体虚弱，脸色苍白，常常说自己头痛。
He had a delicate constitution and throughout his adult life suffered from various illnesses.
他体质虚弱，成年后百病缠身。
sickly a sickly child is often ill 〔小孩〕多病的，体弱的
He was a sickly child and spent a lot of time at home on his own.
他是个体弱多病的孩子，很多时候都是独自一人在家度过。
nHis younger daughter was sickly and died when she was young.
5 FREQUENCY 使用频率
Examples from the Corpus
ill• The baby caught a virus and became critically ill.• Her makeup so unbelievably dramatic, so abnormal, she looked mentally ill.• Apparently Don's wife is seriously ill, and they think it might be cancer.• All that week, Catherine lay ill, drifting in and out of consciousness.• One civil servant has retired on ill health grounds and two downgraded.• Mentally ill patients have the same rights as anyone else.• psychological support for terminally ill patients• I felt helpless and despairing and suddenly so ill that I had to clutch at the door to stop myself falling.• Mel was so ill that she had to stay in bed for a month.
ill effects• On the other hand, there are ill effects:.• The birds that ate the new weights showed no ill effects.• These plants, part or all of which may cause ill effects, can all be found in this country.• Moceanu, showing no ill effects from the injury that threatened to keep her out of the Olympics, was efficient throughout.• The patient seems to be suffering no ill effects from the treatments.• For the ill effects of bruises and other mechanical trauma, after Arnica.• Academics whose research found ill effects of divorce on kids faced chilly receptions.• The nuclear industry, for its part, does not seem to enjoy publicising the ill effects of radiation in any form.• Brownell did pioneering research on the ill effects of yo-yo dieting.
ill2 adverbadv  
1  somebody can ill afford (to do) something HARM/BE BAD FORto be unable to do or have something without making the situation you are in very difficult 某人难以承担(做)某事的后果
 I was losing weight which I could ill afford to lose.
我的体重在减轻，我已轻得不能再轻了。
 Most gamblers can ill afford their habit.
大多数赌徒都承担不起赌博这个恶习所带来的后果。
Examples from the Corpus
somebody can ill afford (to do) something• Often it is something they can ill afford.• Surely it would be a drain on Party resources that it can ill afford.• The senator can ill afford another scandal.• If land is not suitable for efficient farming, we can ill afford it being used for inefficient agriculture.• There may be no alternative to leave of absence, even though the nurse can ill afford the loss of income.• Many of them are in fact very poor and can ill afford their habit.• Sotheby's can ill afford to have its auction prices called into question.• Yet it is an area which practitioners can ill afford to ignore.• It does not make sense to squander important resources that the nation can ill afford to lose.
2  think/speak ill of somebody formalUNPLEASANT to think or say unpleasant things about someone 对某人抱有恶感/说某人坏话
 She really believes you should never speak ill of the dead.
她的确认为绝不该说死者的坏话。
Examples from the Corpus
think/speak ill of somebody• You wish to think all the world respectable, and are hurt if I speak ill of any body.• But she never speaks ill of anyone.• The candidates clearly did not want to speak ill of each other during the campaign.• He spoke ill of me to his friends.• I know speaking ill of the dead and all that.• The Newleys' acquaintances spoke well of the dead in order to think ill of the living.• Surely it is better to speak ill of the dead than of the living.
3  bode ill formal to give you a reason to think that something bad will happen 是不好的预兆
 The look on his face boded ill for somebody.
他的脸色对某人来说是不好的兆头。
Examples from the Corpus
bode ill• Such ruthless distrust, she thought, boded ill.• A restrained virility that boded ill for anyone so incredibly foolish as to even think of challenging his authority.• The coincidence with union action boded ill for the survey; response rates to the questionnaire seemed likely to be very low.• This animosity boded ill for their future cooperation in East Prussia.• It bodes ill that Mr Major, two-and-a-half years into office, still feels on trial.
Examples from the Corpus
ill• The Crolgarian police are ill equipped for an investigation of this kind.• If so, it seems ill mannered at best.• We were ill-prepared to camp out in the snow.• The animals had been ill-treated by their owner.
ill3 noun  
1  ills [plural]PROBLEM problems and difficulties 问题；困难
 He wants to cure all the ills of the world.
他想消除世上所有的弊病。
Examples from the Corpus
ills• Voters are looking for fresh solutions to the nation's ills.
2  [uncountableU] formalHARM/BE BAD FOR harm, evil, or bad luck 伤害；邪恶；厄运
 She did not like Matthew but she would never wish him ill.
她不喜欢马修，但也绝不希望他倒霉。
Examples from the Corpus
ill• Tuesday's game had to be cancelled because of illness.• Even though I don't agree with him, I do not wish Baxter any ill.• That was the rich man's panacea for the litany of ills of the poor.• The Deputy Governor of Bullwood provided a comprehensive analysis of the system's ills before the Sub-Committee.• In the book, Godwin eloquently describes in words and photographs the ills our land is prey to.
ill- /ɪl/ prefix 
badly or not enough 坏；不足
 ill-concealed boredom
不加掩饰的厌烦
 ill-formed sentences
结构不好的句子
Origin ill1
(1100-1200) Old Norse illr
ill1 adjectiveadj →COLLOCATIONS1 →THESAURUS1
→5 FREQUENCY1ill2 adverbadvill3 nounill- prefix
LDOCE Online
Chinese
Corpus
BNC: 1955 COCA: 2945
ill

adjective

 (especially BrE)  ➡ see also sick VERBS | ADVERB | PREPOSITION VERBS➤appear, be, feel, look, seem看似生病了；有病；感覺不適；看起來病了；似乎病了➤lie卧病◇He was lying ill in bed.他卧病在牀。➤become, be taken, fall, get, grow生病；染病；病倒➤remain仍然病着▸➤make sb令某人不適◇I can't eat bananas. They make me ill. (especially BrE) 我不能吃香蕉，吃了就難受。◇That type of government corruption makes me ill.especially NAmE) (figurative, 那種類型的政府腐敗令我反感。ADVERB➤critically, dangerously, desperately, extremely, gravely, really, seriously, severely, terribly, very病情危急；病情危險；病得奄奄一息；病情嚴重◇His mother is seriously ill in the hospital.他母親住院了，病情嚴重。➤almost幾乎病倒◇Robyn was almost ill with excitement and outrage.羅賓因為激動和憤怒差點兒病倒。➤pretty, quite, rather, slightly病得不輕；略有不適▸➤genuinely確實病了▸➤violently身患重病◇She was taken violently ill and had to be put to bed.她突發重病，不得不卧牀休息。➤acutely患急性病▸➤chronically患慢性病◇chronically ill patients慢性病患者➤fatally, incurably, mortally, terminally病情致命；病情無法醫治；病入膏肓；身患絕症◇a hospice for the terminally ill臨終病人安養院➤mentally, physically精神上／身體上患病◇the problems faced by mentally ill people精神病人面臨的問題PREPOSITION➤with患⋯病◇He fell ill with cholera in 1849.他於 1849 年罹患霍亂。➤from因為⋯生病◇They arrive at the hospital ill from malnutrition.他們由於營養不良而生病住進了醫院。
BNC: 1955 COCA: 2945
ill noun
⇨ harmful (ill health/effects/will) ⇨ sick 1 (seriously ill)
BNC: 1955 COCA: 2945
ill
Feeling and being unhealthy or ill: ill, frail, unfit...
Dangerous or harmful: dangerous, harmful, disastrous...
Bad or of a low quality: sad, poor, terribly...
General problems and difficulties: problem, difficulty, trouble...
Destruction and damage: damage, destruction, harm...

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