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IELTS BNC: 1282 COCA: 1666

conclusion

Word family 
con·clu·sion /kənˈkluːʒən/ ●●○ S3 W2 AWL noun
1  [countableC]DECIDE something you decide after considering all the information you have 結論 → conclude
These are the report’s main conclusions.
這些就是這篇報告的主要結論。
conclusion (that)
I soon came to the conclusion that she was lying.
我很快就得出了她在撒謊的結論。
It is still too early to reach a conclusion on this point.
在這一點上作出結論還爲時過早。
There are perhaps two main conclusions to be drawn from the above discussion.
從以上的討論也許可以得出兩個主要的結論。
All the evidence pointed to the conclusion that he was guilty.
所有證據都表明他是有罪的。
It’s important not to jump to conclusions.
決不要貿然下結論。
The police came to the inescapable conclusion that the children had been murdered.
警方得出了無法回避的結論: 這些兒童被謀殺了。
2  [countableC] formalEND the end or final part of something 結尾，末尾 SYN end
conclusion of
At the conclusion of the meeting, little progress had been made.
會議開到最後，沒有取得多少進展。
3  in conclusion FINISH DOING somethingused in a piece of writing or a speech to show that you are about to finish what you are saying 最後〔用於文章或講話的末尾，表示即將結束〕 SYN finally
In conclusion, I would like to say how much I have enjoyed myself today.
最後，我想說我今天很開心。
n Grammar
You say:
In conclusion, education reinforces democracy.
✗Don’t say: As a conclusion ... | As conclusion ...
Examples from the Corpus
in conclusion• In conclusion, I want to thank all the people who have volunteered their time to our organization.
4  [uncountableU]AGREE the final arrangement of an agreement, a business deal etc 〔條約、貿易協定等的〕締結，簽訂
conclusion of
the conclusion of a peace treaty
和平條約的簽訂
5  be a foregone conclusion CERTAINLY/DEFINITELYto be certain to happen, even though it has not yet officially happened 是明擺着的結果
The outcome of the battle was a foregone conclusion.
戰鬥的結果早在預料之中。
Examples from the Corpus
be a foregone conclusion• Ian's bound to get the job -- it's a foregone conclusion.• It seemed like a foregone conclusion that Tiger Woods would win the tournament.• But the outcome of the battle was a foregone conclusion.• The outcome of the battle was a foregone conclusion.• Some commentators and businessmen have suggested that the successful privatization of the National Freight Corporation was a foregone conclusion.• The last three elections were all foregone conclusions.• For three more years, Masada continued to hold out, but its fall was a foregone conclusion.• They never had to plan their shared parenting; it was a foregone conclusion.• It is a foregone conclusion that the homosexual laws will not be reformed yet.• The result was a foregone conclusion.• But none of these is a foregone conclusion.• Do not be deterred from exercising your right of appeal by the belief that the outcome will be a foregone conclusion.
n COLLOCATIONS
verbs
come to/arrive at/reach a conclusion (=decide something)
I eventually came to the conclusion that I wanted to study law.
draw a conclusion (=decide something from what you learn or see)
We tried not to draw any conclusions too early in the investigation.
jump to/leap to conclusions (=decide something is true without knowing all the facts, especially when you are wrong)
Everyone jumped to the conclusion that we would get married.
lead to/point to a conclusion (=make you decide that something is true)
All the data led to only one conclusion.
support a conclusion (=suggest that something is true)
The evidence supports the conclusion that his death was an accident.
adjectives
an obvious conclusion
All her symptoms led to the obvious conclusion – she was pregnant.
the wrong conclusion
Reporters saw the couple together and leapt to the wrong conclusion.
the right/correct conclusion
I am sure that you came to the right conclusion.
the opposite conclusion
A lot of scientific evidence supports the opposite conclusion.
the inescapable/inevitable conclusion (=one that is very obvious, although you may not like it)
The inescapable conclusion was that the country needed a change of leadership.
the logical conclusion (=one that makes sense when you think about it carefully)
The logical conclusion is that short commercials are just as effective as longer ones.
a firm conclusion (=definite decision)
At the end of the day, no firm conclusion had been reached.
a surprising/startling conclusion
After years of research, he reached a startling conclusion.
a hasty conclusion (=one that you reach too quickly, so that you are probably wrong)
Researchers must beware of drawing hasty conclusions.
 THESAURUS
conclusion something you decide after considering all the information you have 〔綜合所有信息得出的〕結論
Doctors failed to reach a conclusion on the exact cause of death.
醫生未能就確切的死因得出結論。
The report’s main conclusion was that global warming was a serious threat.
這篇報告的主要結論是，全球變暖是一個嚴重的威脅。
findings the information that someone has discovered as a result of their study, work etc 〔調查、研究等的〕結果，結論
Surveys conducted in other countries reported similar findings.
在其他國家進行的調查也得出了同樣的結果。
result the answers that are provided by a scientific study or test 〔科學研究或化驗得出的〕結果
Have you had the result of your blood test yet?
你的驗血結果拿到了嗎？
Examples from the Corpus
conclusion• The talks are aimed at bringing the dispute to a conclusion.• He or she is aware that logically derived conclusions have a validity independent of factual truth.• Introducing the changes has been a long process, and it's still nowhere near its conclusion.• Therefore, a tribunal or inferior court acts ultravires if it reaches its conclusion on a basis erroneous under the general law.• Consciousness, without any further necessary conclusions, is the only fact of which consciousness can be absolutely certain.• Once she'd met Janice and come to some conclusion, then she would know what she had to do next.• At the conclusion of the book, the reader is still not certain whether Markham is guilty or not.• At the conclusion of the trial, the jury returned with a verdict of guilty.• I thought about this and came to the conclusion that it seemed a very good philosophy.• That was the conclusion of a General Accounting Office report in 1992 on fraud in the health care system.• The conclusion, ergo sum, is not entailed.• However, several caveats need to be attached to this conclusion.• There was complete silence in the room as the play came to its tragic conclusion.
inescapable conclusion• For those with limited experience of overseas Test matches, especially in the subcontinent, this is the inescapable conclusion.• Is the inescapable conclusion, therefore, that the régime finds itself between the devil and the deep blue sea?• The inescapable conclusion was that people were continually managing to think it up for themselves.
conclusion of• Lucy was given a standing ovation at the conclusion of her speech.
Origin conclusion
(1300-1400) French Latin conclusio, from concludere; → CONCLUDE
IELTS BNC: 1282 COCA: 1666
conclusion

noun¹

 1opinion reached after considering the facts結論ADJECTIVE | VERB + CONCLUSION ADJECTIVE➤correct正確的結論▸➤logical, reasonable, valid合乎邏輯的／合理的／有根據的結論▸➤inescapable, inevitable, obvious不可避免的／必然的／明顯的結論➤definite, definitive, firm明確的／最後的／確定的結論◇It is difficult to draw any firm conclusions at such an early stage.在這麼早的階段很難得出確定的結論。➤erroneous, false, incorrect, wrong錯誤的結論▸➤main主要的結論▸➤hasty草率的結論➤startling, surprising驚人的結論◇How did he reach this startling conclusion?他是怎麼得出這麼驚人的結論的？➤preliminary, tentative初步的／暫時的結論◇Only tentative conclusions can be drawn from these results.根據這些結果只能得出初步的結論。VERB + CONCLUSION➤arrive at, come to, draw, reach得出結論◇I can't draw any conclusions from what she said.我從她所說的話中得不出任何結論。➤jump to, leap to匆匆作出／貿然下結論◇We don't want to jump to the wrong conclusion.我們不想因匆忙而得出錯誤結論。◇Don't go jumping to conclusions before you know the facts.瞭解事實之前，不要匆匆下結論。➤base on, derive from以⋯為依據得出結論；根據⋯得出結論◇He bases his conclusions on very limited research.他的結論建立在十分有限的研究基礎上。➤lead to, point to導向／顯示結論◇It all points to the conclusion that nobody knew what was going on.所有的事實都指向這個結論：沒有人知道發生了什麼事。➤confirm, justify, reinforce, strengthen, support證實結論；證明結論的合理性；加強結論；鞏固結論；支持結論◇The data he collected strengthened his conclusions.收集到的數據強化了他的結論。➤warrant證明結論正確◇This does not warrant the conclusion that he failed.這並不一定能得出他失敗了的結論。  ➡ topic at meeting
conclusion

noun²

 2ending of sth結局ADJECTIVE | VERB + CONCLUSION | PREPOSITION ADJECTIVE➤satisfactory, satisfying, successful令人滿意的結局；成功的結束➤fitting恰當的結局◇This performance was a fitting conclusion to his career.這次演出為他的職業生涯適時地畫上了句號。➤foregone必然結果◇The result of the game was a foregone conclusion.這場比賽的結果是意料之中的。➤hasty匆忙的結束➤final, ultimate最後的結局◇The story's ultimate conclusion does not come as a surprise.故事的最終結局並不出人意料。VERB + CONCLUSION➤bring about, bring sth to導致結局；使⋯結束◇The meeting was brought to a hasty conclusion.會議草草結束了。➤come to告終PREPOSITION➤in conclusion綜上所述◇In conclusion, I would like to thank you all for your hard work.最後，我想對你們所有人的辛勤工作表示感謝。  ➡ topic at meeting
IELTS BNC: 1282 COCA: 1666
conclusion noun
⇨ conclusion (reach the conclusion that…) ⇨ end (In conclusion…) ⇨ a foregone conclusion ⇨ certainty conclusion

noun

  ➡ See also the entry for speculation 另見speculation條conclusion ♦︎ finding ♦︎ judgment ♦︎ ruling ♦︎ verdict ♦︎ inference ♦︎ deductionThese are all words for sth that you decide or know is true after considering all the facts of a situation. 這些詞均表示思考後得出的結論、推論。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆a conclusion / findings / a judgment / a ruling / an inference / a deduction about sth◆a judgment / ruling / verdict against / in favour of / on sb / sth◆the conclusion / finding / judgment / ruling / verdict / inference / deduction that...◆a / the general conclusion / finding / verdict / inference / deduction◆a / the correct / wrong conclusion / verdict / inference◆a logical / reasonable / valid conclusion / inference / deduction◆the final conclusion / judgment / ruling / verdict◆reach a conclusion / judgment / verdict◆make a judgment / a finding / a ruling / an inference / a deduction◆to give judgment / a ruling / a verdict◆to challenge sb's findings / a ruling / a verdict◆to base your conclusion / findings / judgment / ruling / verdict on sth■ conclusion kənˈkluːʒn [countable] something that you decide is true after you have considered all the facts relating to a particular situation 結論；推論◆We can safely draw some conclusions from our discussion.從討論中我們可以有把握地得出一些結論。◆I've come to the conclusion that he's not the right person for the job.我斷定他不適合做這項工作。◆Don't jump to conclusions (= do not decide that sth is true without knowing the facts).别匆忙下結論。■ finding [countable, usually plural] information that is discovered as the result of research into sth 調查發現；調研結果◆These findings suggest that there is no direct link between unemployment and crime.這些調研結果表明失業和犯罪之間沒有直接聯系。◆The findings are based on interviews with more than 2 000 people.調查結果是基於對2 000多人的訪談得出的。ⓘ In formal or legal English a finding is also a decision made by the judge or jury in court. 在正式或法律用語中，finding還指法官或陪審團的裁決◆The facts of this case do not justify a finding of negligence.本案的事實不足以得出犯有過失的裁決。   see also find ⇨ find 1 ■ judgment ( judgement) [countable, uncountable] the decision of a court or judge 判決；裁決◆They are hoping for a judgment in their favour from the European Court of Justice.他們期待着歐洲法院作出有利他們的裁決。◆The court has yet to pass judgment (= to say what its decision is) in this case.此案還有待法庭判決。ⓘ The usual spelling of this word in most of its meanings is judgement in British English and judgment in American English. However, in legal contexts judgment is preferred in both British and American English. 該詞大多數義項的拼法在英式英語中通常爲judgement，在美式英語中通常爲judgment。不過，在法律用語中，英式和美式英語均傾向拼寫作judgment。   see also judge ⇨ judge verb 2 ■ ruling [countable] an official decision made by sb in a position of authority, especially a judge （尤指法官作出的）裁決，裁定，判決◆The court will make its ruling on the case next week.法庭下周將對本案作出裁決。  see also rule ⇨ rule verb 2 ■ verdict [countable] a decision that is made by a jury in court, stating if sb is considered guilty of a crime or not; a decision that you make or an opinion that you give about sth, after you have tested it or considered it carefully （陪審團的）裁定，裁決；（經檢驗或認真考慮後的）決定，結論，意見◆The jury returned a verdict (= gave a verdict) of not guilty.陪審團作出了無罪裁決。◆The coroner recorded a verdict of accidental death.驗屍官得出了意外死亡的結論。◆The panel will give their verdict on the latest video releases.專家組將就最近發行的錄像提出他們的意見。NOTE 辨析 Finding, judgment, ruling or verdict?These are all words that can be used for a decision made in court. Finding is the most formal and is usually used in the phrase a finding of negligence/murder/unfair dismissal, etc., when a court has decided the nature of a crime or offence that has been committed; finding is much more frequent in its non-legal sense of research findings. Judgment and ruling are more general words, used especially to talk about decisions made when a complaint or dispute has been taken to court for a decision. Judgment emphasizes that the decision is made by a court, whether by a judge or jury; ruling emphasizes that the decision is made by a person in authority, often (but not always) a judge, but not by a jury. 這些詞均可指法庭作出的裁決。finding最正式，用於法院已經確定所犯罪行或違法行爲的性質，通常用於短語a finding of negligence/murder/unfair dismissal（過失／謀殺／無理解僱的裁決）等；finding更常用於非法律用語中，如research findings。judgment和ruling含義更廣，尤指投訴或糾紛提交法庭後所得的裁定。judgment強調決定是由法庭作出，不管是法官或陪審團；ruling強調決定是有職權的人作出的，常爲（但不總是）法官，而非由陪審團作出◆The judgment of the jury cannot be overturned.陪審團的裁決不可推翻。◆the ruling of the jury A verdict is the decision made by a jury in criminal cases about whether the person accused of the crime is guilty or not guilty. Verdict is also used to talk about the decision of a coroner at an inquest (= an official investigation to find out the cause of sb's death). * verdict是陪審團對刑事案件中被指控犯罪的人是否有罪的判決，亦指驗屍官的驗屍結果。 ■ inference ˈɪnfərəns [countable, uncountable] something that you can find out indirectly from what you already know; the act or process of forming an opinion based on what you already know 推斷的結果；結論；推斷；推理◆What inferences can we draw from this data?我們從這個數據中能推斷出什麽？◆If he is guilty then, by inference, so is his partner (= it is logical to think so, from the same evidence).如果他有罪，那麽由此可以推斷他的合夥人也同樣有罪。■ deduction dɪˈdʌkʃn [uncountable, countable] the process of using the information that you have in order to understand a particular situation or to find the answer to a problem 演繹；推論；推理◆He arrived at the solution by a simple process of deduction.他通過一番簡單的推理得出了解決問題的方法。◆If my deductions are correct, I can tell you who the murderer is.如果我的推論正確，我可以告訴你誰是兇手。NOTE 辨析 Inference or deduction?An inference is slightly more uncertain than a deduction: it is sth that is probably true, given what you already know. A deduction is sth that, logically, has to be true, if the facts you have are correct. Making an inference is usually more complicated than making a deduction. * inference的確定性比deduction略低，指由已知情況推斷某事可能爲真。deduction指如果掌握的事實無誤的話，從邏輯上推斷某事必然如此。inference的推理過程通常比deduction更複雜◆He arrived at the solution by a simple process of inference.
IELTS BNC: 1282 COCA: 1666
conclusion
Thoughts, ideas and beliefs: thought, idea, belief...
Ends, finishes and final stages: end, ending, finish...
Choices and the process of choosing: choice, decision, selection...

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