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TOEFL BNC: 2988 COCA: 4643

constraint

Word family 
con·straint /kənˈstreɪnt/ ●○○ AWL noun  
1  [countableC]LIMIT something that limits your freedom to do what you want 限制，束缚，约束 SYN restriction
constraint on
 Constraints on spending have forced the company to rethink its plans.
由于开支受到限制，这家公司不得不重新考虑其计划。
 the constraints of family life
家庭生活的约束
financial/environmental/political etc constraints
 There have been financial and political constraints on development.
发展受到了经济和政治上的限制。
impose/place constraints on somebody/something
 constraints imposed on teachers by large class sizes
班级人数多给教师带来的限制
2  [uncountableU]CONTROL control over the way people are allowed to behave, so that they cannot do what they want 行为约束
 freedom from constraint
不受约束
n COLLOCATIONS
ADJECTIVES/NOUN + constraint
financial/legal/economic etc constraints
During the war, there were many physical and social constraints on citizens.
time constraints (=the limited amount of time that is available)
Exams are always done under strict time constraints.
budget constraints (=the limited amount of money that is available)
With any new project, you have to be aware of the budget constraints.
a major constraint
In Egypt, the shortage of land and water is a major constraint on agriculture.
a serious/severe constraint
The country's debts put serious constraints on its economic growth.
a tight constraint (=a strict limit)
They were operating within tight financial constraints.
an important constraint
Their religious beliefs were an important constraint on their behaviour.
verbs
impose constraints on somebody/something
You have to work within the constraints that the software imposes.
place/put constraints on somebody/something
Lack of funding is putting severe constraints on research.
free somebody/something from constraints
Summer vacation is a time when children are freed from the constraints of routine.
phrases
be subject to constraints (=be limited by them)
Teachers are subject to the constraints of the examination system.
be free from constraints (=not be limited by them)
No film producers are free from the constraints of censorship.
given the constraints on something (=because there are particular constraints on something)
Given the constraints on space in the city, most people live in tiny apartments.
Examples from the Corpus
constraint• The finance director gives committees advice on the authority's overall budget constraints for the next year.• In 1989, the Piscataway school district in New Jersey had to dismiss one high school business teacher because of budgetary constraints.• This may reflect lower evolutionary constraints on the structure of this region in the two proteins.• So this is a linguistic constraint.• They have called on the military to show constraint.• They may also be subject to similar constraints and failures.• This constraint may not apply to fundholding practices where, in addition to the obvious benefits to the patient, real financial incentives exist.• It is an unnecessary constraint, since without it the manager would do better.
impose/place constraints on somebody/something• The layout of documents can provide additional information which also places constraints on the recognition process.
Origin constraint
(1300-1400) Old French constrainte, from constraindre; → CONSTRAIN
con·straint noun →n COLLOCATIONS1
LDOCE Online
Chinese
Syllable
Corpus
TOEFL BNC: 2988 COCA: 4643
constraint

noun

ADJECTIVE | VERB + CONSTRAINT | PREPOSITION ADJECTIVE➤important, major重要的約束；重大的限制▸➤severe, tight嚴厲的約束；嚴格的限制◇The government has placed tight constraints on spending this year.政府今年實行了嚴格的開支限制。➤budget, budgetary, financial預算上的限制；財政上的限制▸➤legal, space, time法律約束；空間限制；時間限制VERB + CONSTRAINT➤impose, place, put實行約束；加以限制▸➤relax, remove放鬆／取消限制▸➤face面臨限制PREPOSITION➤within a/the constraint在限制範圍內◇We have to work within severe constraints.我們得在嚴格的限制範圍內工作。➤without constraint沒有限制◇I felt free to speak to her without constraint.同她說話我感到很自由，不拘束。➤constraint on, constraint upon對⋯的限制◇There are major financial constraints on all schools.所有的學校都面臨嚴重的財政限制。
TOEFL BNC: 2988 COCA: 4643
constraint noun
⇨ limit 1
TOEFL BNC: 2988 COCA: 4643

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