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BNC: 5597 COCA: 2737

dirt

Word family 
Related topics: Soil
dirt /dɜːt $ dɜːrt/ ●●● S3 noun [uncountableU]  
1  DIRTYany substance that makes things dirty, such as mud or dust 灰尘，尘土，污物
 You should have seen the dirt on that car!
你没看见那车上沾了多少泥！
 His face and hands were black with dirt.
他的脸和手黑乎乎的，全是泥。
 a patch of grass, covered in dog dirt (=waste from a dog’s bowels)
满是狗屎的一小片草地
2  TAS especially American EnglishAmE earth or soil （泥）土
 Michael threw his handful of dirt onto the coffin.
迈克尔往棺材上撒了一把土。
in (the) dirt
 The children had been sitting in the dirt.
这些孩子一直在泥地里坐着。
3  informalKNOW something information about someone’s private life or activities which could give people a bad opinion of them if it became known 〔某人私生活的〕丑事，丑行
 The newspapers had been digging up dirt on the president.
报纸一直在挖掘总统的丑事。
4. RUDE/OBSCENEtalk, writing, a film etc that is considered bad or immoral because it is about sex 下流话；下流文章；色情电影
→ dish the dirt at dish2, → hit/strike paydirt at paydirt, → hit the dirt at hit1(17), → treat somebody like dirt at treat1(1)
n COLLOCATIONS
verbs
remove the dirt (from something)
First, remove any dirt from the cut.
brush off/wash off/clean off the dirt
Wash the dirt off those boots before you come in.
something shows the dirt (=something looks dirty – used about colours)
Light-coloured clothes show the dirt rather quickly.
adjectives
loose dirt (=that you can brush off easily)
Keep your pack clean by brushing off any loose dirt after use.
ingrained dirt (=under the surface of something and difficult to clean off)
We had to wash the walls to remove the ingrained dirt.
ground-in dirt (=difficult to remove because people have walked over something )
He had a lot of trouble getting rid of the ground-in dirt from the carpet.
phrases
be covered with dirt
The kitchen floor was covered with dirt.
be black with dirt (=be very dirty)
Jack came in from the garden, his hands black with dirt.
a speck of dirt (=a very small piece of dirt)
Their house was so clean – there wasn’t a speck of dirt anywhere.
Examples from the Corpus
dirt• They live at the end of a dirt road.• The government was paying farmers fifteen cents a cubic yard to move dirt.• The hose washed off something that was not dirt.• The film of steam combined with the patina of dirt on the glass made them almost opaque.• The rooms were cleaned until every speck of dirt and grit was gone.• A quick ride up a short but somewhat steep dirt road takes you to Mulholland Drive, known here as dirt Mulholland.• The kids were playing in the yard, digging in the dirt.• That way, enough bag was left to use as a flap to hold in the dirt.• He stabbed the brake, stabbed too hard, and his back wheels slurred in the dirt.• Jack looked up and wiped a grubby hand wearily over his face, streaking the dirt still further.• She swept the dirt off the back porch.• Why is there dirt all over the back seat of the car?• The floor was covered with dirt.• He took off his glasses, which were covered with dirt.• Put the seeds in the pot and cover them with dirt.
in (the) dirt• He staggered forward, covered in dirt, his clothing ripped and ragged.• A third saguaro lies full-length in the dirt, one end squashed flat and stamped with the imprint of tire treads.• A rarely used volleyball net stood lonely in the dirt and weeds.• Putting an arm round her shoulder, he crouched down and used a stick to draw the meadow in the dirt.• Take a stick and scratch pictures in the dirt.• The chickens' surviving relatives clucked and scratched in the dirt, oblivious to the drifting feathers.• He stabbed the brake, stabbed too hard, and his back wheels slurred in the dirt.• The two halves twitched and wriggled in the dirt.
Origin dirt
(1200-1300) Old Norse drit
dirt noun →n COLLOCATIONS1
LDOCE Online
Chinese
Corpus
BNC: 5597 COCA: 2737
dirt

noun¹

 1substance that makes sth dirty污物ADJECTIVE | ... OF DIRT | VERB + DIRT | DIRT + VERB | DIRT + NOUN ADJECTIVE➤excess, loose浮土◇She brushed the loose dirt off her coat.她拂去了外套上的浮土。➤ingrained積垢▸➤dog (BrE) 狗屎➤accumulated積累的污垢◇Clean your face with soap to remove accumulated dirt and oil.用肥皂洗掉你臉上的積土和油污。... OF DIRT➤speck一點污跡▸➤streak一道髒痕◇He had streaks of dirt all over his face.他滿臉都是一道道的髒痕。➤layer一層污垢VERB + DIRT➤be covered in, be covered with被污垢覆蓋◇His shoes were covered in dirt.他的鞋上滿是灰塵。➤brush off, clean off, dust off, remove, rub, rub off, scrape, scrub off, shake, wash off, wipe刷去灰塵；清除污垢；撣去塵土；擦掉污物；拭去污垢；抖掉污物；洗去污漬；抹去污垢◇He rubbed the dirt off his face. (BrE) 他擦掉臉上的灰塵。◇He rubbed the dirt from his face. (NAmE) 他擦去臉上的灰塵。➤sweep清掃灰塵◇He swept the dirt out onto the porch.他把灰塵掃到門口。➤show顯髒◇The white rug really shows the dirt.白地毯非常顯髒。➤attract (especially NAmE) 吸附灰塵◇This material does not attract much dirt.這種材料不太吸灰。➤loosen (especially NAmE) 清除污垢◇Massage your scalp to loosen any dirt.按摩你的頭皮去除污垢。DIRT + VERB➤accumulate灰塵聚積◇Dirt had accumulated in the corners of the windows.窗角積上了灰塵。➤cover灰塵覆蓋◇Blood and dirt covered his face.他的臉上滿是血跡和灰塵。DIRT + NOUN➤fleck, particle, speck污點；灰塵微粒◇Sunlight steamed through the dirt particles in the air.陽光透射過空氣中的灰塵微粒。
dirt

noun²

 2 (NAmE) soil/mud泥土ADJECTIVE | ... OF DIRT | VERB + DIRT | DIRT + NOUN | PREPOSITION ADJECTIVE➤excess, loose多餘的土；鬆散的土◇She filled the hole with loose dirt.她用虛土填滿了洞。➤soft軟土◇Her fingernails raked the soft dirt beneath her.她用指甲扒她身下的軟土。➤dry, wet乾土；濕土◇a floor of dry dirt乾土地面➤hard-packed, packed壓緊的土◇He landed hard on the packed dirt.他重重地落在緊實的土上。➤bare (NAmE) 裸土◇The front lawn has patches of bare dirt.前面的草坪露出一塊塊土。➤cold冰涼的土◇He picked himself up off the cold dirt.他從冰冷的土上爬起來。➤fill填土◇a couple of inches of fill dirt幾英寸填土➤infield (NAmE) 內場◇Rose picked the ball up off the infield dirt.羅斯從內場裏撿起球。➤ingrained積土➤fresh新鮮的泥土◇the mounds of fresh dirt over all the graves所有墳墓上的新鮮封土... OF DIRT➤layer土層VERB + DIRT➤be covered in, be covered with被塵土覆蓋◇His shoes were covered in dirt.他的鞋上滿是塵土。➤dig, move, shovel挖土；挪土；鏟土◇The men started to shovel dirt into the open grave.這些人開始往敞開的墳墓裏鏟土。➤throw揚土◇They threw dirt into my face.他朝我的臉上揚土。DIRT + NOUN➤course, driveway, lane, path, road, street, strip, track, trail泥土賽道；泥土車道；土路；泥土街道；泥土小路◇the Palermo dirt course巴勒莫泥土賽道➤floor, ground泥土地面➤wall土牆◇The blow knocked him against the dirt wall.這一擊把他撞向了土牆。➤lot, parking lot, yard泥土地塊；泥地停車場；土院子◇the dirt yard in front of the barn穀倉前的土院子➤farmer田農➤farm小農場◇He grew up on a dirt farm in upstate New York.他在紐約北部的小農場長大。➤clod, clump土塊◇They throw sticks and dirt clods up into the air.他們把木棍和土塊扔向空中。➤mound, pile土堆➤smudge, stain泥土污漬◇I tried to rub off a dirt stain on my sleeve.我試圖把袖子上的泥點子擦掉。PREPOSITION➤in the dirt在泥地上◇children playing in the dirt在泥地上玩耍的孩子們
dirt

noun³

 3harmful/unpleasant information about sb流言蜚語VERB + DIRT | PREPOSITION | PHRASES VERB + DIRT➤have知道流言蜚語➤get (especially NAmE) 得到醜聞◇We need to get some dirt on her.我們得給她搞點兒醜聞。➤dig, dig up挖掘醜聞◇He could dig up so much dirt on her.他能挖出她的許多醜聞。PREPOSITION➤dirt on關於⋯的醜聞◇Do you have any dirt on the new guy?你知道什麼關於這個新來的傢伙的醜聞嗎 ?PHRASES➤dish the dirt揭人的短◇She just loves to dish the dirt (= tell people unkind / unpleasant things about sb).她專愛說別人的壞話。
BNC: 5597 COCA: 2737
dirt noun
⇨ dirt (covered in dirt) ⇨ report 4 (dish the dirt) ⇨ soil (a dirt track) dirt

noun

dirt ♦︎ dust ♦︎ pollution ♦︎ soot ♦︎ grimeThese are all words for substances that make sth dirty. 这些词均表示污物、脏污。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆to be covered in / with dirt / dust / soot / grime◆to be streaked with dirt / soot◆to remove dirt / dust / soot / grime◆to wash the dirt / dust / grime off / from sth◆to clean the dirt / dust off / from sth◆to brush the dirt / dust off / from sth◆a layer of dirt / dust / grime◆a speck of dirt / dust■ dirt [uncountable] any substance that makes sth dirty, for example soil or mud 污物；尘土；烂泥◆First remove any dirt from the surface.首先清除表面的污垢。◆The problem with white is that it soon shows the dirt.白色的缺点是容易显脏。■ dust [uncountable] the fine powder of dirt that forms in buildings, on furniture, floors and other surfaces （室内各种表面积聚的）灰尘，尘埃◆There wasn't a speck of dust anywhere.到处都一尘不染。◆She is allergic to house dust.她对房子里的灰尘过敏。■ pollution pəˈluːʃn [uncountable] any substance that makes air, water, soil or other natural things dirty （破坏自然环境的）污染物◆The new buses emit no more pollution than the average car.新型公共汽车的污染物排放量跟普通汽车一样少。◆Pollution on British beaches is a serious problem.英国海滩上的秽物垃圾是个严重问题。▸ pollute

verb

 [transitive] ◆the exhaust fumes that are polluting our cities污染我们城市的废气■ soot sʊt [uncountable] black powder that is produced when sth such as wood or coal is burnt 煤烟子；油烟◆The fireplace was blackened with soot.壁炉被煤烟子弄黑了。■ grime [uncountable] dirt that forms a layer on the surface of sth 一层污垢；积垢◆The window sills were covered in dust and grime.窗台上积满了灰尘和污垢。
BNC: 5597 COCA: 2737
dirt
Dirt: dirt, dust, grime...
Soil and earth: alluvium, clay, clod...
Damage to someone's reputation: injury, discredit, smear...
Secrets and secretiveness: secret, confidentiality, stealth...

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