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TOEFL IELTS BNC: 1211 COCA: 1112

reform

Word family 
re·form1 /rɪˈfɔːm $ -ɔːrm/ ●●○ W3 noun [countableC, uncountableU]  
CHANGE/MAKE something DIFFERENTa change or changes made to a system or organization in order to improve it 改进；改革
reform of
 a reform of the legal system
法律制度的改革
economic/political/educational reform
 The government announced a much-needed programme of economic reform.
政府宣布了一套极为必要的经济改革方案。
 Reforms were made to revive the economy.
为复苏经济而进行了改革。
far-reaching/sweeping/radical reforms
 The prime minister is calling for sweeping reforms of the NHS.
首相正要求全面改革国民医疗服务体系。
n COLLOCATIONS
ADJECTIVES/NOUN + reform
economic reform
The prime minister has promised to push ahead with economic reform.
political/democratic/constitutional reform
He stressed that democratic reform could not be achieved overnight.
tax reform
The chancellor's proposals for tax reform met strong resistance in the Commons.
education reform
Teachers say the government's education reforms are causing stress.
a major reform
He called for a major reform of the drug laws.
radical reform (=very big and important changes)
His government adopted a policy of radical reform.
fundamental reform (=changes to the most basic and important parts of something)
He wants fundamental reform of the EU's agricultural policy.
far-reaching/sweeping reforms (=reforms that affect many things or have a great effect)
The new government instituted a series of far-reaching reforms.
verbs
make/carry out reforms
They haven't made any real reforms.
introduce reforms
They increased pressure on the government to introduce political reforms.
push through reforms (=make them happen)
He has so far failed to push through much-needed economic reforms.
implement reforms (=carry out planned reforms)
Much will depend on how local managers implement the reforms.
phrases
a package/programme of reforms
A package of reforms was approved by the National Assembly on April 12.
Examples from the Corpus
reform• Reforms in agriculture, although slow, are beginning to have an impact.• They pushed an agenda to reverse recent academic reforms and give students more power within the university administration.• The army, on the other hand, has remained largely neutral in the unprecedented fight to force democratic reform from Milosevic.• The Socialists have promised a programme of radical political and economic reform.• These protections addressed issues ranging from the death penalty and homosexual rights to term limits, campaign-finance reform, and congressional redistricting.• Feminists sought legal reforms to ensure that women had genuinely equal opportunities.• The ability of party leaders to manipulate the nomination process had been substantially undercut, however, by party reform.• Clinton repeated his call, made in his first inaugural address in 1993, for political reform.• The revival in the island's economy has come about because of radical reforms introduced over the past three years.• Examples of radical reform, proposals for it and attempts to obtain it may be drawn from all parts of the globe.• Tax reforms did not benefit the middle class.• This is not the end of the reform movement, because it depends on society.• All of this may help to explain why I support with passion the reforms proposed by David Blunkett earlier this week.• the reform of local government
reform of• The governor has called for reform of the forestry laws.
reform2 ●●○ verb  
1  [transitiveT]CHANGE/MAKE something DIFFERENT to improve a system, law, organization etc by making a lot of changes to it, so that it operates in a fairer or more effective way 改进；改革
 plans to radically reform the tax system
彻底改革税收制度的计划
2  [intransitiveI, transitiveT]BEHAVE to change your behaviour and become a better person, or to make someone do this （使）改过自新
 Greeley says he’s a genuinely reformed character.
格里利说他已经彻底改过自新了。
 a reformed criminal
一名改过自新的罪犯
Examples from the Corpus
reform• Parliament will soon be asked to approve measures to reform education, health, the criminal justice system and welfare provision.• Those countries that have made most headway in their reforming efforts are simply the precursors of the others.• It is tough to reform something that is shapeless and indifferent to improvement, like Jell-O in the hands of a carpenter.• Voters also heavily endorsed a clause on the ballot paper calling for the convening of a constituent assembly to reform the Constitution.• The failure of the ruling Socialist Party to reform the economy has plunged the country into disaster.• Plans to reform the health care system have failed more than once.• We are working to reform the nation's prisons.• The White Paper marks a step change in our programme for reforming the public sector.• They reformed the voting system, and introduced a secret ballot.• Dogs that bite can be reformed with good training.
reformed character• But he was not a reformed character.• Moz had become a reformed character.• Nutty began to think Nails was a reformed character.• Peter O'Toole is another reformed character.• For reasons not apparent he had become a reformed character: he worked diligently and spent long hours in the laboratory.
From Longman Business Dictionary
reformre·form1 /rɪˈfɔːm-ɔːrm/ verb [transitiveT]
to change a system, law, organization etc so that it operates in a fairer or more effective way
The government has announced its plans to reform the tax system.
—reformer noun [countableC]
The reformers will have to keep public support on their side if their bold economic experiments are to succeed.
reformreform2 noun [countableC, uncountableU]
a change made to a system, law, organization etc so that it operates in a fairer or more effective way
radical reforms of the company taxation system
There is an urgent need for economic reform.
Origin reform1
(1300-1400) Old French reformer, from Latin reformare, from formare “to form”
re·form1 noun →n COLLOCATIONS1reform2 verb
LDOCE Online
Chinese
Syllable
Corpus

See also: re-form

TOEFL IELTS BNC: 1211 COCA: 1112
reform

noun

ADJECTIVE | ... OF REFORMS | VERB + REFORM | REFORM + VERB | REFORM + NOUN | PREPOSITION | PHRASES ADJECTIVE➤dramatic, drastic, fundamental, great, important, major, radical, significant, substantial劇烈的變革；根本性改革；重大改革▸➤broad, comprehensive, far-reaching, sweeping, wholesale, wide-ranging廣泛改革；全面改革；影響深遠的改革；大規模變革◇The Prime Minister promised sweeping reforms of the banking system.首相承諾對銀行系統進行大刀闊斧的改革。➤genuine, meaningful, real真正的改革；有意義的改革▸➤minor, modest小規模的／適度的變革▸➤piecemeal零星改革▸➤new新變革➤proposed提議的變革▸➤further進一步改革▸➤immediate立即改革▸➤rapid迅速改革➤lasting持續的改革▸➤necessary, needed, overdue必要的改革；遲到的改革◇much-needed reforms急需的變革◇Health-care reform is long overdue.早就應該對保健服務進行改革。➤effective有效改革▸➤practical切合實際的改革▸➤moral, political, social道德改造；政治改革；社會變革▸➤democratic, liberal民主改革；開明的變革▸➤domestic, institutional, internal國內／機構／內部改革▸➤procedural, structural程序／結構改造◇There remains reluctance to undertake the structural reforms advocated by Mr Smith.仍然有人不願意進行史密斯先生倡導的那種結構性改革。➤administrative, governmental, regulatory行政／政府／管理改革➤policy政策改革▸➤constitutional, election, electoral, judicial, law, legal, legislative, tort (especially NAmE) 憲法／選舉／競選／司法／法律／立法／侵權改革◇The country desperately needs broad political and constitutional reform.這個國家急需進行廣泛的政治和憲法改革。➤intelligence情報工作改革◇our debate on intelligence reform我們對於情報工作改革的辯論➤penal, prison刑罰／監獄改革▸➤curriculum, education, educational, school課程改革；教育改革；學校改革▸➤health-care, pension, social-security, welfare醫療／退休金／社會保障／福利改革◇advocates of health-care reform醫療改革的倡導者➤banking, economic, finance, financial, fiscal, market, monetary, tax銀行業／經濟／金融／財政／財務／市場／貨幣／稅務改革◇The government instituted a tax reform to stimulate demand.為了刺激需求，政府啟動了稅制改革。➤corporate, media企業／媒體改革◇the battle for corporate reform爭取企業改革的鬥爭➤agrarian, agricultural, environmental, land耕地改革；農業改革；環境改造；土地改革➤immigration移民改革◇Top on his list was immigration reform.移民改革是他優先考慮的事項。... OF REFORMS➤package一套改革方案VERB + REFORM➤adopt, bring about, initiate, introduce, pass採取／引起／開始／推行／批准改革▸➤push through設法完成改革◇They wanted to push through radical reforms.他們想要設法完成根本性的變革。➤carry out, enact, implement, institute, make, put in place, put into practice, undertake實施改革；執行改革；開始改革；着手改革◇His administration carried out economic reforms.他所領導的政府實施了經濟改革。➤accelerate加快改革◇efforts to accelerate the structural reform of the economy為加快經濟結構改革而作出的努力➤delay推遲改革▸➤block妨礙改革◇The conservative coalition could delay further reforms or block them altogether.保守同盟可能會推遲或徹底阻礙進一步的改革。➤oppose, resist反對／抵制改革▸➤accept, embrace, welcome接受改革；歡迎改革▸➤advocate, call for, press for, promote, propose, pursue, push for, seek主張改革；號召改革；迫切要求改革；促進改革；建議改革；進行改革；力求改革；尋求變革◇They have issued a statement advocating reform of the legal system.他們發表了一份主張進行法律體制改革的聲明。◇Publishers continue to push for sweeping reforms.出版商繼續力求大刀闊斧的改革。➤demand要求改革▸➤back, encourage, support支持／鼓勵／擁護改革◇We are committed to supporting democracy and reform in the region.我們堅定地支持這一地區的民主和改革。➤require需要改革◇The practice of global politics requires reform.全球政治慣例需要改革。➤plan計劃改革▸➤discuss討論改革REFORM + VERB➤go through改革完成◇The reforms went through in spite of opposition from teachers.儘管老師們反對，改革依然完成了。➤be aimed at sth改革旨在⋯◇tax reforms aimed at encouraging land development為鼓勵土地開發而進行的稅制改革➤fail改革失敗◇His economic reforms failed to improve their lives.他發起的經濟改革未能改善他們的生活。REFORM + NOUN➤process改革進程▸➤movement改革運動➤agenda, initiative, package, plan, programme/program, proposal改革議程；改革新舉措；一攬子改革方案；改革計劃；改革提案▸➤measure, policy改革措施／政策▸➤act, bill, law, legislation改革法案；改革法；改革立法◇The House narrowly passed the education reform bill.眾議院勉強通過了教育改革法案。➤school (especially NAmE) 少年犯管教所PREPOSITION➤reform in在⋯方面的改革◇reforms in housing and education住房和教育改革PHRASES➤the need for reform改革的需要▸➤the pace of reform改革的步伐▸➤a programme/program of reform改革計劃
reform

verb

ADVERB | VERB + REFORM | PHRASES ADVERB➤drastically, fundamentally, radically, truly徹底變革；根本改革；真正變革◇The education system must be radically reformed.教育體制必須徹底改革。◇the near impossibility of truly reforming the system切實進行體制改革的渺茫希望VERB + REFORM➤attempt to, push to, seek to, try to試圖改革；力求改革PHRASES➤attempts to reform sth, efforts to reform sth, proposals to reform sth改革⋯的嘗試／努力／建議▸➤a need to reform sth改革⋯的必要性
TOEFL IELTS BNC: 1211 COCA: 1112
reform verb
⇨ improve 1
TOEFL IELTS BNC: 1211 COCA: 1112
reform
Changes: effect, change, trend...
To make something better: improve, enhance, remedy...
To have an effect on someone's emotions or attitudes: influence, decide, lead to...

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