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IELTS BNC: 278 COCA: 287

law

Word family 
Related topics: Law
law /lɔː $ lɒː/ ●●● S1 W1 noun → lore
1  system of rules 規則體系 [uncountableU] (also the law)LAW the whole system of rules that people in a particular country or area must obey 法律(體系)
Elected officials ought to obey the law.
民選官員理應遵守法律。
by law
By law, seat belts must be worn by all passengers.
按照法律規定，所有乘客都必須系安全帶。
under English/international etc law
This is illegal under English law.
這違反了英國法律。
2  a rule 規則 [countableC]RULE/REGULATION a rule that people in a particular country or area must obey 法則，法令
laws passed by Parliament
議會通過的法律
under a law
Five people arrested under anti-terrorism laws were released without charge.
五名涉嫌違反反恐法被捕的人無罪獲釋。
law on
European laws on equal opportunities
歐洲的均等機會法
law against
The laws against drug use were very strict.
打擊吸毒的法律十分嚴厲。
► see thesaurus at rule
3  law and order SCCONTROLa situation in which people respect the law, and crime is controlled by the police, the prison system etc 治安，法治
We are concerned about the breakdown of law and order in the country.
我們爲國家治安陷入癱瘓而擔憂。
Examples from the Corpus
law and order• It arises from the need to maintain law and order.• Neighborhood leaders are working with police to maintain law and order.• Indeed, it would represent a complete breakdown, not just of law and order, but of all civilised values.• I have tried to show the real gap between Labour and the Conservative party and Government on matters of law and order.• His party claims to be the party of law and order, the family, back to basics.• The hon. Gentleman again raised the question of law and order.• Sentencing policies, as a result of law and order campaigns mean the prisoners are younger and more likely to be black.• Periodic law and order - it's elementary!• The new government is gradually restoring law and order.• My hon. and learned Friend will be glad to welcome the 16.7 percent. increase for the law and order programme.
4  POLICE 警察the law SCPthe police 警方，警察
I think she may be in trouble with the law.
我想她可能惹上警察了。
Examples from the Corpus
the law• He's in trouble with the law again.
5  NORMALwhat always happens 總是發生的事 [countableC] something that always happens in nature or society, or a statement that describes this 規律，定律
law of
the law of supply and demand
供求定律
the laws of nature
自然規律
the law of gravity
萬有引力定律
6  study/profession 學業/職業 [uncountableU] (also the law) law as a subject of study, or the profession of being a lawyer 法學；律師職業
She’s studying law in London.
她在倫敦攻讀法律。
7  sport/activity 體育/活動 [countableC]RULE/REGULATION one of the rules which controls a sport or activity 運動規則
the laws of football
足球比賽規則
8  the law of the jungle 
a) COMPETE WITH/TRY TO BEATthe idea that people should only look after themselves and not care about other people if they want to succeed 想要成功，莫顧他人
b) COMPETE WITH/TRY TO BEATthe principle that only the strongest creatures will stay alive 叢林法則，弱肉強食法則，優勝劣汰原則
Examples from the Corpus
the law of the jungle• But it is better than the law of the jungle, where might equals right.
9  the law of averages HMSthe probability that one result will happen as often as another if you try something often enough 平均律，均值定理
The law of averages says we’ll win at least once.
從平均律來看，我們至少能赢一次。
Examples from the Corpus
the law of averages• The law of averages says we're due for a win.• Basically, if you believe the law of averages, 1996 should be a year for mutual funds to cool their heels.• By the law of averages, one such application must finally succeed.
10  be a law unto himself/herself etc INDEPENDENT PERSONto behave in an independent way and not worry about the usual rules of behaviour or what other people do or think 我行我素，自行其是
Boys his age are a law unto themselves.
他這個年齡的男孩都是我行我素。
Examples from the Corpus
be a law unto himself/herself etc• She was a law unto herself and did what she wanted to do.
11  take the law into your own hands PUNISHto do something illegal in order to put right something that you think is not fair, for example by violently punishing someone instead of telling the police 不通過法律擅自處理，用私刑處罰
vigilantes who take the law into their own hands
擅自執法的治安會成員
Examples from the Corpus
take the law into your own hands• Citizens should not be expected to take the law into their own hands.
12  go to law TRIALto go to court in order to settle a problem 訴諸法律，提起訴訟
the right of consumers to go to law if they need to
消費者必要時可訴諸法律的權利
Examples from the Corpus
go to law• Indeed, they are going to law school, too.• So the museum has gone to law to get the pictures back.• When I go to law schools to speak, I recognize them immediately.• I might go to law school next year, and I wanted to find out if I liked it.• Well, what else could I do with a history and humanities interest outside of teach or go to law school?• Merrill plans to work for a year, perhaps abroad, and then go to law school.• So we've been left with no other avenue but to go to law.• At the time, she was intending to go to law school with a view to taking over her father's law firm.
13  be above the law someone who is above the law does not have to obey the law 淩駕於法律之上
Many ministers seem to regard themselves as being above the law.
許多部長似乎認爲自己可以淩駕於法律之上。
Examples from the Corpus
be above the law• Judges declare Jockey Club is above the law.• County Administrator Wang thought he was above the law.• The great judge Lord Denning in a historic judgment once said that no one, however mighty, was above the law.• But Democrats applauded, generally taking the pious view that the White House can never be above the law.• A young man died, and nobody is above the law.• One of the negative reminders of Watergate is that the highest officials of government often are above the law.
14. there’s no law against something spokenLEGAL used to tell someone who is criticizing you that you are not doing anything wrong 某事又不犯法〔受到批評時說的話〕
15  there ought to be a law against something spoken used to say that you do not think something should be accepted or allowed 必須禁止做某事
There ought to be a law against cutting off power supplies in the middle of February.
必須禁止在2月中旬斷電的做法。
16. somebody’s word is law used to say that someone is always obeyed without argument 某人的話就是法律
→ Sod's law, → lay down the law at lay, → unwritten law at unwritten
 COLLOCATIONS – Meanings 1 & 2
verbs
obey the law 遵守法律
Citizens have a duty to obey the law.
公民有義務遵守法律。
break the law (=do something illegal) 違反法律
Is the company breaking the law?
這家公司違反法律了嗎？
pass a law 通過法律
New Jersey passed a law requiring helmets for scooter riders.
新澤西通過一項法律，規定騎行低座小摩托車的人必須戴好頭盔。
become law (=officially be made a law) 成爲法律
For a bill to become law, it must be approved by both Houses of Parliament.
法案經議會兩院通過之後才能成爲法律。
make laws 制定法律
nPart of the function of Parliament is to make laws.
introduce a law 推行法律
nIn 1989, a new law was introduced to protect the Polish language.
enforce a law (=make people obey a law) 執行法律
nIt is the job of the police to enforce the law.
flout a law (=deliberately disobey a law) 藐視法律
nEmployers who flout the law should be properly punished.
repeal a law (=officially end a law) 廢除法律
nMany people want the law to be repealed.
a law prohibits something (=says that it is not allowed) 法律禁止某事
nThe law prohibits possession of these animals.
phrases
something is against the law (=it is illegal) 某事違法
The children knew that shoplifting was against the law.
這些孩子知道在商店行竊是違法的。
stay/act within the law (=not do illegal things) 依法，守法
The security forces must act within the law.
安全部隊必須依法行動。
ADJECTIVES/NOUN + law
strict/tough 嚴厲的/強硬的
the country’s strict anti-tobacco laws
該國嚴厲的禁煙法規
tax/copyright/divorce etc law(s) 稅法/版權法/離婚法等
an accountant who knows about tax law
熟悉稅法的會計師
criminal law (=laws concerning crimes) 刑法
nCriminal law contains definitions of such crimes as murder, rape, and robbery.
civil law (=laws concerning disagreements between people, rather than crimes) 民法
nThe punishment for breaking civil law is usually a fine.
international law (=laws that all countries agree to obey) 國際法
nUnder international law, the countries must respect the treaty.
English/German etc law 英國/德國等法律
This is not an offence under English law.
這違反了英國法律。
federal law (=the law of the US, not a particular state) 聯邦法律
nUnder federal law, it is illegal to discriminate against employees because of race or sex.
state law (=the law in a US state) 州法律
nUnder state law it was illegal for any public official to receive gifts worth more than $100.
common law (=laws that have come from customs and the decisions of judges) 習慣法，普通法
nIn common law, if a house is rented out, it is expected that the house is safe to live in.
case law (=law based on previous court cases) 判例法，案例法
nThere is little case law covering this issue.
Examples from the Corpus
law• By law, an advertiser can't use a person's name for commercial purposes without permission.• the economic law of supply and demand• In 1873 French law was imposed in Vietnam.• Both specific and general laws on child prostitution exist.• The current gun laws vary from state to state.• Refugees are accorded special protection under international law• Under the new law, anyone who assists in a suicide faces 10 years in prison.• tough new laws on immigration• She practices law in New York.• The soldiers were brought in to restore law and order after the riots.• Japan has very strict laws against guns and drugs.• Andrew is studying law at Harvard University.• It's against the law to be drunk in public.• I didn't realize I was breaking the law.• FIFA is the organization that runs world football and decides whether any of the laws should be changed.• The law defines drunkenness as a certain percentage of alcohol in the blood.• the law of gravity• the laws of cricket• This law makes it illegal to smoke in public places.
under a law• The Mosser and Murray deaths qualify for the federal death penalty under a law passed in August 1994.• The offence was still not covered by any effective punishment under law.• So the child may still have no redress under law.• Revival under Law, 1911-1914 Few contemporaries would have expected Balfour's retirement to lead to a Unionist recovery.• Second, it would ensure that workers enjoyed positive rights under law and reduce the emphasis of union immunities.• Do you feel the tradition of citizenship and the tradition of parliamentary rule under law are incompatible?• So under Law the language of the boardroom became commonplace on the platforms and in the propaganda of the party.
From Longman Business Dictionary
lawlaw /lɔːlɒː/ noun
1[singular, uncountableU]LAW the whole system of rules that citizens of a country must obey
It is against the law (=illegal) for children to work before they are fifteen.
There were easy profits for businessmen who were prepared to break the law (=do something illegal).
The inheritance tax changes announced in the Budget became law (=were officially made a law).
By law (=according to the law) a company like British Gas has to hold a meeting of its shareholders once a year.
They make tough business deals, but are always careful to operate within the law (=do only legal things).
→ case law → civil law → commercial law → common law → company law → criminal law → international law → labour law → private law → public law → statute law → substantive law
2[countableC]LAW a rule that people in a particular country, city, or local area must obey
a new state law, limiting insurance companies’ junk-bond holdings to 20% of assets
law on
laws on the distribution of tobacco products
→ see also bylaw
→ blue laws → blue-sky laws
3rule of lawLAW when the people in a country obey the laws
The state was too weak to impose the rule of law.
4[uncountableU]LAW the study of laws, or the profession of being a lawyer
Peter is a law student.
Jackson studied law at Oxford University.
She’s a partner in a major New York law firm.
5[countableC] a way in which things happen in an activity such as business, which is thought of as a rule because it seems impossible to change
the law of supply and demand
→ see also Pareto's Law
Origin law
Old English lagu
IELTS BNC: 278 COCA: 287
law

noun¹

 1official rule/rules法規  ➡ see also martial law ADJECTIVE | VERB + LAW | LAW + VERB | LAW + NOUN | PREPOSITION | PHRASES ADJECTIVE➤administrative, case, civil, common, constitutional, criminal, statute, etc.行政法、判例法、民法、習慣法、憲法、刑法、成文法等➤abortion, bankruptcy, business, contract, divorce, employment, family, immigration, labour/labor, libel, tax, etc.墮胎法、破產法、商業法、合同法、離婚法、用工法、家庭法、移民法、勞動法、誹謗法、稅法等➤federal, international, state聯邦法；國際法；州的法律➤clear清楚的法律◇The law is clear: bribery is wrong.法律規定很清楚：賄賂是違法的。➤unclear, vague不清晰的／模糊的法律➤harsh, strict, stringent, tough嚴酷的／嚴格的／嚴厲的／嚴苛的法律◇Environmental laws are strict about polluting precious water.環境法對珍貴水源的污染有嚴格的規定。➤discriminatory, unconstitutional, unjust歧視性／違憲的／不公正的法律◇We believe this law is unconstitutional.我們認為該法違憲。➤liberal寬鬆的法律➤restrictive限制性法律◇the passage of a restrictive immigration law in 19241924 年一項限制性移民法的通過➤Jewish, Talmudic猶太教法；《塔木德》法典➤Islamic, sharia伊斯蘭教教法VERB + LAW➤become成為法律◇A presidential veto prevented the bill from becoming law.總統的否決使該議案沒能成為法律。◇Parliament voted for the bill to become law.議會投票通過，使議案成為法律。➤apply, enforce, implement, uphold適用法律；執法；維法◇It's the job of the police to enforce the law.執法是警察的工作。➤follow, obey, observe, respect守法；尊重法律▸➤break, flout, violate違法；無視法律▸➤adopt, create, enact, introduce, pass通過法律；制訂法律；推行法律▸➤overturn, repeal廢止法律➤amend, change, reform, revise修正／改變／改革／修訂法律◇Congress amended the law in 1998.國會於 1998 年對該法進行了修正。➤draft, write起草／撰寫法律◇the legislators who drafted the law起草該法的立法人員➤interpret解釋法律◇Judges interpret this law in different ways.法官對這條法律的解釋各有不同。LAW + VERB➤allow sth, authorize sth, permit sth法律允許⋯／批準⋯／許可⋯➤recognize sth法律承認⋯◇a law recognizing civil unions for same-sex couples承認同性伴侶民事結合的法律➤ban sth, forbid sth, prohibit sth法律禁止⋯◇The law forbids gambling of any kind.法律禁止任何形式的賭博。➤limit sth, restrict sth法律限制⋯◇a law limiting the hours of work to ten hours per day禁止日工作時間超過 10 小時的法律➤criminalize sth法律規定⋯為犯罪◇Laws criminalizing same-sex relationships were ruled unconstitutional.規定同性戀關係為犯罪的法律被判違憲。➤mandate sth, require sth法律要求⋯◇The wearing of a crash helmet is required by law.法律要求必須佩戴安全帽。➤govern sth, regulate sth法律規定⋯◇the law governing school attendance規定就學的法律◇the laws regulating firearms槍械管理的相關法律➤apply to sb/sth, cover sb/sth法律適用於⋯／覆蓋⋯◇The law applies equally to businesses large and small.該法律同樣適用於所有公司，無論大小。LAW + NOUN➤court (BrE) (also court of law (BrE, , NAmE)) 法庭➤case, suit (usually lawsuit) 案件；訴訟◇lawsuits filed by women against employers婦女針對僱主提起的訴訟➤enforcement執法◇The building was raided by law enforcement agents.該大樓受到了執法人員的突擊搜查。➤violation (NAmE) 違法➤reform法律改革◇the broader implications of copyright law reform版權法改革的更廣泛意義➤clerk, partner (both NAmE) 律師助理；律師事務所合夥人➤office, practice (both NAmE) 律師事務所；法律實務◇She lost her job at a Boston law office.她丟掉了在波士頓一家律師事務所的工作。➤license (NAmE) 律師執照➤book, journal, review法律書籍／期刊／評論◇a room filled with law books滿是法律書籍的房間➤library法律圖書館PREPOSITION➤above the law淩駕於法律之上◇No one is above the law.任何人都不能淩駕於法律之上。➤against the law違法◇What you did was clearly against the law.你這樣做明顯違法。➤beyond the law超越法律◇individuals who are acting beyond the law超越法律行事的個人➤by law依據法律◇By law, you are obliged to install smoke alarms in the factory.依據法律，你有義務在工廠安裝煙霧報警器。➤outside the law不合法◇rebels who live outside the law非法的叛亂分子➤within the law在法律許可之內◇The company is operating entirely within the law.這家公司的運作完全是合法的。➤law against禁止⋯的法律◇a local law against keeping horses禁止養馬的地方法➤law concerning, law on, law regarding, law relating to關於⋯的法律；⋯法；與⋯相關的法律◇the law concerning industrial action ballots關於勞工行動投票的法律◇A law on hunting will cause a lot of disagreements.狩獵法將引起很多爭議。◇the laws regarding child actors兒童演員的相關法律◇the law relating to the sale of goods商品銷售的相關法律PHRASES➤as the law stands (BrE) 依照法律規定◇As the law stands, you can get married at sixteen.根據法律規定，16 歲就可以結婚。➤law and order法律與秩序◇Martial law was imposed to prevent the breakdown of law and order.為了防止治安陷入癱瘓，實施了戒嚴。➤the law of the land國家法律◇The Civil Rights Act of 1964 became the law of the land on July 2, 1964.1964 年的《民權法案》於 1964 年 7 月 2 日成為了國家法律。➤the letter of the law法律的字面意義◇In spite of the difficulties it would cause her family, the judge stuck to the letter of the law and jailed her.儘管會給她的家庭帶來困難，法官還是嚴格依據法律條文判她入獄。➤take the law into your own hands無視法律擅自處理◇When police failed to arrest the suspect, local people took the law into their own hands.由於警察沒有逮捕嫌疑人，當地的人們便擅自處理。
law

noun²

 2subject of study/profession法學；律師行業VERB + LAW | LAW + NOUN VERB + LAW➤practise/practice當律師LAW + NOUN➤firm律師事務所➤school (NAmE) (BrE) 法學院◇She's in law school. (NAmE) 她在法學院就讀。◇She's at law school. (BrE) 她在法學院就讀。  ➡ note at subject (for more verbs and nouns)
IELTS BNC: 278 COCA: 287
law noun
⇨ law (against the law) ⇨ principle 2 (moral laws) ⇨ rule (strict gun laws) ⇨ theory 1 (Newton's laws) ⇨ lay down the law ⇨ dictate to sb phrasal verb ⇨ law and order, the rule of law ⇨ peace law

noun

law ♦︎ legislation ♦︎ constitution ♦︎ code ♦︎ charterThese are all words for a system or set of rules or principles which govern a country or organization. 這些詞均表示國家的法律法規或機構的章程。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆legislation / a charter on sth◆under / in the legislation / constitution / code / charter◆(a) draft legislation / constitution / code / charter◆(the) civil / criminal law / legislation / code◆(the) state / federal law / legislation / constitution◆to draw up / draft / adopt / approve / amend legislation / a constitution / a code / a charter◆to break the law / a code◆to contravene legislation / a constitution / a code◆to be enshrined in law / legislation / the constitution / a charter◆the law / legislation / the constitution forbids sth◆legislation / the constitution / a charter guarantees sth■ law ( the law) [uncountable] the system of rules that everyone in a country or society must obey; a particular branch of this system 法律（體系）；法規◆In Sweden it is against the law to hit a child.在瑞典打孩子是違法的。◆Defence attorneys can use any means within the law to get their client off.辯護律師可以在法律允許的範圍内利用任何手段使當事人免於處罰。◆British schools are now required by law to publish their exam results.按現行法律規定，英國的學校須公布考試結果。◆The reforms have recently become law.最近已立法保證這些改革措施。◆He specializes in international law.他專攻國際法。  see also law ⇨ rule noun ■ legislation ˌledʒɪsˈleɪʃn [uncountable] a law or set of laws passed by a parliament 法規；法律◆The civil rights campaign resulted in legislation against segregation.那次民權運動的結果是通過了反對隔離的法規。◆There were calls for legislation to ban smoking in public places.人們呼籲立法禁止在公共場所吸煙。◆The government is trying to push through a controversial piece of legislation.政府正試圖通過一項有爭議的法規。  see also legislate ⇨ rule verb 2 ■ constitution ˌkɒnstɪˈtjuːʃn; NAmE ˌkɑːnstəˈtuːʃn [countable] the system of laws and basic principles that a state, country or organization is governed by 憲法；章程◆These rights are established in the federal constitution.這些權利是聯邦憲法中所規定的。◆A two-thirds majority is needed to amend the club's constitution.俱樂部章程的修訂需經三分之二的俱樂部成員同意。■ code [countable] a system of laws or written rules that state how people in an organization or country should behave 法典；法規；規定◆The company has drawn up a new disciplinary code.公司已經起草了一項新的紀律規定。◆The law includes amendments to the penal code.該法律包括幾條刑法修正案。■ charter [countable] a written statement describing the rights that a particular group of people should have; a written statement of the principles and aims of an organization 權利憲章；規章；章程◆He fought for a social charter of workers' rights.他爲出台一部保障工人權利的社會憲章而鬥爭。◆Minority rights are protected by the UN charter.少數族裔的權利受到聯合國憲章的保護。
IELTS BNC: 278 COCA: 287

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