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IELTS BNC: 831 COCA: 1038

total

Word family 
to·tal1 /ˈtəʊtl $ ˈtoʊ-/ ●●● S1 W1 adjectiveadj  
1  [usually before noun]COMPLETE complete, or as great as is possible 完全的，彻底的
total failure/disaster
 The sales campaign was a total disaster.
那次促销活动彻底搞砸了。
 a total ban on cigarette advertising
香烟广告的全面禁止
 He looked at her with a total lack of comprehension.
他一头雾水地望着她。
 a sport that demands total commitment
需要全身心投入的体育运动
2  total number/amount/cost etc HMNTOTALthe number, amount etc that is the total 总数/总量/总成本等
 total sales of 200,000 per year
每年20万的销售总额
 Her total income was £10,000 a year.
她一年的总收入是1万英镑。
Examples from the Corpus
total number/amount/cost etc• Additional disk space is a dollar or two per megabyte per month, depending on total amount.• The total cost has been several million pounds more than budgeted.• Microcell bid only in southern Ontario for a total cost of $ 19.2-million.• The total amount of contributions and tax paid by each employee is entered on the P35.• The total number of jobless rose to 615,830 from 609,670.• Multiply the number of widths by the number of pattern repeats per drop to give the total number of pattern repeats required.• The total number of registered voters was 1,732,000 aged 16 and over.
Examples from the Corpus
total• The union convened in 1873 in Cincinnati and quickly grew to encompass one hundred synagogues, half the national total.• Roller skis provide an excellent total body workout.• The Performing Arts Department's total budget for the year was $6.3 million.• The company was in total chaos before Richards arrived.• The total cost was far higher than we had expected.• But Daedalus wonders what breathable foam would be like as a total environment.• There is much to be said for moving away from total government ownership.• Students have a free choice deciding on five honours subjects, which are chosen from a total list of about thirty.• Four sectors lost a total of 5,300 jobs.• People of Chinese origin made up about 10% of the total population.• Today the rate of increase in food production has exceeded the rate of increase in the total world population.
total failure/disaster• Miss Bingham's first band session was rather less than absolutely fabulous; in fact it was a total disaster.• Now she finally had to admit that it had all been a total failure.• The answer may be one or both of these and only a careful rescue package can avert a total disaster.• This work must be well organised and error-free on the night or the result will be total failure.• But they must also provide powerful facilities to reduce the proportion of total failures and to aid demanding and persistent users.• A small indulgence is viewed as a total failure, and uncontrolled rebound eating follows.• The risk of total failure is, of course, part of the price of love.
total2 ●●● S2 W2 noun [countableC]  
1  TOTALthe final number or amount of things, people etc when everything has been counted 总数，总量，总额
 That’s £7 and £3.50, so the total is £10.50.
7英镑加上3.50英镑，所以总数是10.50英镑。
a total of 20/100 etc
 A total of thirteen meetings were held to discuss the issue.
总共举行了13次会议来讨论该议题。
in total
 There were probably about 40 people there in total.
总共可能有40人左右。
the sum total (=the whole of an amount when everything is considered together) 全部，总数
2  grand total 
a) BFTOTALthe final total, including all the totals added together 总计 → subtotal
b) TOTALused humorously when you think the final total is small 〔自认为很小的〕总数〔幽默用法〕
 I earned a grand total of $4.15.
我总共才挣了4.15美元。
Examples from the Corpus
grand total• It would be boring work, and they would earn a grand total of I credit for all their pains.• Each of the 96 subjects did the experiment twice, giving a grand total of 192 repetitions of the experiment.• He was earning $ 4. 70 an hour and taking home a grand total of $ 50 a week.• A great day for the new committee, resulting in a grand total of £475.• We are delighted and thrilled with the enthusiasm and ingenuity you have displayed while producing a grand total of over £2,500.• A grand total of six people showed up for the lecture.• In 10 years with Llanelli his grand total of games was a miserly 260.• That brings the grand total to $ 212,645.• They worked like hurricane-lamps and had cost the grand total of three dollars in Hanoi market.• The grand total for both meals was $6.73.
n COLLOCATIONS
verbs
make a total of 100 etc
The £1,750 raised by staff has been matched by the company, making a total of £3,500.
bring the total to 100 etc
Police arrested more than 200 protesters yesterday, bringing the total detained to nearly 500.
add to a total
He wants to add to his total of three Olympic gold medals.
adjectives
the final total
Mrs Menzies said the final total could be as much as £750.
the sum total (=the whole of an amount, when everything is added together)
This was the sum total of her grandfather's possessions.
a combined/overall total (=the sum of two or more amounts added together)
The Jones family has a combined total of 143 years' service with the company.
an annual/monthly/weekly/daily total
The Government plans to increase the annual total of 2,500 adoptions by up to 50%.
Examples from the Corpus
total• The three defendants were jailed for a total of 30 years.• Sentences were increased from a total of 72 years to 260 years in prison.• Some 250 staff will leave Maddox as a result, leaving a total of approximately 200.• The Colorado researchers tested a total of 104 people in nine families, each with at least two schizophrenics.• David Hunt yesterday welcomed the first 42 projects in a package of aid worth a total of £21.8m.• A total of $950 million was spent on the new transportation system.• The seasonally adjusted total was nevertheless better than expected.• Citation totals - the large numbers of incremental additions to the sum of human knowledge.• This would serve also to reduce the increasingly high percentage of extras in innings totals.• Cambridgeshire are 134 for 6 after 55 in reply to Northants' total of 234 for 4.• If you add 30 and 45 the total is 75.• A company spokesperson said 28,000 jobs or 70% of the total will be cut.• You had 29 points plus 33 points, so the total is 62.
a total of 20/100 etc• The annular tank providing the weight was filled with granite chippings, to make a total of 20 tons.• They take the user from very simple counting and progress to adding two numbers up to a total of 20.• More than 40 people went before Judge E.. Mac Amos with a total of 100 misdemeanor offenses.
Related topics: Finance, Motor vehicles
total3 ●●○ verb (totalled, totalling British EnglishBrE, totaled, totaling American EnglishAmE)  
1  [linking verb, transitiveT]BFTOTAL to reach a particular total 总数为，共计
 The group had losses totalling $3 million this year.
该集团今年总计亏损300万美元。
 Register
Total is used especially in journalism. In everyday English, people usually say that something makes or adds up to a particular total: total尤用于新闻报道。在日常英语中人们一般用make或add up to
Three and six make nine.
三加六得九。
2  [transitiveT] especially American EnglishAmE informalTTCDAMAGE to damage a car so badly that it cannot be repaired 彻底毁坏〔汽车〕
 Chuck totaled his dad’s new Toyota.
查克把他爸爸那辆新丰田给毁了。
3 total something ↔ up phrasal verbphr v COUNT/CALCULATEto find the total number or total amount of something by adding 计算…的总和，把…相加起来
 At the end of the game, total up everyone’s score to see who has won.
游戏结束时把每个人的得分加起来，看看是谁赢了。
Examples from the Corpus
total up• Nationally, the total is up 1,056,000 on April, 1990, when it first started expanding.• Like - for - like sales at Superdrug were up 5.6 per cent, while total sales were up 8.4 per cent.• Chiefly, by his total dedication.• Dividends total 5p, up a penny, with a 3.75p final.• S. revenues were 44 percent of total revenues, up dramatically from 24 percent in 1985.• Women constitute almost 58 percent of the total work-force, up from 45 percent in the seventies.• The total may go up or down under negotiation.• It's total pandemonium up there.
Examples from the Corpus
total• An equivalent drop today would total 1,800 points.• This means that interest payments on a £50,000 mortgage over the past three years totalled £10,682.76.• The number of people included in the study totalled 170.• The company was forced to pay fines and penalties totalling $24.8.• The quantity of hazardous waste sent out-of-state for treatment totals 252,460 metric tons.• Contributions totaled $28,000.• This is some way short of percentages in recent years like 1990 for example, when the amount totalled 30 percent of sales.• Up to four Xplorer systems, totalling 64 processors, also can be connected.• The truck was totaled, but no one was hurt.• Since then, however, there has been a decline in numbers and in 1981-2 enrolments totalled some 5,400.
Totaln trademark  
n1.a chain of petrol stations in the UK, owned by the European company TotalFinaElf
From Longman Business Dictionary
totalto·tal1 /ˈtəʊtlˈtoʊ-/ adjectiveadj [only before a noun]
with everything added together
The total cost of the project is put at £450 million.
a company with total sales of £12 billion last year
His total income is around £40,000.
totaltotal2 noun [countableC]
the final number or amount of things when everything has been counted or added together
What does the total come to?
We expect to raise a total of £3.6 million.
The jobless total is steadily increasing.
totaltotal3 verb (totalled, totalling British EnglishBrE, totaled, totaling) American EnglishAmE [transitiveT]
to add up to a particular total
Last year their sales totalled £364 million.
The company has debts totaling $7.9 million.
In order to receive benefits your savings must total less than £6,000.
Origin total1
(1300-1400) Old French Medieval Latin totalis, from Latin totus “whole”
to·tal1 adjectiveadjtotal2 noun →n COLLOCATIONS1total3 verb →REGISTER1Totaln
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