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TOEFL IELTS BNC: 4287 COCA: 5194

distress

Word family 
dis·tress1 /dɪˈstres/ ●●○ noun [uncountableU]
1  EXTREME WORRYUPSETa feeling of extreme unhappiness 憂慮，苦惱，悲傷
Luke’s behaviour caused his parents great distress.
盧克的行爲使他的父母深感憂慮。
in distress
The girl was crying and clearly in distress.
那女孩哭着，顯然很悲傷。
2  LACK OF MONEY/FOODPOORsuffering and problems caused by a lack of money, food etc 貧困，困苦
acute financial distress
嚴重的財務困難
in distress
charities that aid families in distress
救助貧困家庭的慈善機構
3. PAIN formal great physical pain 〔肉體的〕劇痛
4  a situation when a ship, aircraft etc is in danger and needs help 〔船、飛機等的〕遇難，遇險
We picked up a distress signal 6 km away.
我們收到六公裏外發出的遇難信號。
in distress
The ship is in distress.
船遇險了。
Examples from the Corpus
distress• Symptoms of panic attacks can include chest pain and abdominal distress.• It is imperative that these claims are dealt with discreetly to avoid any distress to the deceased's relatives.• The Home Office tried to ban the interview on the grounds it might cause distress to relatives of Nilsen's victims.• Breaking of a habit, or the disruption of a routine, can cause the horse considerable distress.• Children suffer emotional distress when their parents divorce.• The long railway journey added to his distress.• Edwards's uncle Joseph Hawley in distress searched his soul until the devil sent a despairing thought.• The sun became relentlessly hot, adding dehydration to my distress.• Social distress - a restricted, inadequate or disturbed individual whose social performance is in some way leading to personal difficulties.• They had the effect of diminishing the force of the decree, to the distress of non-Catholic observers.
in distress• The girl was crying and clearly in distress.• The Family Shelter meets the needs of families in distress.
distress signal• Even if the means could be found, there were reasons why they might never attempt to beam a distress signal into space.• On a given distress signal from him, or from anyone close to him, I was to post them off.• Failing all this, raising and lowering your outstretched arms at your side is an accepted international distress signal.• They act like linguistic distress signals.
distress2 ●○○ verb [transitiveT]
UPSETto make someone feel very upset 使傷心，使不安，使憂慮
The dream had distressed her greatly.
這場夢使她深感不安。
Examples from the Corpus
distress• The number of young men who called asking for Marie distressed her mother.• It distressed him to see Susie cry.• The prospect of a painful death distresses most people.
From Longman Business Dictionary
distressdis·tress /dɪˈstres/ noun [uncountableU]
LAW when someone’s goods are taken with the permission of a court of law so that they can be sold to pay unpaid rent, bills etc
The corporation had a power of absolute and immediate distress in the event of non-payment of dues.
Origin distress1
(1200-1300) Old French destresse, from Latin districtus, past participle of distringere “to pull apart, prevent from acting or leaving”
dis·tress1 noundistress2 verb
Syllable
Corpus
TOEFL IELTS BNC: 4287 COCA: 5194
distress

noun

ADJECTIVE | VERB + DISTRESS | DISTRESS + NOUN | PREPOSITION | PHRASES ADJECTIVE➤acute, considerable, deep, extreme, great, immense, severe, significant極端的痛苦；深深的憂傷；巨大的創痛；苦楚滿腹；苦不堪言▸➤genuine, real真正的痛苦➤obvious明顯的悲傷▸➤unnecessary (especially BrE) 不必要的憂傷➤general一般的痛苦▸➤emotional, mental, moral, personal, physical, psychological感情上的痛苦；精神痛苦；個人的憂傷；皮肉之苦；心理上的痛苦◇the physical distress of hunger飢餓之苦◇the personal distress associated with unemployment失業引致的個人愁苦➤economic, financial, social經濟困境；財政困難；社會困境◇The causes of social distress include inadequate housing.造成社會困境的原因包括住房不足。➤marital, relationship (both NAmE) 婚姻／情感困境◇an unhappy young couple in acute relationship distress一對處於嚴重情感困境的不快樂的年輕夫婦VERB + DISTRESS➤cause (sb)造成（某人）痛苦▸➤experience, feel, suffer經歷痛苦；感到苦惱；遭受痛苦◇the distress that she felt when her parents argued她父母爭吵時她感到的苦惱◇The animals suffer great pain and distress when hunted.動物被獵捕時會遭受巨大的痛苦。➤show (signs of)表現出悲痛（跡象）◇She seemed calm and showed no signs of distress.她似乎很平靜，看不出任何悲痛的跡象。➤hide隱藏痛苦◇He tried to hide his distress, but the tremor in his voice was unmistakable.他盡力掩飾自己的悲痛，但是顫抖的聲音卻無疑表明了一切。➤express表達悲哀◇Hall expressed his distress at the court's failure to uphold his rights.霍爾對法庭沒能維護他的權利表達了悲哀。➤avoid避免痛苦➤alleviate, ease, reduce, relieve減輕／緩和／減少／消除痛苦➤see, sense看出／覺察到痛苦◇She saw the distress in Christy's eyes.她從克裏斯蒂的眼中看到了痛苦。◇Sensing her distress, Luke walked over and patted her shoulder.盧克感到她在痛苦之中，於是走過去拍了拍她的肩膀。DISTRESS + NOUN➤call, signal遇險信號；求救信號◇The sinking ship sent out a distress call.下沉的船隻發出遇險信號。PREPOSITION➤in distress在危險中◇The child was clearly in distress.孩子顯然處於危險之中。◇a ship in distress遇險的船➤to sb's distress令某人苦惱的是◇He dropped out of college, to his family's distress.他退學了，這讓他的家人很苦惱。➤distress at因⋯而悲痛◇her obvious distress at hearing such bad news聽到這麼壞的消息時她臉上明顯的悲痛➤distress over因⋯的悲痛◇The president issued a statement expressing her distress over the affair.總統發表聲明表達她對這件事的悲痛。PHRASES➤a damsel in distress落難女子◇medieval ballads about a knight saving a damsel in distress關於騎士搭救落難女子的中世紀民謠➤a source of distress苦惱的來源◇Getting old is a source of distress to men as well as women.不管是男人還是女人，變老同樣都是造成其苦惱的一個原因。
TOEFL IELTS BNC: 4287 COCA: 5194
distress verb
⇨ hurt 1 distress

noun

distress ♦︎ pain ♦︎ suffering ♦︎ anguish ♦︎ torture ♦︎ agony ♦︎ hurt ♦︎ miseryThese are all words for a feeling of great unhappiness that you get when you are hurt emotionally by sth that happens or what sb does or says. 這些詞均表示感情上的巨大傷痛。SYNONYM SCALE 詞義標尺 下圖顯示這些詞所表達傷痛的程度
distress➔anguish➔torture
painmiseryagony
suffering
hurt
PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆distress / pain / anguish / hurt / misery at sth◆in distress / pain / anguish / agony / misery◆great distress / pain / suffering / anguish / agony / hurt / misery◆real distress / pain / suffering / anguish / torture / hurt / misery◆sheer / absolute torture / agony / misery◆physical / emotional distress / pain / suffering / anguish / torture / agony / hurt◆mental distress / pain / suffering / anguish / torture / agony◆personal distress / pain / suffering / anguish / agony / hurt / misery◆to endure the distress / pain / suffering / torture / agony / misery◆to bear the pain / suffering / anguish / torture / misery◆to go through pain / suffering / anguish / torture / agony / misery◆to suffer distress / pain / anguish / torture / agony / hurt / misery◆to inflict pain / suffering / anguish / torture / agony / hurt / misery◆to cause (sb) distress / pain / suffering / anguish / agony / hurt / misery◆to spare sb the distress / pain / anguish / torture / agony / misery◆to ease sb's distress / pain / suffering / anguish / agony / misery■ distress [uncountable] a feeling of great unhappiness or worry caused by sth unpleasant that has happened to you or that you think might happen 憂慮；悲傷；痛苦◆He was obviously in distress after the attack.他受到攻擊後顯然很痛苦。◆The newspaper article caused the actor considerable distress.報上的文章給這名演員帶來很大痛苦。  see also distress ⇨ hurt verb 1 , distressed ⇨ upset , distressing ⇨ painful 2 ■ pain [uncountable] a feeling of great unhappiness caused by sth unpleasant that has happened to you or that sb has done or said 痛苦；心靈受創◆The pain of separation remained intense.離别的痛苦依然很強烈。◆She had never meant to cause him any pain.她從不想傷害他的感情。ⓘ Pain can also be a physical feeling. * pain也可指身體上的疼痛。   see also pain ⇨ pain OPP pleasure ⇨ fun , pleasure ⇨ pleasure   see also pain ⇨ hurt verb 1 , painful ⇨ painful 2 ■ suffering [uncountable] a feeling of great unhappiness caused by sth unpleasant that has happened to you, sometimes involving being without a home, money, food or safety 痛苦；折磨；苦難◆The taunts of her schoolmates caused her intense mental suffering.校友們的辱罵給她帶來極大的精神痛苦。◆This war has caused widespread human suffering.這場戰爭給許許多多的人帶來了苦難。ⓘ Suffering can also be a physical feeling. * suffering也可指身體上的疼痛。   see also suffering ⇨ pain NOTE 辨析 Distress, pain or suffering?These are all words for a feeling of great unhappiness. Distress can also be a feeling of worry. 這些詞都指痛苦的感受，其中distress還可指憂慮◆I was in such distress, wondering what had happened to them.不知道他們出了什麽事，我陷入了深深的憂慮。◆I was in such pain/suffering, wondering what had happened to them. Both pain and suffering can also be physical and sometimes they can be both physcial and emotional at the same time. * pain和suffering都可指身體上的痛苦，有時還指身體和情感上同時受苦◆It was a life full of pain and suffering.那是一種充滿痛苦與折磨的生活。 Pain is used especially when the hurt is more individual and the cause more personal, such as the death of a loved one or sth unkind that sb has said or done to you. Suffering is used especially when the hurt affects a large number of people and is caused by sth on a larger scale such as a war or natural disaster. * pain尤指個人的痛苦，或痛苦原因與私人生活有關，如親人去世，或别人的言行不友善帶來的傷害。suffering尤指受害人數衆多或由影響範圍大的事件（如戰爭或自然災害）引發的痛苦。 ■ anguish ˈæŋgwɪʃ [uncountable] (rather formal) great suffering, especially emotional suffering （尤指精神上的）強烈痛苦，折磨◆Tears of anguish filled her eyes.她雙眸噙滿了傷心的淚水。◆He groaned in anguish.他痛苦地呻吟。   see also anguished ⇨ upset ■ torture ˈtɔːtʃə(r); NAmE ˈtɔːrtʃər [uncountable] (informal) extreme suffering, especially emotional suffering; sth that causes this （精神上的）極大痛苦，折磨；折磨人的事◆Falling in love with a man she could never have was exquisite torture.愛上一個永遠得不到的男人是她極大的痛苦。◆The interview was sheer torture from start to finish.這次面試從頭至尾都使人備受煎熬。ⓘ Torture is the only word in this group that cannot be used after 'in'. * torture是本組同義詞中唯一不能用於介詞in之後的詞◆He cried out in torture. ■ agony ˈægəni [uncountable, countable] extreme emotional suffering; sth that causes this （精神上的）極大痛苦；帶來痛苦的事◆It was agony not knowing where the children were.孩子們下落不明，真讓人揪心。◆She waited in an agony of suspense.她提心吊膽地等待着。◆The worst agonies of the war were now beginning.戰爭最深重的苦難現在開始了。ⓘ Agony can also be physical pain. * agony也可指身體上的疼痛。   see also agony ⇨ pain ■ hurt [uncountable, singular] (rather informal) a feeling of unhappiness because sb has been unkind or unfair to you 心靈創傷；委屈◆There was hurt and real anger in her voice.從她的聲音可以聽出，她既難過又真的生氣。◆It was a hurt that would take a long time to heal.那是需要很長時間才能愈合的心靈創傷。   see also hurt ⇨ hurt verb 1 , hurt ⇨ upset adj. , hurtful ⇨ mean adj. 1 ■ misery ˈmɪzəri [uncountable, countable] great suffering, especially emotional suffering, that lasts a long time; a very unpleasant experience or situation in which people suffer very much （長期的情感）痛苦；悲慘的遭遇（或境況）◆Fame brought her nothing but misery.名聲給她帶來的僅是痛苦而已。◆The bad news had plunged him into abject misery.那一壞消息使他陷入了極度的痛苦。◆ (BrE) My old boss used to make my life a misery.我以前的老板經常讓我陷入水深火熱之中。ⓘ In American English say make my life miserable. 在美式英語中要說make my life miserable。   see also miserable ⇨ negative , miserable ⇨ unhappy 1 NOTE 辨析 Anguish, torture, agony or misery?The main differences between these words are the degree of suffering and the level of formality. Agony suggests the most suffering. Torture also suggests extreme suffering, but it is used in informal spoken English in an exaggerated way: the situations that cause the torture may not in fact be very serious. Anguish is a rather formal word and is slightly less extreme than agony and torture. Misery may be less intense suffering but it may last a much longer time. 這四個詞的主要區别在於所表示痛苦的程度和語言的正式程度不同。agony表示的痛苦程度最強；torture也表示極端痛苦，但會用於非正式口語以示誇張，造成痛苦的情況不一定真的很嚴重；anguish相當正式，其痛苦程度比agony和torture稍弱；misery所指的痛苦可能不太強烈，但持續的時間則可能長得多。
TOEFL IELTS BNC: 4287 COCA: 5194
distress
Sadness and unhappiness: sadness, depression, grief...
Feelings of worry and nervousness: worry, concern, stress...
Pain and pains: ache, agony, anguish...
Vehicle accidents and breakdowns: accident, aquaplane, bang up...
Difficult situations and experiences: crisis, battle, nightmare...
To make someone feel sad or upset: upset, wound, disturb...
To make someone worried or nervous: worry, concern, tear apart...

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