INCLUDEused to introduce something or someone that is part of a larger group or amount you have just mentioned 包括(其中)OPP excluding
The price is £25.50, including postage and packing.
价钱是25.5英镑,含邮费和包装费。
You’ll need a variety of skills, including leadership and negotiating.
你将需要各种技巧,包括领导能力和协商能力。
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In written or business English, people often prefer to use excluding rather than not including, as it sounds more formal: 在书面或商务英语中,人们一般更喜欢用excluding,而不用not including,因前者听上去更为正式
The cost is $49.95 excluding tax.
不含税的费用为49.95美元。
Examples from the Corpus
including• Not includingcassettes, he has eight thousand albums in his collection.• They stole everything in my purse, including my credit cards.• There's about twenty of us, including the instructors.• Includingweekends, there are only twelve more shopping days until Christmas.• There'll be eighteen people at the party, including you and me.