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TOEFL IELTS BNC: 653 COCA: 806

standard

Word family 
Related topics: Music, Daily life
stan·dard1 /ˈstændəd $ -ərd/ ●●● S2 W2 noun
1  level of quality/achievement 質量水平/成就高低 [countableC, uncountableU]LEVEL the level that is considered to be acceptable, or the level that someone or something has achieved 水平；水準；標準
Students have to reach a certain standard or they won’t pass.
學生必須達到某一標準，否則無法通過。
The airline has rigorous safety standards.
這家航空公司有嚴格的安全標準。
standard of
The committee is assessing the standard of care in local hospitals.
委員會正在評估當地醫院的護理水準。
2  MORAL PRINCIPLES 道德原則standards [plural] moral principles about what kind of behaviour or attitudes are acceptable 道德水準，行爲標準
the recent decline in moral standards
近來道德水準的下降
standards fall/slip/go down
Standards have slipped since I was a boy.
從我小時候起，行爲標準就已經降低了。
Examples from the Corpus
moral standards• The central concern for all these groups is with what they perceive to be declining moral standards.• There is no requirement that harm be sustained before the law may intervene to lay down moral standards.• Religions frequently fail to live up to their high moral standards.• High moral standards and all that.• He feared that in the absence of moral standards, workers could be abused and exploited.• He has dumped several party members for violating his personal moral standards.• By the moral standards of some of the bargainers the claims of some of the others may be immoral.• The need to survive, which always dictates the moral standards of society, once more underlined the role of the women.
3  measurement 計量,測量 [countableC]USUALLY a fixed official rule for measuring weight, purity, value etc 〔重量、純度、價值等的〕標準，基準
an official government standard for the purity of silver
白銀純度的政府法定標準
4  song 歌曲 [countableC]APM a popular song that has been sung by many different singers 〔很多歌星演唱過的〕流行歌曲
popular jazz standards
被多人翻唱過的爵士流行歌曲
5  flag 旗 [countableC] old-fashionedD a flag used in ceremonies 儀式用旗幟
the royal standard
王室的旗幟
→ double standard, living standard
 COLLOCATIONS
verbs
meet/reach a standard 達到標準
Many food businesses fail to meet basic standards of hygiene.
許多食品企業未能達到基本的衛生標準。
set/lay down a standard 制定標準
The government sets standards that all hospitals must reach.
政府制定了所有醫院都必須達到的標準。
raise/improve standards 提高標準
We are determined to raise standards in our schools.
我們決心提高我們各所學校的水準。
lower standards 降低標準
He refused to lower his standards.
他拒絕降低自己的標準。
maintain standards (=keep them at a good level) 保持水準
nTelevision companies should maintain standards of taste and decency.
standards improve 水準提高
nThe standard of this festival improves every year.
standards fall/slip/decline 水準降低/下滑/下降
nSchool inspectors say that educational standards have fallen.
ADJECTIVES/NOUN + standard
high/good 高的/好的
The standard of their work was generally very high.
他們的工作水準通常很高。
low/poor 低的/差的
The report says the standard of children’s diet in Britain is poor.
報道稱英國兒童的飲食標準很低。
acceptable 可接受的
All too often their behaviour has fallen below acceptable standards.
他們的行爲有太多的時候都達不到可接受的標準。
stringent/strict/rigorous/tough standards (=high standards that are difficult to reach) 嚴格的/嚴厲的標準
nThe Marines’ rigorous standards mean that only a small proportion of applicants are successful.
international standards 國際標準
nClearly there is a need for international standards to be laid down to govern food safety.
safety/hygiene/quality etc standards 安全/衛生/質量等標準
nAll our products meet the current safety standards.
academic/educational standards 學術/教育水準
nThere had been a policy of raising academic standards within the school.
nenvironmental standards (=to protect the environment)
They called on the Indian government to apply stricter environmental standards.
nprofessional standards (=within a particular profession)
The institutions have an evident interest in maintaining professional standards.
living standards (also standard of living) (=the level of comfort and the amount of money people have) 生活水準
nLiving standards at all income levels improved over that period.
phrases
an improvement/rise in standards 標準的提升
There has been an improvement in living standards.
生活水準已有所提高。
a decline/drop in standards 標準的下降
nThere has been a general decline in standards of literacy among undergraduates.
be/come up to standard (=be good enough) 達到標準
Her work was not up to standard.
她的工作未能達到標準。
be below standard (=not be good enough) 未達到標準
His performance yesterday was below standard.
他昨天的表現沒有達到標準。
by modern standards/today’s standards 按現代的標準/今天的標準
The technology was crude by modern standards.
這項工藝按現代的標準來看是粗糙的。
by our standards (=judging by what we are used to) 按我們的標準
nThe equipment was very old-fashioned by our standards.
by British/African etc standards 按英國/非洲等的標準
nClass sizes are small by British standards.
Examples from the Corpus
standard• If the pilot has not been trained to normal airline standards, he will not be employed by us.• The organisation published a draft standard on computer graphics at the end of March.• Judges remarked on the high standard of this year's entries.• All his work is of a very high standard.• The industry standard of temperature for shipping produce is 41 degrees Fahrenheit.• Ministers have shifted their focus from primary standards to the lack of pupil progress at key stage 3.• Months of wrangling over new production standards for the vaccine and new inspection procedures followed.• Air quality standards vary from state to state.• Safety standards are simply not being maintained.• They need a person who sets standards of competence and integrity to be aimed at.• In reading tests, 15% of school students were found to be below the standard for their age.• Many Europeans who consider themselves to be poor are rich by the standards of some Third World countries.• Shakespeare is the standard against which all playwrights must be measured.• I'm afraid you haven't quite reached the standard required for the job.• The standard of workmanship on this table is extraordinarily high.• I'm afraid your driving isn't yet up to standard.• Similarly, your internal editor insists that you create documents based on equally arbitrary and unattainable standards.• Many of them are of a Victorian standard and need considerable investment.
standard of• The agency establishes and enforces standards of food production.
Related topics: Education, Linguistics
standard2 ●●● S2 W2 adjectiveadj
1  NORMALUSUALLYaccepted as normal or usual 正常的；標準的；普通的；普遍接受的
We paid them the standard rate.
我們付給他們標準工資。
standard practice/procedure (=the usual way of doing things) 例行做法/程序
Searching luggage at airports is now standard practice.
機場的行李檢查現在是例行做法了。
The format is fairly standard.
這個格式是比較標準的。
► see thesaurus at normal
2  USUALLYregular and usual in shape, size, quality etc 〔形狀、大小、質量等〕標準的 OPP non-standard
We make shoes in standard and wide sizes.
我們制造標準碼和加寬碼的鞋子。
All these vans are made to a standard design.
這些客貨兩用車均按標準設計制造。
3. SEa standard book, work etc is read by everyone studying a particular subject 〔書、作品等〕公認爲標準的，權威的
4  SLthe standard form of a language is the one considered to be correct and is used by most people 〔語言〕標準的，規範的 OPP non-standard
the standard spelling
規範的拼法
standard English pronunciation
標準英語發音
Examples from the Corpus
standard• Most industrial/commercial concerns will have such standard costs calculated for their ranges of products.• Students are encouraged to learn standard English because this is what they will need to know in the business world.• Supermarkets typically have six standard food departments.• A work week of forty hours is standard in the U.S.• You must know the rules and be familiar with standard market terminology.• Prices start at $15,489 for the standard model.• Letters can be compiled from standard paragraphs stored in the memory.• All hand-baggage was X-rayed - this is now standard practice at most airports.• Drug tests are a standard procedure following train accidents.• In telephone and face-to-face selling standard sales pitches are used, regardless of the specific needs of the customer.• standard size paper• We make shoes in all standard sizes.
standard practice/procedure• Probyn's technique, controversial though it has been, was once virtually standard practice.• Such abbreviated language is standard practice and will be widely adopted in the remainder of this book.• This is standard practice, but such an event is unlikely.• Win had also used a false name through the years, standard practice for officers engaged in covert work.• Bail conditions appear also to have become a standard practice in public order cases.• The first is the wide variation in specification and finish that are standard practice in the motor industry.• Again this is a standard procedure throughout Grimes.• One standard procedure would be to see if your inspectors' judgments matched other evidence.
The StandardStandard, Then
n → Evening Standard, The
From Longman Business Dictionary
standardstan·dard1 /ˈstændəd-ərd/ noun
1[countableC, uncountableU] a level of quality, skill, ability, or achievement by which someone or something is judged, and that is considered good enough to be acceptable
The airline has rigorous (=very strict) safety standards.
standard of
We take pride in the high standards of service offered to clients.
Her work was not up to standard (=good enough).
The Law Council sets standards for equal opportunity in the legal profession.
2[countableC] something you use to compare one thing with another
by somebody’s standards
By American standards, her salary is pretty low.
3[countableC] a fixed official measure of weight, purity, value etc
an official government standard for the purity of silver
→ accounting standard → CAT standard → gold standard → monetary standard → Trading Standards
standardstandard2 adjectiveadj
1accepted as normal or usual
It’s standard practice (=the usual way of doing things) to employ people on a freelance basis.
We paid them the standard rate for the job.
2regular and usual in shape, size, quality etc
We make shoes in standard and wide sizes.
All these vans are made to a standard design.
Origin standard1
(1100-1200) Old French estandard “battle-flag”
TOEFL IELTS BNC: 653 COCA: 806
standard

noun¹

 1level of quality質量等級ADJECTIVE | VERB + STANDARD | PREPOSITION | PHRASES ADJECTIVE➤high高水平▸➤low, poor低水平；糟糕的質量▸➤certain, minimum某個／最低水平◇Players have to be of a certain standard to compete in the tournament.選手們必須達到一定水平才能參加錦標賽。➤acceptable, adequate, decent, proper, reasonable可接受的／足夠的／尚可的／適當的／合理的水平◇We must ensure proper standards of care for the elderly.我們必須確保老年人得到適當的照料。◇a decent standard of living體面的生活水平➤improved, rising業已改善的／正在提高的水平➤new新標準◇He set a new standard of excellence in detective fiction.他為優秀偵探小說設立了新標準。➤current, modern目前的／現代的標準◇The houses need to be brought up to modern standards.房屋需要提高到現代標準。➤historical歷史水平▸➤clear明確的標準▸➤objective客觀標準◇Judged by any objective standards, the campaign was a disaster.不論從哪個客觀標準看，這次活動都是一場災難。➤accepted, official, required (especially BrE) 採用的／官方的／規定的標準▸➤conventional, usual一般／通常標準▸➤common, consistent, uniform, universal常見／一貫／統一／通用標準◇They will adopt common standards for dealing with asylum applications.他們將採用通常標準處理避難申請。➤exacting, rigorous, strict, stringent嚴格的標準；苛刻的標準➤gold (figurative) 黃金標準◇Charles Schulz's 'Peanuts' is the gold standard for comic strips.查爾斯・舒爾茨的《花生漫畫》是連環漫畫的黃金標準。◇The newspaper has to offer a gold standard for journalistic integrity.報界必須提出新聞誠信的黃金標準。➤professional專業（化）標準◇The work has been done to a professional standard.這項工作已經達到了專業水準。➤federal, international, national, state (NAmE) 聯邦標準；國際標準；國家標準；州標準▸➤quality質量標準◇We have to try and achieve the quality standards set by the project.我們必須努力達到項目要求的質量標準。➤qualifying資格標準；入選標準◇The Olympic qualifying standard has been set at 64.50 m.奧運會的參賽資格標準定在 64.50 米。➤living生活水平◇The region enjoys the highest living standards in Asia.該地區的生活水平為全亞洲最高。➤accounting, journalistic, labour/labor, legal, safety, security, trading (BrE) , etc.會計標準、新聞標準、勞工標準、法律標準、安全標準、貿易標準等▸➤academic, educational, environmental, health, performance, technical, etc.學術、教育、環境、衞生、性能、技術等標準➤industry行業標準◇The product has become an industry standard.這一產品已經成為行業標準。➤emission, emissions排放標準◇The bill established new emissions standards for cars sold in the state.法案制訂了在本州交易的汽車的新排放標準。VERB + STANDARD➤have有⋯標準◇The agency has very high standards.這家機構的標準很高。➤boast, enjoy有⋯水準；到達⋯水平▸➤define, develop, establish, set確定標準；形成標準；制訂標準▸➤achieve, be up to, live up to, meet, reach達到標準；符合標準◇The factory is struggling to meet national environmental standards.這家工廠正竭力爭取達到國家環境標準。◇She has reached an acceptable standard of English.她的英語水平已經說得過去了。➤bring sth up to使⋯達到標準▸➤fall short of達不到標準◇The hotel service fell short of the usual standard.這家賓館的服務不符合通常標準。➤apply, enforce, provide實施／實行／規定⋯標準◇It's impossible to apply the same academic standards across the country.不可能在全國範圍內執行同一個學術標準。➤judge sb/sth by用標準評判⋯▸➤improve, raise改進／提高標準▸➤lower降低標準▸➤maintain, sustain維持／保持標準PREPOSITION➤above (the) standard, below (the) standard符合／不符合標準◇Your work is below standard.你的工作不達標。➤according to a/the standard, by... standards根據⋯標準；用⋯標準衡量◇By today's standards, he isn't a particularly fast runner.依照現在的標準來看，他算不上跑得特別快。➤to a...standard達到⋯標準◇The building work had not been completed to a satisfactory standard.這項建築工程沒有達到令人滿意的水平。➤up to standard達到標準◇We need to bring our computer system up to standard.我們得讓計算機系統達到標準。➤standard in⋯方面的規範◇standards in safety安全規範PHRASES➤by any standard不論以什麼標準◇She's a great violinist by any standard.無論用什麼標準評價，她都是一位偉大的小提琴家。➤by the standards of the day依照當時的標準◇The army was massive by the standards of the day.照當時的標準來看，那支軍隊規模很大。➤a drop in the standard, a fall in the standard標準的降低／下滑◇There has been a drop in the standard of health care.醫保水平有所降低。➤an increase in the standard, a rise in the standard標準的上升／提高◇There has been an increase in the standard of service provided.所提供服務的水準有所提高。➤a standard of living生活水平◇the fall in their standard of living他們生活水平的下降
standard

noun²

 2(usually standards) acceptable level of conduct可接受的行為標準ADJECTIVE | VERB + STANDARD | STANDARD + VERB | PHRASES ADJECTIVE➤declining, falling每況愈下的行為規範◇My grandparents are always complaining about falling moral standards.我的祖父母總是抱怨世風日下。➤double雙重標準◇the double standard frequently encountered in 19th-century attitudes to sex19 世紀在對待性的態度上經常遇到的雙重標準➤ethical, moral倫理／道德規範VERB + STANDARD➤prescribe規定行為準則▸➤keep up, maintain堅持原則▸➤improve, raise提高行為規範STANDARD + VERB➤drop, fall標準下降；道德水準淪落PHRASES➤standards of behaviour/behavior, standards of conduct行為準則▸➤standard of care護理標準
standard

adjective

VERBS | ADVERB VERBS➤be, be fitted as, come as標準；作為標準配置安裝；符合標準◇Anti-lock brakes come as standard.防抱死剎車裝置是標準配置。➤become變得符合標準ADVERB➤almost幾乎算是符合標準◇The stations were built to a simple, almost standard design.車站都是按照同一個簡單的近於標準化的設計建成的。➤fairly, pretty, relatively相當／頗為／相對標準◇a fairly standard method of assessing employees相當標準的員工評價方法
TOEFL IELTS BNC: 653 COCA: 806
standard noun
⇨ criterion (by modern standards) ⇨ principle 1 (moral standards) ⇨ quality (falling standards)standard adj.
⇨ usual
TOEFL IELTS BNC: 653 COCA: 806
standard
Standards used for judging things: standard, quality, performance...
Moral rules and rules of behaviour: rule, convention, law...
Flags: at half-mast, Blue Peter, bunting...
Songs: anthem, aria, ballad...
Ordinary and normal: BAU, identikit, normal...
Words used to describe standards: standard, average, high...
Typical, traditional and usual: typical, traditional, usual...

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