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TOEFL BNC: 4291 COCA: 5384

circulation

Word family 
Related topics: Human, Newspapers, printing, publishing, Biology
cir·cu·la·tion /ˌsɜːkjəˈleɪʃən $ ˌsɜːr-/ ●○○ noun  
1  [singular, uncountableU]HBH the movement of blood around your body 血液循环
 Exercise improves the circulation.
运动能促进血液循环。
good/bad circulation
 Doctors had to remove her leg because of bad circulation.
她的一条腿血液循环不畅，医生只得将其切除。
2  [uncountableU]EXCHANGE the exchange of information, money etc from one person to another in a group or society 〔资料、货币等的〕流通
in/out of circulation
 Police believe there are thousands of illegal guns in circulation.
警方相信有成千上万支非法枪支在流通。
 The book was taken out of circulation.
这本书已经不发行了。
remove/withdraw something from circulation
 The Treasury Department plans to remove older coins from circulation and replace them with new ones.
财政部打算收回市面上流通的旧版硬币，以新版取代。
3  [countableC usually singular]TCNREAD the average number of copies of a newspaper or magazine that are usually sold each day, week, month etc 〔报纸或杂志的〕发行量，销售量
circulation of
 The newspaper has a daily circulation of 55,000.
这份报纸的日发行量是 55,000 份。
4  [countableC, uncountableU]MOVE/CHANGE POSITION the movement of liquid, air etc in a system 〔液体、空气等的〕流通，环流，循环
 Let’s open the windows and get some circulation in here.
我们把窗打开，让这里的空气流通一下吧。
5  in circulation/out of circulation informal when someone takes part or does not take part in social activities at a particular time 〔某人一段时间内〕参加/不参加社交活动
 Sandy’s out of circulation until after her exams.
桑迪要到考完试以后才参加社交活动。
Examples from the Corpus
circulation• The local newspaper has a circulation of around 16,000.• In addition, the opposition will be allowed to publish a daily newspaper with a circulation of 500,000.• The quantity of cash in circulation could drop by half.• That in turn caused the car rental companies to keep their vehicles in circulation longer.• The bandage is too tight - it's cutting off my circulation.• Extra heating may also be required to offset pain, discomfort or poor circulation.• It is a specialist journal with a relatively small circulation.• The Sun switched back to the Tories in 1979, and the circulation gap doubled.
good/bad circulation• A stagnant, slow moving and bad circulation of air is a direct encouragement to disease spores to settle and take hold.• Angling the powerhead towards the heater will ensure good circulation around it.• One of the most important factors for maintaining beautiful skin and a glowing complexion is good circulation.• It has proved a simple, cheap and-so far-effective means of maintaining good circulation in my legs.• Seven years ago, because of bad circulation, she had her leg amputated.• Mainstream publishers complain that good circulation databases of black names are hard to come by.
in/out of circulation• Crime we know about and talk about and deplore, but sin as a subject for discussion has gone out of circulation.• In a sense, phosphate is taken out of circulation in the Ecosphere, diminishing the prospects of more life.
From Longman Business Dictionary
circulationcir·cu·la·tion /ˌsɜːkjəˈleɪʃənˌsɜːr-/ noun
1[uncountableU] the exchange of money within an economy
It was a bold anti-inflation plan, including a squeeze on the circulation of money.
2[uncountableU]ECONOMICS if money is in circulation, it is being used by people in an economy. If money is out of circulation, it is not being used
The old notes are being withdrawn from circulation.
An obvious sign of hyperinflation is the massive increase in the quantity of money in circulation.
3[countableC usually singular] the average number of copies of a newspaper or magazine that are sold each day, week, or month
The paper’s circulation increased by 150,000.
a mass circulation (=selling a very large number of copies) newspaper
cir·cu·la·tion noun
Chinese
Syllable
Corpus
TOEFL BNC: 4291 COCA: 5384
circulation

noun¹

 1movement of blood around the body血液循環ADJECTIVE | VERB + CIRCULATION | PHRASES ADJECTIVE➤good循環良好▸➤bad, poor循環不好▸➤blood血液循環VERB + CIRCULATION➤have循環得⋯◇I have poor circulation.我的血液循環不好。➤improve, increase, promote, stimulate改善／增強／促進／刺激循環◇to have a massage to stimulate your circulation以按摩來刺激血液循環➤impair, reduce損害／降低循環PHRASES➤the circulation of the blood血液循環
circulation

noun²

 2passing of sth between different people流傳ADJECTIVE | VERB + CIRCULATION | PREPOSITION ADJECTIVE➤general, wide全面／廣泛流通▸➤restricted有限制的流通◇Restricted circulation of the report will reduce the risk of leaks outside the ministry.有限制地傳閱這份報告會降低泄露到部外的風險。VERB + CIRCULATION➤go into進入流通◇The new coins will go into general circulation next year.新鑄幣將於明年進入全面流通。➤put sth into使⋯開始流通▸➤take sth out of, withdraw sth from使⋯退出流通◇Copies of the magazine were withdrawn from circulation.這期雜誌被收回，不再銷售。PREPOSITION➤in circulation, out of circulation在流通；退出流通◇the amount of money in circulation流通的貨幣量◇I was out of circulation for months after the baby was born. (figurative) 孩子出生後，我好幾個月與世隔絕。
circulation

noun³

 3of a newspaper, magazine, etc.報紙；雜誌ADJECTIVE | VERB + CIRCULATION | CIRCULATION + VERB | CIRCULATION + NOUN | PREPOSITION ADJECTIVE➤large, mass, wide巨大的發行量；大規模的發行▸➤limited, small有限的／小的發行量▸➤daily, monthly日發行量；月發行量▸➤national, nationwide全國發行量VERB + CIRCULATION➤enjoy, have發行量達⋯；有⋯的發行量◇The newspaper has a daily circulation of 20 000.這份報紙的日發行量為 2 萬份。➤boost, increase提升／增加發行量➤lose損失發行量CIRCULATION + VERB➤increase, rise發行量增加／上升▸➤fall發行量下降CIRCULATION + NOUN➤figures發行數字➤area發行區域PREPOSITION➤circulation of⋯的發行
TOEFL BNC: 4291 COCA: 5384
circulation noun
⇨ current
TOEFL BNC: 4291 COCA: 5384
circulation
The heart, blood and circulation: A, ABO system, anticoagulant...
The process or activity of moving: movement, transit, motion...
Journalism and relating to journalism: backstory, blackout, chequebook journalism...
The process of giving or supplying: supply, provision, distribution...

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