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circulation

Word family 
Related topics: Human, Newspapers, printing, publishing, Biology
cir·cu·la·tion /ˌsɜːkjəˈleɪʃən $ ˌsɜːr-/ ●○○ noun  
1  [singular, uncountableU]HBH the movement of blood around your body 血液循环
 Exercise improves the circulation.
运动能促进血液循环。
good/bad circulation
 Doctors had to remove her leg because of bad circulation.
她的一条腿血液循环不畅，医生只得将其切除。
2  [uncountableU]EXCHANGE the exchange of information, money etc from one person to another in a group or society 〔资料、货币等的〕流通
in/out of circulation
 Police believe there are thousands of illegal guns in circulation.
警方相信有成千上万支非法枪支在流通。
 The book was taken out of circulation.
这本书已经不发行了。
remove/withdraw something from circulation
 The Treasury Department plans to remove older coins from circulation and replace them with new ones.
财政部打算收回市面上流通的旧版硬币，以新版取代。
3  [countableC usually singular]TCNREAD the average number of copies of a newspaper or magazine that are usually sold each day, week, month etc 〔报纸或杂志的〕发行量，销售量
circulation of
 The newspaper has a daily circulation of 55,000.
这份报纸的日发行量是 55,000 份。
4  [countableC, uncountableU]MOVE/CHANGE POSITION the movement of liquid, air etc in a system 〔液体、空气等的〕流通，环流，循环
 Let’s open the windows and get some circulation in here.
我们把窗打开，让这里的空气流通一下吧。
5  in circulation/out of circulation informal when someone takes part or does not take part in social activities at a particular time 〔某人一段时间内〕参加/不参加社交活动
 Sandy’s out of circulation until after her exams.
桑迪要到考完试以后才参加社交活动。
Examples from the Corpus
circulation• The local newspaper has a circulation of around 16,000.• In addition, the opposition will be allowed to publish a daily newspaper with a circulation of 500,000.• The quantity of cash in circulation could drop by half.• That in turn caused the car rental companies to keep their vehicles in circulation longer.• The bandage is too tight - it's cutting off my circulation.• Extra heating may also be required to offset pain, discomfort or poor circulation.• It is a specialist journal with a relatively small circulation.• The Sun switched back to the Tories in 1979, and the circulation gap doubled.
good/bad circulation• A stagnant, slow moving and bad circulation of air is a direct encouragement to disease spores to settle and take hold.• Angling the powerhead towards the heater will ensure good circulation around it.• One of the most important factors for maintaining beautiful skin and a glowing complexion is good circulation.• It has proved a simple, cheap and-so far-effective means of maintaining good circulation in my legs.• Seven years ago, because of bad circulation, she had her leg amputated.• Mainstream publishers complain that good circulation databases of black names are hard to come by.
in/out of circulation• Crime we know about and talk about and deplore, but sin as a subject for discussion has gone out of circulation.• In a sense, phosphate is taken out of circulation in the Ecosphere, diminishing the prospects of more life.
From Longman Business Dictionary
circulationcir·cu·la·tion /ˌsɜːkjəˈleɪʃənˌsɜːr-/ noun
1[uncountableU] the exchange of money within an economy
It was a bold anti-inflation plan, including a squeeze on the circulation of money.
2[uncountableU]ECONOMICS if money is in circulation, it is being used by people in an economy. If money is out of circulation, it is not being used
The old notes are being withdrawn from circulation.
An obvious sign of hyperinflation is the massive increase in the quantity of money in circulation.
3[countableC usually singular] the average number of copies of a newspaper or magazine that are sold each day, week, or month
The paper’s circulation increased by 150,000.
a mass circulation (=selling a very large number of copies) newspaper
cir·cu·la·tion noun
Chinese
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Corpus

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