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IELTS BNC: 339 COCA: 432

control

Word family 
Related topics: Technology, Space, Hard science, Computers
con·trol1 /kənˈtrəʊl $ -ˈtroʊl/ ●●● S1 W1 noun  
1  make SB/STH do what you want 控制某人/某物 [uncountableU]CONTROL the ability or power to make someone or something do what you want or make something happen in the way you want 掌握，控制，支配
 The disease robs you of muscle control.
这种疾病会让你丧失肌肉控制力。
control of/over
 Babies are born with very little control over their movements.
婴儿出生时对自己的肢体运动几乎没有控制能力。
 Artists like to have some control over where their works are hung in a gallery.
艺术家希望对自己的作品挂在美术馆的什么地方有些发言权。
 She’s a good teacher who has control of her class.
她是个优秀的教师，能够掌握课堂纪律。
 Students are encouraged to take control of their own learning, rather than just depending on the teacher.
学生被鼓励要自己安排学习，而不只是依赖老师。
n Excessive drinking can make you lose control of your own life.
 ‘Do you need any help?’ ‘No. It’s under control, thanks.’
“你需要帮忙吗？”“不用，已经搞定了。谢谢。”
 Dogs are allowed on the trails if they are kept under control.
狗在受到看管的情况下可以在小径上走。
 The car spun out of control and hit a tree.
汽车失控打转，撞到了树上。
 Flight delays do occur, for reasons that are outside our control.
飞机延误的确会发生，其原因不是我们可以控制的。
2  power 权力 [uncountableU]CONTROL the power to make the decisions about how a country, place, company etc is organized or what it does 统治；管理；管制
 The press was freed from political control.
媒体从政治控制下被解放出来了。
control of
 Jordan asked for editorial control of the project.
乔丹要求这个项目的编辑事务由他来负责。
in control (of something)
 Anti-government forces are still in control of the area.
反政府军队仍然控制着该地区。
 By the end of the year, the rebels had control over the northern territories.
到这一年的年底，叛乱分子已经控制了北方地区。
 The Johnson family has effective control of the company, owning almost 60% of the shares.
约翰逊家族对这家公司有实际控制权，拥有近60%的股份。
 China gained control of the island in 1683.
中国于1683年获得对该岛的控制权。
 His son is being trained to take control of the family business.
他的儿子正在被培养接管家族企业。
 The Democrats lost control of Congress in the last election.
民主党在上次选举中失去了对国会的控制权。
under the control of somebody
 The college was under the control of a group of trustees.
这所学院由理事会来管理。
 The whole of this area came under Soviet control after World War II.
第二次世界大战后，这整个地区都被苏联控制。
 The Conservatives are hoping to regain control of the city council.
保守党希望重新获得对市政会的控制权。
3  LIMITway of limiting STH 限制某事的措施 [countableC, uncountableU] an action, method, or law that limits the amount or growth of something, especially something that is dangerous 〔尤指对危险事物的〕控制，管理，限制，管制
 pest control
虫害防治
control of
 the control of inflation
对通货膨胀的抑制
control on
 The authorities imposed strict controls on the movement of cattle.
当局对牛群的运送实行了严格的管理措施。
 an agreement on arms control (=control of the amount of weapons a country has)
军备控制协议
under control
 Firefighters had the blaze under control by 9:44 p.m.
到晚上9点44分，消防队员把火势控制住了。
 Shea used diet and exercise to bring her weight under control.
谢伊通过节食和锻炼来控制自己的体重。
 The Federal Reserve Bank raised interest rates to keep inflation under control.
联邦储备银行以提高利率来控制通货膨胀。
rent/price/wage etc controls
 Rent controls ensured that no one paid too much for housing.
租金管制确保没有人会付太高的房租。
tight/rigid controls (=strict controls) 严格的控制
 the introduction of tighter controls on immigration
更严格的移民限制措施的推行
 Police used fire hoses and dogs for crowd control.
警察使用了消防水龙和警犬来控制人群。
4  ability to stay calm 保持冷静的能力 [uncountableU]CONTROL the ability to remain calm even when you feel very angry, upset, or excited 克制，控制（能力）
5  machine/vehicle 机器/车辆 [countableC]TCONTROL the thing that you press or turn to make a machine, vehicle, television etc work 〔机器、车辆、电视等的〕控制[操纵]装置
6  people who organize an activity 活动组织者 [singular, uncountableU]TTATTS the people who direct an activity or who check that something is done correctly, the place where this is done, or the process of doing it 指挥人员，操纵人员；管理处，检查站；操纵，控制
7  scientific test 科学测试 [countableC]
8  computer 计算机 [singular] (also control key)TD a particular button on a computer that allows you to do certain operations 控制键
→ birth control, quality control, remote control
Examples from the Corpus
control• Few people have better ball control than Jordan.• Others suggested that because of its rigid op-position to birth control, the Church had forfeited its credibility in the reproductive debate.• Birth Control Pills and Headache Headaches may rarely occur as a side effect of birth control pills.• The building will include an auction hall, valeting and inspection areas, a wash bay and entry control.• The major area of cooperation is infrastructure, mainly pollution and flood control.• Simmons stopped his battle for control of Lockheed.• Croatian rebels battled for control of Vukovar.• Reynolds struggled for control as he told how much Dinah meant to him.• Who has control of the budget?• She hits the ball harder than Sabatini, but lacks her control.• Helen, ruffled but in control, hurried into the car.• The disease robs you of muscle control.• They seem to have no control over their children.• Heads of department can make some decisions, but the chairman has overall control within the company.• price controls• The truth is, they are as much outside the control of our destiny as we are.• the TV control• The researchers showed cancer develops when the function of oncogenes is disturbed and cells grow without control, the Karolinska Institute said.
outside our control• The coming together of sperm and egg represents a moment of surrender to forces outside our control.• The slightest change in the barometer, although it might be due to factors quite outside our control, would correspondingly depress them.
regain control of• After a terrifying two minutes the crew overpowered Mukonyi, handcuffed him, and regained control of the jet.• Though he lost his job, he regained control of his life.• He plans to someday regain control of Lewis Oil.• The coroner Nicholas Gardner said the Metro driver's attempts to regain control of her car may have made matters worse.• I found it difficult to regain control of the beast.• All of which sounds a bit fishy -- selling off a chunk of the government to regain control of it?• Its purpose is to allow the patient an opportunity to regain control of intense emotions.• In vain she struggled to regain control of herself, but it was too late.• Captain Fisher parachuted to safety after being unable to regain control of the plane.• If Republicans lose 21 seats, the Democrats will regain control of the House.
crowd control• The cop who'd collected her had been a crowd control unit, the full cyborg.• Lancashire introduced extra crowd control measures for the Test and the one-day international.• Nearly 400 road marshals will be involved in crowd control.• He saw the storm-troopers practising karate, crowd control, baton practice and their skills with the knife and knuckleduster.• Second, it gets a head start on the crowd control that the rest of the service will require.• We've hired an extra 200 security people to assist with crowd control.
in control• Moore managed to be in control throughout the birth of her child.• Weber's one of those guys who always seems to be in control.• A basket by Basey put Logan High in control.
at the controls• The scenario is world war two and you are at the controls of the fictional whirly-bird.• Mrs. Eve Bainbridge at the controls, 1985.• Icarus shown at Farnborough with a dummy at the controls - story above.• Later during the first journey, comedian Jimmy Edwards tried his hand at the controls. 3.• The train, with no one at the controls derailed at 50 miles per hour.• Tabitha got to her feet and pushed Marco aside to peer at the controls.• If a pilot has to come back into the passenger cabin that means one less person at the controls.• Larry Scerri at the controls of the Doane engine test rig, from an R-1830 running.• I had a canteen cup of coffee with me while Riker took his turn at the controls.
control group/population/sample etc• The basic experimental form has an experimental group and a control group.• There is an experimental group and a control group with a before and after set of observations. 2.• A group of young people without Saturday jobs, will act as a control group.• The first was the discovery that parasites can control populations and cause them to go in cycles.• Secondly, such studies rarely used any matched control groups.• Studies rarely include a psychiatric control group.• By comparison, only 23 percent of the infants in the control group lived in homes that had suffered recent water damage.• This is where the importance of the control group emerged.
control2 ●●● S2 W1 verb (controlled, controlling) [transitiveT]  
1  power 权力GOVERENMENT to have the power to make the decisions about how a country, place, company etc is organized or what it does 支配；指挥；管理
2  limit 限制CONTROL to limit the amount or growth of something, especially something that is dangerous 管制；管束
3  make SB/STH do what you want 让某人/某物做你想要做的事CONTROL to make someone or something do what you want, or make something happen in the way that you want 控制，操纵
4  emotion 情绪CONTROL if you control your emotions, your voice, your expression etc, you succeed in behaving calmly and sensibly, even though you feel angry, upset, or excited 克制，自制
5  machine/process/system 机器/过程/系统CONTROL to make a machine, process, or system work in a particular way 控制；管理
6  check STH 检查某物CHECK/MAKE SURE to make sure that something is done correctly 确保，保证 SYN check, monitor
 THESAURUS
control to have power over a country, place, company etc, and decide what happens there 控制〔国家、地方、公司等〕
The Democrats controlled the US Congress.
民主党控制着美国国会。
Government forces now control the city.
现在政府军控制了这个城市。
run to make the important everyday decisions concerning a company, organization, country etc, so that it can continue to operate 经营，管理〔公司、机构、国家等〕
He runs a software company in New York.
他在纽约经营一家软件公司。
The parents want to run the school themselves.
家长们想要自己管理学校。
The government is unfit to run the country.
这个政府没有能力治理国家。
nThe charity runs a medical clinic in one of the poorest parts of the city.
be in charge of somebody/something to have control over something, or responsibility for a group of people 掌管[负责]某人/某事物
She is in charge of training new employees.
她负责培训新员工。
I left him in charge of the children while I was out.
我出去的时候让他看管孩子。
manage to be in charge of a company, especially one that someone else owns 管理〔公司,尤指别人的公司〕
In 1963, she opened a furniture store, and her son has managed it since 1985.
1963年，她开了一个家具店，从1985年开始一直由儿子管理。
be in power if a group or leader is in power, they have political control of a country 当政，掌权
Abe resigned after less than a year in power.
安倍当政不到一年便辞职了。
It was the first time a democratically elected government had been in power.
这是民主选举产生的政府第一次当政。
rule if a leader or political group rules a country, they have political control of that country 统治，治理〔国家〕
President Assad ruled the country for almost 30 years.
阿萨德总统治理这个国家将近30年。
The same party has ruled Japan for many years.
同一政党在日本执政多年。
supervise to be in charge of a group of workers or students and make sure that they do their work properly 监督，指导〔工人的工作或学生的功课〕
Professor Braude supervised the research team.
布劳德教授指导这个研究小组。
He’s supervising the building work.
他在监督建筑施工。
Examples from the Corpus
control• a radio-controlled car• The export of these devices is strictly controlled.• Insulin controls blood sugar levels in the body.• Many U.S. corporations are controlled by foreign companies.• The nanobots might be controlled by on board molecular microcomputers linked by radio to a base computer.• The area is now controlled by rebels.• Health-care reform is intended to control costs and provide medical care for everyone.• She exercises to control her weight.• Nathan tried to control his crying.• I wish he'd learn to control his temper.• My view of the future is controlling illegal immigration but respecting people who are legally here.• The fire was controlled later Tuesday night.• Republicans controlled more than two-thirds of the Senate.• She was really annoying me, but I managed to control myself and not say anything.• Oloco is a huge company, controlling over half the world's oil trade.• Because homosexuals do not control society, they are more victims than agents of its decay.• She's a good driver and controls the car very well.• Miss Weston is having difficulty controlling the children in that class.• The finance committee controls the club's budget.• The number of lines to the inch controls the coarseness of the final dot formation.• Whereupon those High Masters - the self-proclaimed servants of the Emperor - could control the entire human species galaxy-wide, almost instantaneously.• The desire of Congress to control the expenditure of the indemnity payments had resulted in the failure of the National Bank bill.• A valve controls the flow of water into the main tank.• He was having trouble controlling the heavy truck on the slippery road surface.• If you can't control your dog, you should put it on a leash.• If you can't control your temper, you don't belong in this line of work.
control yourself• How could a mere machine control itself?• I knew he was so incensed he couldn't control himself.• If Joe is with me, I turn away and look silently out the window until I manage to control myself.• Only by holding on to the oak bureau did I control myself.• She knew, too, she had to try and reassure the children, and struggled to control herself.• These days, gypsy moth experts are more interested in the various ways the moths control themselves.• Maybe she had been locked in her self-imposed prison for so long that now she was unable to control herself at all.• She controlled herself sternly, forcing her face into a puffy obstinate shape.
control how/what/which etc• Zeus brings into existence and controls what he has created.• A formula based on the voting-age population of each state controls how much state party committees and their national counterparts may spend.• Fair was being able to control how she felt.• Patterson controls what should be a frenzy.• Educational authorities can control what subjects are taught, what the textbooks contain, and even what the teachers say and do.• This father of a three-year-old also said parents should control what their children watched - as he did.• Where their partners control what they manage, women can find their attempts to meet health needs and financial commitments thwarted.• It's very difficult then to exercise the same kind of partnership control which traditionally those firms had.
From Longman Business Dictionary
controlcon·trol1 /kənˈtrəʊl-ˈtroʊl/ noun
1[countableC] an action taken to make sure that something does not increase too much
Devaluations were combined with wage and price controls and reductions in state spending.
Private rented accommodation has been freed of rent controls, taking it beyond the reach of the young homeless.
→ budgetary control → cost control → credit control → exchange control → import control → inventory control → management control → materials control → production control → quality control → stock control
2[uncountableU]FINANCE if someone has control of shares in a company, they own them
Krupp said it had control of other blocks of Hoesch shares.
3[uncountableU]FINANCE if someone has control of a company, they own more than half its shares, or enough shares to be able to decide how the company is managed
CFS and Mr Vernes were battling for control of the Victoire insurance group.
Publicis purchased a little over 50% of Inovasi to gain control.
India is to sell stakes in state-owned companies to overseas investors while retaining majority control.
→ creeping control
4[singular]COMPUTING (also control key) a button on a computer that allows you to do operations when used with another button
Press control D to delete text.
controlcontrol2 verb (controlled, controlling) [transitiveT]
1to have the power to make someone or something do what you want
U.S. offices of foreign banks now control roughly a quarter of U.S. banking assets.
The government controls the production and distribution of all national newspapers.
2to limit something or prevent it from increasing too much
To help control costs, the company cut salaries by between 2% and 25% last month.
Romania will control skyrocketing food prices by setting ceilings for items such as meat.
new measures to control inflation
3to check that something is as it should be
Checkers control the quality of products as they come off the production line.
4FINANCE to own shares
Mr Kahn now controls 854,236 common shares, or about 40% of Mercury’s stock.
5FINANCE to own more than half the shares of a company, or enough shares to decide how the company should be managed
The Agnelli family controls the car group through a variety of holding companies.
6MARKETING if a company or product controls a particular part of a market, its products account for a large amount of the sales in that market
De Beers controls 80% of the rough, uncut diamond market.
Origin control2
(1400-1500) Anglo-French contreroller “to keep a copy of an official document in rolled-up form”, from Medieval Latin contrarotulare, from contrarotulus “copy of a roll”, from Latin contra- ( → CONTRA-) + rotulus “roll”
con·trol1 nouncontrol2 verb →THESAURUS1
LDOCE Online
Chinese
Syllable
Corpus
IELTS BNC: 339 COCA: 432
control

noun¹

 1power over sb/sth控制ADJECTIVE | VERB + CONTROL | CONTROL + NOUN | PREPOSITION | PHRASES ADJECTIVE➤absolute, complete, full, total絕對控制；完全控制▸➤effective, proper (especially BrE) 有效的／適當的控制▸➤close, strict, tight嚴格控制◇Weeds should be kept under strict control.應該嚴格控制雜草的生長。➤direct直接控制▸➤centralized, government, political, social, state中央集權的／政府／政治上的／社會的／國家控制➤civilian, military文官／軍人控制◇He defended the tradition of civilian control over the military.他捍衞文官控制軍隊的傳統。➤parental父母的管束VERB + CONTROL➤have實行控制▸➤achieve, assert, establish, gain, get實現／聲稱／建立／獲得／取得控制➤assume, grab, seize, take, win實行／奪得／掌握／取得／贏得控制◇A military junta took control of the country.一個軍事政權控制了國家。➤wrest (from sb)（從某人手中）奪取控制權◇attempts to wrest control of the town from government forces從政府軍手中奪取該城控制權的企圖➤keep, maintain, retain保持控制；維持控制◇She struggled to keep control of her voice.她努力控制自己的聲音。➤lose失去控制◇He lost control of the car when he swerved to avoid a bicycle.他突然轉向以躲避一輛自行車，致使汽車失去了控制。➤cede, relinquish, surrender放棄控制➤hand over, transfer交出／移交控制權◇He wants to hand over control of social security to the private sector.他想把社會保障的控制權移交給私營部門。➤get out of, go out of失去控制◇The car went out of control on the icy road.車子在結了冰的路上失去了控制。➤reassert, re-establish, regain, retake重申／重新建立／恢復／重新得到控制◇Enemy forces have now regained control of the area.敵軍現已重新控制這一地區。➤give sb/sth給予⋯控制權◇The idea is to give local authorities full control of their own budgets.這個構想是要讓地方政府全權控制自己的預算。➤exercise, exert實施控制◇Editors do not exercise control over large sections of their newspapers.編輯並不控制報紙的大分類版面。➤centralize集中控制◇government plans to centralize control of schools政府集中控制學校的計劃➤bring sth under, get sth under將⋯控制住◇They soon got the situation under control.他們很快就控制住了局勢。CONTROL + NOUN➤freak控制狂◇He's a real control freak.他是一個有強烈控制慾的人。PREPOSITION➤beyond your control, outside your control在⋯的控制以外◇Parking is outside my control.停車不在我的控制範圍之內。➤in control (of)控制（⋯）◇The elected government is back in control.民選政府重新取得了控制權。➤out of control失去控制◇I had this feeling that things were out of control.我感覺情況已失去了控制。➤under (sb's) control在（某人的）控制下◇Everything is under control一切都在掌控之中。◇The department was under the control of Bryce Thompson.當時這個部門歸布賴斯・湯普森管。➤control over對⋯的控制◇They have little control over that side of the business.他們對那部份業務幾乎沒法控制。PHRASES➤circumstances beyond sb's control超出某人控制能力的情況◇The race has been called off due to circumstances beyond our control.由於我們無法控制的原因，比賽已經取消。
control

noun²

 2limiting/managing sth管制ADJECTIVE | VERB + CONTROL | CONTROL + NOUN ADJECTIVE➤quality質量管理➤inventory, stock (especially BrE) 庫存管理➤budgetary, cost, rent預算控制；成本控制；租金管制➤crowd人群控制◇The police are experts in crowd control.警察是控制人群秩序的專家。➤air traffic, traffic空中交通／交通管制➤birth節育➤arms, gun武器／槍械管制➤crime犯罪控制➤damage損失控制▸➤erosion, flood, pest, pollution, weed侵蝕／洪水／蟲害／污染／雜草控制➤bladder, impulse, weight膀胱／衝動／體重控制◇Many teenagers have poor impulse control.許多青少年控制力差，易於衝動。VERB + CONTROL➤improve提高控制力➤ensure確保控制CONTROL + NOUN➤measure, mechanism控制手段／機制◇New crime control measures have failed.新的犯罪控制措施失敗了。➤centre/center, room, tower控制中心；控制室；控制塔◇the air traffic control tower空中交通管制塔
control

noun³

 3(usually controls) method of limiting/managing sth管制手段ADJECTIVE | VERB + CONTROL | PREPOSITION ADJECTIVE➤strict, stringent, tight, tough (especially BrE) 嚴格的管制；嚴厲的限制▸➤lax鬆散的管制▸➤border, export, price邊境管理；出口控制；物價管制◇calls for tougher export controls加強出口控制的呼籲VERB + CONTROL➤implement, impose, introduce執行管制；實行限制；引進管制辦法◇The government has imposed strict controls on new building.政府已經對新建建築物實施了嚴格限制。➤tighten加強管制◇The country has tightened its border controls.該國已經加強了邊境管理。➤relax放寬管制◇plans to relax price controls放寬物價管制的計劃➤lift, remove取消限制PREPOSITION➤control on對⋯的限制◇They have introduced controls on public spending.他們已開始對公共開支實施限制。
control

noun⁴

 4for operating a machine操縱機器ADJECTIVE | VERB + CONTROL | CONTROL + NOUN | PREPOSITION ADJECTIVE➤remote遙控▸➤volume音量調節➤cruise巡行車速控制VERB + CONTROL➤take駕駛◇Once we were in the air, I was allowed to take the controls.我們一升到空中，我就獲准進行駕駛。CONTROL + NOUN➤panel控制（面）板➤device, stick, unit控制裝置；控制桿；控制部件◇a programmable control unit可編程控制單元➤circuit, valve控制電路；控制閥◇the water pressure control valve水壓控制閥PREPOSITION➤at the controls在駕駛◇Chief Air Officer Sedley was at the controls of the Boeing 707.當時空軍一級軍士長塞德利駕駛着這架波音 707。
control

verb¹

 1restrict/manage限制；管理ADVERB➤carefully, precisely, rigidly, strictly, tightly小心控制；精確控制；嚴格控制◇Conditions in the greenhouse are carefully controlled.溫室裏的環境處於精確的控制之下。◇Expenditure within the company is tightly controlled.該公司內部的開支受到嚴格的控制。➤adequately, effectively, properly管理到位；有效地控制；適當地管理➤poorly管理不善▸➤centrally, directly集中管理；直接控制
control

verb²

 2operate操縱ADVERB➤automatically, electronically, manually自動化／電子／人工控制◇The shutters can be electronically controlled.百葉窗是電動的。➤remotely遙控➤easily輕鬆控制◇You can easily control the speed of the fan.你可以很容易地控制風扇的速度。
IELTS BNC: 339 COCA: 432
control noun
⇨ control (under enemy control) ⇨ button 1 (the controls of an aircraft) ⇨ limit 1 (traffic/arms control) ⇨ bring/get/keep sth under control ⇨ overcome verbcontrol verb
⇨ control (control a child) ⇨ limit (control inflation) ⇨ operate (This knob controls the volume.) ⇨ overcome (control the pain) ⇨ run 2 (control a company) ⇨ suppress 2 (control your temper) control

noun

control ♦︎ power ♦︎ rule ♦︎ authority ♦︎ jurisdiction ♦︎ discipline ♦︎ command ♦︎ hold ♦︎ grasp ♦︎ forceThese are all words for the ability that a person or group has to control sb/sth else. 这些词均表示控制力、操纵力。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆control / power / rule / authority / jurisdiction / command / a hold over sb / sth◆a hold / grasp on sb / sth◆to be in control / power / authority / command / force◆to be under sb's control / rule / authority / jurisdiction / command◆to be beyond / outside the control / power / authority / jurisdiction of sb◆the power / authority / jurisdiction to do sth◆absolute / complete control / power / authority / command◆direct control / rule / authority / command◆to have control / power / authority / jurisdiction / command / a hold over sb / force◆to exercise control / power / authority / jurisdiction◆to take control / power / command◆to assume control / power / authority / command◆to give sb control / power / authority / jurisdiction / command / a hold over sb◆to delegate power / authority / command (to sb)◆to lose control / power / authority / command / your hold on sth◆to relinquish control / power / command / your hold on sth■ control [uncountable] the power to make decisions about how a country, an area, an organization or sb's life is run; the ability to make sb/sth do what you want （对国家、地区、机构或人的）管理权，控制权，支配权；控制（或操纵）能力◆The party is expecting to gain control of the council in the next election.该党期待着下次选举能获得对地方议会的控制权。◆The aim is to give people more control over their own lives.目的是让人能对自己的生活有更多的自主权。◆The city is under enemy control.那座城市在敌人控制之下。◆The teacher had no control over the children.那个老师管不住学生。◆She struggled to keep control of her voice.她竭力控制住自己的声音。◆She lost control of her car on the ice.她在冰上开车失去了控制。◆Owing to circumstances beyond our control the flight to Rome has been cancelled.由于出现了无法控制的情况，飞往罗马的航班已经取消。  see also self-control ⇨ restraint , controlled ⇨ disciplined ■ power [uncountable] the ability to control people or things; political control of a country or area 控制力；影响力；统治；政权◆He has the power to make life very difficult for us.他权力很大，可以把我们整得狼狈不堪。◆The Emperor had absolute power over all his subjects.皇帝对所有的臣民拥有绝对权力。◆She was determined to go through with her plan, now that she had him in her power (= was able to do what she liked with him).既然可以摆布他，她决定把她的计划实施到底。◆The party came to power at the last election.该党在上次选举中当选执政。◆He seized power in a military coup.他在一次军事政变中夺了权。◆It was the beginning of a power struggle between rival factions within the party.这是该党内部对立派系间权力斗争的开始。◆The war brought about a shift in the balance of power.那场战争使势力的均衡发生了转变。   see also office ⇨ role ■ rule [uncountable] the government of a country or area by a particular person, group or political system （特定的人、团体或政治体系对国家或地区的）统治，管理◆There was a gradual process of returning the country to civilian rule.将那个国家恢复到文官统治经历了一个渐进的过程。◆The country remained under direct rule by the occupying powers.那个国家仍在占领势力的直接统治下。ⓘ Rule often refers to control by an outside country or group, by a political system which allows little freedom, or sth which contrasts with this. * rule常指外国或外部集团的控制，以及专制或非专制政体的统治◆colonial / British / Ottoman rule殖民地的／英国的／奥斯曼的统治◆Fascist / military rule法西斯主义／军事统治◆a return to civilian / democratic / majority rule回到文官／民主／多数派统治   see also rule ⇨ rule verb 1 ■ authority [uncountable] the power to give orders to people 权力；威权；当权◆She now has authority over the people who used to be her bosses.她现在管辖着曾是她上司的那些人。◆Nothing will be done because no one in authority (= who has the power to do sth) takes the matter seriously.什么也办不了，因为掌权的谁也不认真对待这个问题。■ jurisdiction ˌdʒʊərɪsˈdɪkʃn; NAmE ˌdʒʊrɪsˈdɪkʃn [uncountable, countable] (formal) the power that an official organization has to make legal decisions about sb/sth 司法权；审判权；管辖权◆These matters do not fall within our jurisdiction.这些事情不归我们管辖。◆The agreement doesn't come under the jurisdiction of the EU courts.该协议不归欧盟法院管辖。■ discipline [uncountable] the practice of training people to obey rules and orders and punishing them if they do not; the controlled behaviour or situation that results from this training 守纪训练；训导；纪律；风纪◆The school has a reputation for high standards of discipline.这所学校以纪律严明著称。◆Strict discipline is imposed on army recruits.新兵受到严格的纪律训练。◆She keeps good discipline in class.她严格执行课堂纪律。   see also discipline ⇨ punish verb , disciplined ⇨ disciplined , self-discipline ⇨ restraint ■ command [uncountable] the power to give orders to a group of people, especially in the armed forces or police （尤指对军队或警察的）控制，管辖，指挥◆He has 1 200 men under his command.他掌管着1 200人。◆Who's in command here?这里谁主事？◆The police arrived and took command of the situation.警方到达后控制了局势。  see also command ⇨ order verb 1 , command ⇨ run 2 ■ hold [singular] influence or control over a person or situation （对人或局势的）影响，控制◆What she knew about his past gave her a hold over him.她知道他的过去，所以能够控制他。◆Enemy forces have consolidated their hold on the northern province.敌军已经巩固了他们对北部省份的控制。■ grasp [singular] (rather informal) control over a situation, especially when it is hard to hold on to （尤指对难以控制的局势的）掌控◆The company continues to maintain its grasp on the business computer market.那家公司继续维持着对商用电脑市场的控制。◆Don't let the situation escape from your grasp.别让局面失控。NOTE 辨析 Hold or grasp?In this meaning, a hold is stronger than a grasp. You have, strengthen or consolidate a hold. A grasp has to be maintained or things may slip or escape from it. 表达此义时，hold语气比grasp强。hold可以作have、strengthen或consolidate的宾语。grasp则可以作maintain、slip或escape from的宾语。■ force [uncountable] the authority of a law or rule （法律或规定的）权力，效力◆These guidelines do not have the force of law.这些指导原则不具有法律效力。◆The court ruled that these standards have force in British law.法院裁定，这些标准在英国法律中具有效力。control

verb

control ♦︎ handle ♦︎ manageThese words all mean to have power over sb/sth so that you are able to decide what a person must do or how sth will work. 这些词均表示指挥、控制、掌管。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆to control / manage a child◆to be easy / difficult to control / handle / manage◆to control / handle / manage sb / sth properly◆to control / manage sb / sth effectively■ control [transitive] to have power over a person so that you are able to make them do or behave as you say 指挥；控制；掌管◆Can't you control your children?你就不能管管你的孩子吗？◆Time out is an effective way of controlling aggressive behaviour.暂停是控制攻击性行为的有效方法。◆Mounted police had been called to control the crowds.已召来骑警控制人群。  see also uncontrollable ⇨ uncontrollable ■ handle [transitive] to control a vehicle, animal, tool or machine, so that it does what you want it to 控制，操纵（车辆、动物、工具或机器）◆I wasn't sure if I could handle such a powerful car.我没把握是否能驾驶功率这么大的车。◆She's a difficult horse to handle.那是一匹桀骜不驯的母马。■ manage [transitive] to keep sb/sth under control, so that it doesn't cause you problems 控制住；操纵；能对付◆It's like trying to manage an unruly child.这就像试图管住一个任性的孩子。◆I really liked the chapter about how to manage stress.我真的很喜欢如何应付压力那一章。◆They have learnt to successfully manage their diabetes.他们已经学会控制住自己的糖尿病。   see also unmanageable ⇨ uncontrollable
IELTS BNC: 339 COCA: 432

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