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TOEFL IELTS BNC: 3851 COCA: 4404

preliminary

Word family
pre·lim·i·na·ry1 /prɪˈlɪmənəri $ -neri/ ●○○ AWL adjectiveadj [only before noun]  
BEGINNINGhappening before something that is more important, often in order to prepare for it 初步的;预备的
 the preliminary stages of the competition
竞赛的预赛阶段
 a preliminary draft
初稿
preliminary to
 The discussions were preliminary to preparing a policy paper.
这些讨论是在为制定政策文件做准备。
Examples from the Corpus
Related topics: Sport
preliminary2 AWL noun (plural preliminaries) [countableC usually plural]  
1 BEGINNINGsomething that is said or done first, to introduce or prepare for something else 初步行动,准备工作
preliminary to
 Pilot studies are a useful preliminary to large research projects.
试验性研究为大型研究项目做有效的初步准备。
 After the usual preliminaries, the chairman made his announcement.
一段例行的开场白之后,主席发布了通告。
2 DSone of the games in the first part of a competition, when it is decided who will go on to the main competition 预赛;预试
 Four teams will be eliminated in the preliminaries.
预赛中将有四个队被淘汰。
Examples from the Corpus
From Longman Business Dictionary
preliminarypre·lim·i·na·ry /prɪˈlɪmənəri-neri/ adjectiveadj [only before a noun]
coming before something more official, more important etc
Preliminary estimates indicate that earnings will decline substantially from a year ago.
The group will set the preliminary pricing for $235 million revenue bonds.
They obtained apreliminary injunction (=a legal ruling, stopping someone doing something) against the company.
Origin preliminary1
(1600-1700) French préliminaire, from Medieval Latin praeliminaris, from Latin limen threshold
TOEFL IELTS BNC: 3851 COCA: 4404
preliminary

noun

ADJECTIVE | PREPOSITION | PHRASES ADJECTIVEessential, necessary必不可少的準備工作;必要的準備程序usual (especially BrE) 通常的準備工作After the usual preliminaries the meeting began.慣常的開場套話之後,會議開始了。PREPOSITIONas a preliminary作為準備工作The two presidents met today, as a preliminary to resuming the peace talks.兩位總統今天會面了,為重啟和談做準備。preliminary to⋯的準備工作an essential preliminary to serious research進行嚴肅研究必不可少的預備工作PHRASESwithout preliminaries直截了當地She began speaking intensely, without preliminaries.她一句客套話都沒說就開始了熱情的演講。
TOEFL IELTS BNC: 3851 COCA: 4404
preliminary adj.
first
TOEFL IELTS BNC: 3851 COCA: 4404
preliminary
Before a time or event: before, first, early...
Preparations and plans: preparation, agreement, plan...

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