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TOEFL BNC: 2762 COCA: 3549

plain

Word family
plain1 /pleɪn/ ●●● S2 W3 adjectiveadj   plane
1 clear 清楚的CLEAR/EASY TO UNDERSTAND very clear, and easy to understand or recognize 清楚的,明白的,显而易见的,明显的 SYN obvious
it is plain (that)
 It was plain that Giles was not going to agree.
显然贾尔斯是不会同意的。
 The advantages were plain to see.
优势显而易见。
 You have made your feelings plain enough.
你已经明确表示了你的感受。
 Let me make it plain (=state it clearly). We do not want you here.
让我明说吧,我们不想你待在这儿。
make yourself plain (=make what you are saying clear) 把自己的话说得很明白
 If you do that again you will be severely punished. Do I make myself plain?
如果再那么干,你就会受到严厉惩罚,我说清楚了吗?
as plain as day/the nose on your face (=very clear) 极为明显的,非常清楚的
2 in plain English/language in clear and simple words, without using technical language 用简单的英语/语言
 The document, written in plain English, tells you about your new policy.
这份文件用简明的英语写成,解释了你们的新政策。
Examples from the Corpus
3 simple 简单的SIMPLE without anything added or without decoration 无装饰的,简单的,朴素的,单纯的 SYN simple
 a plain white blouse
一件朴素的白衬衫
 a plain wooden table
一张朴素的木桌
 plain yoghurt
原味酸奶
 a plain gold wedding ring
一枚式样简单的黄金婚戒
 Your essay should be written on plain paper (=paper with no lines on it).
你的文章应该写在无格白纸上。
4 honest 诚实的CLEAR/HONEST showing clearly and honestly what is true or what you think about something 坦白的,直率的,爽快的 SYN frank, candid
 Let’s have some plain, truthful answers.
让我们听听坦率而真实的回答吧。
 I don’t know, and that’s the plain truth.
我不知道,真的不知道。
 The plain fact is people still buy books.
事实很明显,人们还在购买书籍。
5 emphasis 强调VERY [only before noun] spoken used to emphasize that a particular type of behaviour, attitude etc is involved, usually a bad one 完全的,十足的〔一般用于强调不好的行为或态度〕
 His motive was plain greed.
他的动机纯粹是贪婪。
 When you told him his house was too cold that was just plain bad manners.
你跟他说他的屋子里太冷,这很不礼貌。
6 not beautiful 不漂亮的UGLY not beautiful or attractive – often used because you want to avoid saying this directly 不好看的,不漂亮的,相貌平平的〔委婉说法〕
5 Mrs Cookson was a rather plain woman.
库克森夫人是个相貌平平的女人。
n Mrs Jones was a rather plain woman.
plain Jane (=used to talk about a woman who is not beautiful) 没有姿色的女人,外表平凡的女子
7. in plain clothes SCPpolice officers in plain clothes are not wearing uniform 〔警察〕穿便衣的 plain-clothes
Examples from the Corpus
8 (just) plain Mr/Mrs etc spoken used to show that someone does not have or use a special title (仅仅是)不带头衔[称号]的先生/夫人等〔用来表示某人没有或不使用特殊头衔等〕
 I don’t call him Uncle – just plain Bill.
我不叫他叔叔,就叫他比尔。
Examples from the Corpus
9 be plain sailing EASYto be very easy to do or achieve 一帆风顺,非常顺利
 If you can answer the first question, the rest of the test should be plain sailing.
如果你能答出测验的第一题,其余的题目就都是小菜一碟了。
Examples from the Corpus
10 in plain sight  American EnglishAmE if something is in plain sight, it is easy to see or notice, especially when it should be hidden 显眼的,露眼的
Examples from the Corpus
plainness noun [uncountableU]
nTHESAURUS
plain without anything added, or without decoration
a plain shirt
The fireplace was plain apart from a small design at the top.
simple not having a lot of decoration or unnecessary things, but attractive
She was wearing a simple black dress.
The accommodation is simple but clean.
austere very plain and with very little decoration, or very little in it – used about a room or place that does not make you feel welcome
He dreaded having dinner in that austere dining room.
The building was grey and a little austere.
the austere beauty and grandeur of mountain scenery
spartan plain and without anything that would make life easier or more comfortable – used especially about rooms, conditions, or ways of living
Her apartment is quite spartan.
They had a very spartan life.
stark very plain in a surprising way, with very little colour or decoration – used about rooms and places
Sam sat looking at the stark white walls.
It is a landscape of stark beauty.
bare empty, or not covered by any decorations
Her office seemed very bare now that her desk had gone.
He was tired of looking at the bare walls of his prison cell.
Examples from the Corpus
Related topics: Geography, Sewing & knitting
plain2 ●●○ noun  
1 (also plains) [countableC]SG a large area of flat dry land (大)平原 prairie
2. [uncountableU]DLH the ordinary stitch in knitting 〔编织的〕平针
nCOLLOCATIONS
adjectives
the open plain(s)
On the open plains of east Africa are zebras, antelopes, and gazelles.
the vast/great plain(s)
Beyond lay the vast plains of the Central Valley.
a flat plain
Here a group of small hills rises unexpectedly out of the flat plain.
a grassy plain
The village is situated on the high grassy plains at the foot of the Sierra.
a fertile plain
The rains washed soil down to create fertile plains.
Examples from the Corpus
plain3 adverbadv  
informalVERY used to emphasize an adjective, usually one referring to a bad quality 简直;完全〔用于强调,一般指不好的素质〕
 It’s just plain crazy to spend all your pay as soon as you get it.
薪水一拿到手就花光,你简直是疯了。
Examples from the Corpus
Origin plain1
(1200-1300) Old French Latin planus flat, level, clear
TOEFL BNC: 2762 COCA: 3549
plain

noun

ADJECTIVE | VERB + PLAIN | PREPOSITION ADJECTIVEopen開闊的平原The horses galloped across the open plains.馬兒飛奔過開闊的平原。rolling連綿起伏的平原miles of rolling plain, made fertile by the river被河流澆灌得十分肥沃、連綿起伏數英里的平原great, vast大平原;遼闊的平原flat, flood平坦的平原;洪泛區fertile肥沃的平原fertile plains suitable for farming適宜耕作的肥沃平原arid, barren乾旱的/貧瘠的平原grassy草原coastal濱海平原VERB + PLAINcross, roam穿越/漫遊平原Herds of buffalo roamed these plains.成群的水牛漫步在這些平原上。PREPOSITIONacross a/the plain穿越平原Cattle move freely across the grassy plain.牛群自由自在地走過草原。in a/the plain在平原上the Olduvai Gorge in the vast plain of Tanzania坦桑尼亞廣闊平原上的奧杜瓦伊峽谷on a/the plain在平原上Nothing grew on the plain.這片平原寸草不生。
plain

adjective¹

1simple/not decorated簡單;無裝飾VERBS | ADVERB | PHRASES VERBSbe, look, seem樸素;看上去簡樸;好像簡樸ADVERBextremely, fairly, very, etc.極為/頗為/非常樸素The food was fairly plain, but well cooked.雖然都是家常菜,但是做得很好。completely十分樸素The dress was completely plain, but quite stunning.這件裙裝非常簡單,但是十分漂亮。PHRASESplain blue, white, etc.純藍色、純白色等a plain white shirt純白色襯衫
plain

adjective²

2clear清楚VERBS | ADVERB | PREPOSITION VERBSbe, seem清楚;好像清楚become變得清楚make sth使⋯清楚明白They made it plain that they were against the idea.他們明確表示反對這個觀點。ADVERBfairly, very, etc.相當/非常清楚absolutely, perfectly, quite絕對/十分/相當清楚Within weeks, it became perfectly plain that we were in the grip of a tyrant.沒過幾個星期,事情就變得很清楚了:我們落在了暴君手裏。increasingly越來越清楚reasonably (especially BrE) 相當明白PREPOSITIONto對⋯來說清楚It is all very plain to me.在我看來非常清楚。
TOEFL BNC: 2762 COCA: 3549
plain adj.
plain1 (a plain white shirt) plain2 (the plain truth) average (plain common sense) clear1 (plain to see) clear2 (plain English) ugly (a plain girl) plain sailing easy1
plain1

adjective

a plain white shirt 白衬衣the plain truth 显而易见的事实plain ♦︎ simple ♦︎ bare ♦︎ stark ♦︎ severe ♦︎ austereThese words all describe things that have no decoration or other unnecessary additions. 这些词均表示不加修饰的、简朴的。SYNONYM SCALE 词义标尺 下图显示这些词所表达简朴的程度
plainstark
simplesevere
bareaustere
PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配a plain / a simple / an austere designa plain / simple / bare interiorthe simple / stark / austere lines of stha plain / simple / bare / stark white...a plain / simple / stark / severe black...very plain / simple / bare / austererather plain / stark / severe / austerealmost bare / severe / austere plain without decoration, a pattern, marks or other additions; not complicated 无修饰的;无花纹的;素的;简单的Wear it with a plain white shirt.把它和白衬衣配着穿。Patterned carpet shows the dirt less than a plain colour.花色地毯比单色地毯耐脏。Do you want plain or lined paper?你想要白纸还是条格纸?plain food / cooking清淡的食物;简单的烹调方法plain yogurt (= without sugar or fruit) 原味酸奶 OPP fancy decorative see also plain ugly plainly

adverb

She was plainly dressed and wore no make-up.她穿着朴素,不施脂粉。
simple (especially written, usually approving) basic or plain, without anything extra or unnecessary; consisting of only a few parts; not complicated in structure 朴素的;简朴的;部件少的;结构简单的The best gowns are simple and elegant.最好的礼服要简单、雅致。We had a simple meal of soup and bread.我们喝汤,吃面包,凑合了一顿。The accommodation is simple but spacious.住处很简朴,但很宽敞。It's quite a simple machine (= one that is not complicated and has only a few parts).这部机器一点也不复杂。 (grammar 语法) a simple sentence (= one with only one verb) 简单句 OPP fancy decorative simplicity sɪmˈplɪsəti

noun

[uncountable] (approving) the simplicity of the architecture建筑风格的简洁质朴
simply

adverb

The rooms were simply furnished.房间配有简单的家具。They live simply (= they do not spend much money).他们过着简朴的生活。
bare (especially written) (of surfaces) not covered with or protected by anything (表面)无遮盖的,没有保护物的bare wooden floorboards未铺地毯的木地板The walls were bare except for a small mirror.墙上光秃秃的,只有一面小镜子。They found themselves in a huge bare hall.他们发现自己在一个空荡荡的大厅里。 stark (especially written, often disapproving) without any colour, decoration or comfort 了无修饰的;粗陋的The corridors were stark and uncarpeted.走廊上没有装饰,也没铺地毯。The hills stood stark against the winter sky.冬日的天空下,小山了无生气。 severe (usually disapproving) extremely plain and without anything that makes it look soft or beautiful 过于简朴的Her hair was cut in a very short, severe style.她的头发剪得非常短,没有花样。She was wearing a severe dark grey jacket.她穿了一件很普通的深灰色夹克。 severely

adverb

Her hair was tied severely in a bun.她的头发简单地盘成了一个发髻。
austere ɒˈstɪə(r), ɔːˈstɪə(r); NAmE ɔːˈstɪr (especially written, usually approving) simple and plain, with no decoration, usually because that is what sb prefers (通常因个人喜好)朴素的,简陋的,无华饰的the austere simplicity of the building建筑物的朴素无华the lonely, austere beauty of his painting of a station in the snow他那幅雪中车站油画的孤独、朴素之美
plain

noun

plain ♦︎ plateau ♦︎ grassland ♦︎ prairie ♦︎ lowland ♦︎ savannah ♦︎ steppe ♦︎ pampasThese words all mean a large area of land. 这些词均表示平原、高原或草原。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配on the plains / the plateau / grassland / the prairie / the savannah / the steppes / the pampasin grassland / the lowlands / the savannah / the steppes / the pampasthe open plain / plateau / grassland / prairie / savannahthe rolling plain / plateau / grasslands / prairiethe high plains / plateau plain [countable] ( plains [plural]) a large area of flat land 平原To the east lies the flat coastal plain of the Yucatan peninsula.东边是尤卡坦半岛平坦的海滨平原。Millions of buffalo used to roam freely across the Great Plains.数百万只野牛曾经在北美洲大平原无拘无束地活动。 plateau ˈplætəʊ; NAmE plæˈtoʊ [countable] (plural plateaus or plateauxplæˈtəʊz; NAmE plæˈtoʊz)an area of flat land that is higher than the land around it 高原From a narrow fringe of coastal plain, the main island rises to a central plateau.主岛的沿海地带狭窄平缓,中部隆起形成高原。 grassland ˈgrɑːslænd; NAmE ˈgræslænd [uncountable] ( grasslands [plural]) a large area of open land covered with wild grass 草原;草地;草场The lion adapted itself to dry, open grassland where a yellow coat was most effective.狮子适应了干燥、开阔的草原,黄色的皮毛最适合这样的环境。 prairie ˈpreəri; NAmE ˈpreri [countable, uncountable] a flat wide area of land in North America, without many trees and originally covered with grass 北美草原The North American prairie was once the world's largest grassland.北美草原曾经是世界上最大的草原。 lowland ˈləʊlənd; NAmE ˈloʊlənd [countable, usually plural] an area of land that is fairly flat and not very high above sea level 低地the lowlands of Scotland苏格兰低地Much of the region is lowland.该地区大部分是低地。 OPP highlands hill lowland

adjective

lowland areas / farmers低地地区;生活在低地的农场主
savannah ( savanna) səˈvænə [countable, uncountable] a wide flat open area of land that is covered with grass and has few trees, especially in Africa (尤指非洲的)稀树草原Mount Kilimanjaro rises straight up out of the African savannah.乞力马扎罗山在非洲草原上拔地而起。 steppe step [countable, usually plural, uncountable] a large area of land that is covered with grass but has few trees, especially in SE Europe and Siberia (尤指东南欧和西伯利亚树少的)大草原,干草原The Cossacks are best known as the roving horsemen of the Russian steppes.哥萨克人以漂泊在俄罗斯草原的马背民族著称。 pampas ˈpæmpəs, NAmE also ˈpæmpəz (usually the pampas 通常作the pampas) [singular + singular or plural verb] the large area of land in South America that is covered in grass and has few trees (南美洲的)大草原,草甸The novel depicts life on the Argentine pampas.这部小说描写了阿根廷大草原的生活。
plain2

adjective

a plain white shirt 白衬衣the plain truth 显而易见的事实 See also the entry for honest 另见honest条plain ♦︎ simple ♦︎ stark ♦︎ bare ♦︎ unequivocal ♦︎ baldThese words are all used to describe facts and statements that are very clear and direct, especially when they are unpleasant in some way. 这些词均表示直接的、明显的,尤用于令人不快的事实。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配the plain / simple / stark / bare / unequivocal / bald trutha plain / a simple / a stark / a bare / an unequivocal / a bald fact / statementa plain / a simple / an unequivocal answer plain used to describe a fact that other people may not like to hear; honest and direct in way that other people may not like (事实)明显而令人不快的;坦白的;直接的The plain fact is that nobody really knows.事实很清楚:没有人真正了解。He's a politician with a reputation for plain speaking.他是说话直率出了名的政治人物。Let's be plain about this: we will need to make some difficult choices.我们还是直截了当地说吧:我们得作出艰苦的抉择。 (especially NAmE) He was a plain, straightforward sort of man.他这人很直率,从来不绕弯子。 see also plain average , plain clear adj. 2 plainly

adverb

To put it plainly, he's a crook.挑明了说吧,他是个骗子。
simple [only before noun] used to describe a fact that other people may not like to hear; very obvious and not complicated by anything else (事实)明显而令人不快的;简单易明的The simple truth is that we just can't afford it.明摆着,我们就是买不起。I had to do it for the simple reason that (= because) I couldn't trust anyone else.我之所以这么做,原因很简单,我信不过別人。It's a simple matter of giving them enough to eat.事情很简单,就是给他们足够吃的东西。 simply

adverb

I don't want to be rude, it's simply that we have to be careful who we give this information to.我不想无礼,不过这信息到底给谁我们得谨慎。He was loud, vulgar and arrogant-quite simply the rudest man I've ever met!他说话粗声大气,举止粗俗傲慢-简直是我见过的最没教养的人!
NOTE 辨析 Plain or simple?When it is being used to emphasize facts that other people may not like to hear, plain is usually used in the expression the plain fact/truth is that... Simple can be used in this way too, but it can also be used in a wider variety of structures and collocations (such as with reason and matter). * plain强调他人不愿听到的事实时,通常用于the plain fact/truth is that ...。simple也可以这么用,但是结构和搭配用法更多,如与reason和matter搭配The problem was due to the simple fact that...问题源于一个简单的事实⋯The problem was due to the plain fact that... for the plain reason that... It's a plain matter of... Expressions with simple often suggest impatience with other people's behaviour. * simple构成的表达法常有对他人的行为不耐烦之意Nobody wanted to believe the simple truth (= it was easy to see and understand the true facts; people just didn't want to believe them).事实明摆着,就是没有人相信。
stark (especially written, usually disapproving) used to describe an unpleasant fact or difference that is very obvious (事实)严酷的;(区别)鲜明的The government faced a stark choice between civil war and martial law.政府面临残酷的选择,内战还是戒严。Social divisions in the city are stark.城市里社会分化很明显。The good weather was in stark contrast to the storms of previous weeks.这好天气和前几周的暴风雨形成鲜明的对比。 see also sharp marked starkly

adverb

These theories contrast starkly with the reality of everyday life.这些理论和日常生活现实形成鲜明对照。
bare [only before noun] the most basic or simple, with nothing extra 最基本的;最简单的She gave me only the bare facts of the case.她只给我介绍了这一案件的基本情况。The family was short of even the bare necessities of life.这家人甚至没有最起码的生活所需。We only had the bare essentials in the way of equipment.我们只有最基本的设备。He did the bare minimum of work but still passed the exam.他只下了最少的功夫,但仍然通过了考试。 unequivocal ˌʌnɪˈkwɪvəkl (formal) expressing your opinion or intention very clearly and firmly 表达明确的;毫不含糊的;斩钉截铁的She gave a typically unequivocal answer.她一如既往,回答得斩钉截铁。The reply was an unequivocal 'no'.回答是个干脆利落的“不”字。 OPP equivocal An equivocal statement does not have one clear or definite meaning and can be understood in more than one way. * equivocal指意思含混的,因而可能有不同的理解。 unequivocally

adverb

He stated unequivocally that he knew nothing about the document.他明确地说他对那份文件一无所知。
bald describing a rather unpleasant fact or statement that is given without any extra explanation or detail to help you accept what is being said 不加赘述的;简单的;赤裸裸的The bald fact is that we don't need you any longer.事实很简单,我们不再需要你了。The letter was a bald statement of our legal position.那封信直截了当地说明了我们的法律立场。A bald fact is usually more unpleasant than a plain/simple fact, but not as unpleasant as a stark fact. * bald fact通常比plain/simple fact更让人不愉快,但是不及stark fact那样令人不快。
TOEFL BNC: 2762 COCA: 3549
plain
Clear to the senses: obvious, apparent, show up...
Obvious: obvious, clear, significant...
Undecorated: plain, simple, functional...
Ugly or not attractive: ugly, grim, unattractive...
Large areas of land: field, highveld, land mass...
Ways of emphasizing how bad something is: utterly, sadly, hopelessly...

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