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- doubt 913
- ozone 284
- frappé 78
- chick 164
- forging 89
- jokiness 66
- markedly 86
- civil engineering 174
- Already 283
- refer to sth 24
- trashcan 65
- monogamic 56
- Sugarless 27
- cocker-spaniel 87
- side effects 82
- Sculpture 22
- program 839
- munching 130
- aristocratic 236
- quatrain 98
- Peaceful 333
- lutenist 55
- jumbled 107
- patriarchal 265
- control-tower 108
- Scatter 303
- ghost 754
- come at 211
- chasten 231
- Sweetie 83
- buggery 186
- front burner 113
- four-square 173
- Spice 157
- Start 278
- Sublimely 90
- spelling 680
- krypton 116
- gigged 78
- timeout 87
- Odorous 204
- Blonder 100
- spot-on 101
- blinkered 197
- Foresee 239
- bandage 299
- lunatic 318
- consist 737
- Eatable 72
- Andorra 129
- Banquet 174
- hemline 121
- Receded 80
- dowsing 107
- age limit 201
- trestle 136
- jobless 345
- sensationalize 103
- ammeter 86
- Channel 340
- fabrics 82
- mulled 56
- passing 205
- overlying 55
- diggers 96
- catalepsy 204
- Scruffy 44
- patriarchism 58
- seamanlike 60
- biathlete 84
- cataloguing 102
- impunities 73
- parachutist 116
- barefaced 234
- unaccustomed 107
- flammability 124
- occupational 189
- pachydermic 53
- shattering 148
- dismayingly 81
- homeopathist 73
- leapt 92
- unimpressive 94
- prevalences 30
- Reserved 257
- unsocially 56
- chairperson 255
- hard-headed 101
- trafficking 376
- miniaturize 84
- maintenance 857
- grapefruit 162
- turkman 66
- ride on something 712
- emotionalism 153
- catholicism 180
- bunk 327
- hearteningly 64
- instructor 144
- innovatively 54
- peerage 108
- stereotyping 130
- do without 198
- upholsteries 55
- gamete 162
- stunningly 117
- centralized 111
- happenstance 113
- Groan 94
- Exhausted 692
- contribute 1507
- anthologies 85
- reassuringly 168
- achievable 138
- Archive 82
- gaslighting 89
- tarmacking 51
- housewifely 62
- stagflation 102
- zambian 90
- unsatisfying 185
- manspreading 96
- choirmaster 174
- numismatics 105
- conflictual 97
- affluently 90
- boll 157
- phantasies 65
- equestrian 187
- precaution 842
- confusedly 129
- topographies 66
- expulsive 106
- episcopalian 190
- essentiality 100
- parochialism 129
- processional 94
- frankenstein 170
- psychometric 106
- ministerial 92
- melancholiac 68
- Camouflage 213
- guttersnipe 281
- bewitching 126
- lose-lose 23
- presumption 126
- Relentless 139
- adventuring 61
- hypertension 170
- exhilarative 57
- michaelmas 110
- peninsular 40
- plexiglas 95
- characterful 125
- enfranchise 192
- plasticity 235
- accustom 634
- jump rope 150
- recuperation 45
- replication 56
- submariner 234
- christianize 90
- Feeble 201
- unassailable 144
- notification 202
- kingfisher 92
- mechanisms 65
- replacement 127
- Judgement 163
- laryngitis 116
- overreaching 43
- appertain to something 87
- pardner 85
- appraiser 100
- Harshly 110
- simultaneous 530
- dreidel 82
- reproductive 275
- concise 344
- puzzlement 112
- cooling 89
- fixture 321
- tactful 328
- apostolicity 144
- gushing 131
- grounds 96
- ascendible 118
- rapture 197
- Duct 173
- dissemblance 100
- randier 66
- extravagancy 93
- stringy 347
- sacramental 61
- windier 54
- creamer 222
- tangent 497
- fruited 85
- redhead 111
- metrics 138
- overlapping 73
- disarmingly 35
- dictaphone 293
- bafflement 90
- urogenital 93
- antigenicity 181
- dollarize 63
- factionalism 145
- respectfully 157
- enthusiasts 66
- Sleek 117
- recite 665
- praseodymium 75
- pumpernickel 134
- er 205
- scalability 80
- chlamydiae 79
- haute cuisine 68
- birkenstock 101
- crochetings 78
- behaviourism 179
- contrite 233
- smash 800
- sectarianism 79
- sprightlier 69
- Frivolity 102
- clubbiness 80
- effectively 261
- sublimeness 57
- silversmith 97
- sasquatch 97
- premenstrual 107
- Tapestry 168
- providential 236
- moldova 97
- antebellum 158
- practising 404
- meetinghouse 107
- countersign 232
- perturbation 104
- fathomable 97
- kyrgyzstan 108
- lawrencium 72
- Biomass 138
- squarishly 60
- flurry 310
- impersonal 197
- automobile 721
- affectional 92
- Threat 409
- positionally 55
- accompanist 173
- lulu 83
- inflectional 52
- brutishness 132
- conservative 308
- chickenpox 139
- snore 389
- tulle 105
- Films 84
- caster 152
- practicably 120
- syndicalist 203
- gravel 243
- vietnamese 96
- flickering 91
- ambiguities 83
- kneecap 131
- calisthenics 154
- plebeianly 60
- overtaking 65
- til 160
- afflicting 92
- vindicable 65
- hammerings 95
- specialities 58
- mentalities 63
- molecularity 59
- countryseat 89
- Contravene 107
- tranquillize 118
- Assad, Hafez al- 52
- scaffolding 219
- homicidal 128
- tower 741
- filibuster 216
- erasability 102
- bomber jacket 195
- lubricated 73
- rectifiable 58
- exploiting 59
- cacophonies 94
- manoeuvrable 120
- confused 525
- compelling 405
- Convocation 42
- permeability 60
- apotheosize 131
- transitively 118
- streamlined 66
- quadruplet 125
- blockbuster 315
- parcelling 58
- senseless 115
- multiplicity 110
- First 272
- hiding 116
- valuableness 125
- oversimplify 127
- televisual 85
- proclamation 307
- coasteering 128
- plebiscite 98
- Imperative 373
- helmsmanship 58
- impatience 118
- unenviable 102
- Complain 401
- snappingly 53
- maoism 98
- camouflaged 91
- podium 147
- cramp 379
- dissected 88
- Summit 372
- shapeliest 69
- sunday 235
- Squishy 61
- overflight 61
- errant 243
- pyramid 208
- governmental 332
- sexpot 89
- counterfoil 193
- capped 112
- fava-bean 86
- bisque 183
- fermentative 109
- linesman 132
- fanfic 207
- leapfrogging 72
- mishandling 58
- wreath 621
- unnervingly 69
- Compile 244
- Diesel 173
- gantries 77
- revise 812
- appendectomy 186
- budder 75
- stamen 117
- overfishing 119
- Traffic jam 74
- pictish 74
- somnambulism 57
- atelier 180
- childbearing 169
- noticer 64
- cesspit 148
- calamities 79
- Skirt 241
- highjacking 52
- princeliest 53
- lubrication 68
- viscountcy 61
- submergible 58
- skydive 66
- documental 89
- Cosmonaut 70
- achieving 72
- army 1060
- Alleyway 269
- computerlike 86
- systematize 95
- cumulonimbus 148
- polemicist 85
- combinable 142
- inapplicable 101
- agriculture 833
- dollybird 64
- consummate 197
- indubitable 60
- switzerland 87
- airtightness 112
- Vilify 87
- competently 136
- compliancy 82
- unappealing 151
- karabiner 67
- buckle 375
- tamper-proof 191
- theatricals 92
- dangerously 166
- unbeatably 54
- philatelic 96
- insolvency 52
- photoelectric 71
- bacteriology 198
- uplifting 357
- astrophysics 200
- expansional 161
- reflectively 128
- thiamin 121
- commutable 110
- compostable 167
- gracefully 73
- as blind as a bat 41
- anglophobe 156
- heterozygous 74
- inextricable 106
- extractions 99
- ephemerality 98
- scrupulosity 108
- Manufacturers 149
- substances 126
- troublemaker 107
- ringmaster 128
- temper 775
- Blight 63
- starter 159
- appropriately 62
- pigmentation 105
- cheating 119
- eulogistic 148
- obstructing 115
- Extort 207
- constipate 92
- Citrus 11
- demonstrable 236
- amuse 817
- sturdier 153
- elasticize 91
- stalagmite 119
- dinner jacket 209
- centralities 116
- fatigability 77
- flexibility 383
- tattletale 99
- communicable 223
- marvelling 65
- scattering 100
- scapegoatism 55
- Ornery 130
- disreputable 388
- plentifully 93
- cybernetics 224
- serving 146
- clementines 88
- checkpoint 165
- kneecapping 51
- emasculate 227
- flamboyantly 111
- incredible 412
- alarmist 293
- countryfied 74
- squeezable 67
- craps 115
- therapeutist 55
- Contingent 180
- conceptually 128
- etymologist 107
- pyrotechnic 60
- Top 380
- psephologist 49
- submitting 63
- exponential 287
- leprechaun 115
- Surname 329
- ghetto 239
- grouchiest 78
- robust 329
- Offspring 307
- disturbingly 210
- nectar 224
- tabernacles 50
- biodiesel 194
- Joseph 65
- sterlingly 54
- crease 355
- shaker 191
- pasteurize 129
- scally 144
- advancements 67
- Holder 170
- trivialize 501
- accidently 98
- almost 245
- Persecute 134
- dharma 141
- viscountship 56
- Forbid 175
- uppercutting 42
- waxing 64
- make do 42
- enfold 177
- unambiguous 122
- pilaff 85
- finalities 102
- goal 858
- please 429
plain
Word family
plain1 /pleɪn/ ●●● S2 W3 adjectiveadj → plane
1 clear 清楚的CLEAR/EASY TO UNDERSTAND very clear, and easy to understand or recognize 清楚的，明白的，顯而易見的，明顯的 SYN obvious
it is plain (that)
It was plain that Giles was not going to agree.
顯然賈爾斯是不會同意的。
The advantages were plain to see.
優勢顯而易見。
You have made your feelings plain enough.
你已經明確表示了你的感受。
Let me make it plain (=state it clearly). We do not want you here.
讓我明說吧，我們不想你待在這兒。
make yourself plain (=make what you are saying clear) 把自己的話說得很明白
If you do that again you will be severely punished. Do I make myself plain?
如果再那麽幹，你就會受到嚴厲懲罰，我說清楚了嗎？
as plain as day/the nose on your face (=very clear) 極爲明顯的，非常清楚的
2 in plain English/language in clear and simple words, without using technical language 用簡單的英語/語言
The document, written in plain English, tells you about your new policy.
這份文件用簡明的英語寫成，解釋了你們的新政策。
Examples from the Corpus
in plain English/language• A weekly publication that analyzes some 1,700 different stocks, Value Line is written in plain language.• Our subsequent telephone conversation was a study in plain language, but McFarlane held his ground and made no apologies.
3 simple 簡單的SIMPLE without anything added or without decoration 無裝飾的，簡單的，樸素的，單純的 SYN simple
a plain white blouse
一件樸素的白襯衫
a plain wooden table
一張樸素的木桌
plain yoghurt
原味酸奶
a plain gold wedding ring
一枚式樣簡單的黃金婚戒
Your essay should be written on plain paper (=paper with no lines on it).
你的文章應該寫在無格白紙上。
4 honest 誠實的CLEAR/HONEST showing clearly and honestly what is true or what you think about something 坦白的，直率的，爽快的 SYN frank, candid
Let’s have some plain, truthful answers.
讓我們聽聽坦率而真實的回答吧。
I don’t know, and that’s the plain truth.
我不知道，真的不知道。
The plain fact is people still buy books.
事實很明顯，人們還在購買書籍。
5 emphasis 強調VERY [only before noun] spoken used to emphasize that a particular type of behaviour, attitude etc is involved, usually a bad one 完全的，十足的〔一般用於強調不好的行爲或態度〕
His motive was plain greed.
他的動機純粹是貪婪。
When you told him his house was too cold that was just plain bad manners.
你跟他說他的屋子裏太冷，這很不禮貌。
6 not beautiful 不漂亮的UGLY not beautiful or attractive – often used because you want to avoid saying this directly 不好看的，不漂亮的，相貌平平的〔委婉說法〕
5Mrs Cookson was a rather plain woman.
庫克森夫人是個相貌平平的女人。
nMrs Jones was a rather plain woman.
plain Jane (=used to talk about a woman who is not beautiful) 沒有姿色的女人，外表平凡的女子
7. in plain clothes SCPpolice officers in plain clothes are not wearing uniform 〔警察〕穿便衣的 → plain-clothes
Examples from the Corpus
in plain clothes• They were in plain clothes and, in his opinion, drunk, arrogant and overpowering.• Large men in plain clothes and short haircuts had wanted to know his business.• Mr Montesinos was escorted by agents in plain clothes into a helicopter shortly after arriving at Lima airport.• In uniform and in plain clothes, roughly 50 were on different shifts asking each shopper for more information.
8 (just) plain Mr/Mrs etc spoken used to show that someone does not have or use a special title （僅僅是）不帶頭銜[稱號]的先生/夫人等〔用來表示某人沒有或不使用特殊頭銜等〕
I don’t call him Uncle – just plain Bill.
我不叫他叔叔，就叫他比爾。
Examples from the Corpus
9 be plain sailing EASYto be very easy to do or achieve 一帆風順，非常順利
If you can answer the first question, the rest of the test should be plain sailing.
如果你能答出測驗的第一題，其餘的題目就都是小菜一碟了。
Examples from the Corpus
be plain sailing• Get the mitres right and the rest is plain sailing.• I recognized that all would not be plain sailing.• In any event, it will not be plain sailing.• Roderick Conway Morris says it's not going to be plain sailing.
10 in plain sight American EnglishAmE if something is in plain sight, it is easy to see or notice, especially when it should be hidden 顯眼的，露眼的
Don’t leave your valuables in plain sight.
不要把你的貴重物品放在顯眼的地方。
Examples from the Corpus
—plainness noun [uncountableU]
n THESAURUS
plain without anything added, or without decoration
a plain shirt
The fireplace was plain apart from a small design at the top.
simple not having a lot of decoration or unnecessary things, but attractive
She was wearing a simple black dress.
The accommodation is simple but clean.
austere very plain and with very little decoration, or very little in it – used about a room or place that does not make you feel welcome
He dreaded having dinner in that austere dining room.
The building was grey and a little austere.
the austere beauty and grandeur of mountain scenery
spartan plain and without anything that would make life easier or more comfortable – used especially about rooms, conditions, or ways of living
Her apartment is quite spartan.
They had a very spartan life.
stark very plain in a surprising way, with very little colour or decoration – used about rooms and places
Sam sat looking at the stark white walls.
It is a landscape of stark beauty.
bare empty, or not covered by any decorations
Her office seemed very bare now that her desk had gone.
He was tired of looking at the bare walls of his prison cell.
Examples from the Corpus
plain• Once again, the desirability of clear terms of contract, coupled perhaps with an unambiguous job description, is plain.• The company makes plain and sweet biscuits and soda crackers.• Catherine, who had been rather plain as a child, was now an attractive young woman.• a plain blue suit• He put the letter in a plain brown envelope.• The document is written in plain English.• Fit a plain glass or polaroid filter over the lens Load the cassette into the camcorder in dust-free conditions.• Or is it just plain indifference?• Miles was the plain one in an otherwise good-looking family.• Stuffed hard-boiled eggs, most often called deviled eggs, can be spicy, plain or very exotic.• Cool for 1 minute, then trim using a plain pastry cutter which is slightly larger than the biscuits.• She spoke slowly and carefully, using plain simple language.• plain vanilla ice cream• Do you have any plain white shirts?• The chapel was a small, plain, white-washed building.
it is plain (that)• I have given up begging to be taken back into service since it is plain Annunciata is preferred.• From what I have heard of you it is plain enough you have fled from somewhere.• However this may be, it is plain that the district judge must have tacitly rejected the argument.• Yet it is plain that the selfishness of a gene can have nothing whatever in common with human egoism.
plain paper• Displaying the results Smart presentation of results should always be done on plain paper.• Therefore, the letter was on plain paper.• All this information must also be included on captions, and if plain paper is being used the address should be added.
the plain truth• I've never seen her before in my life, and that's the plain truth.• That is not a metaphor, it is the plain truth.• But the plain truth is that we can not say what was really done for the children or what the results were.
plain2 ●●○ noun
1 (also plains) [countableC]SG a large area of flat dry land （大）平原 → prairie
The grassy plain gave way to an extensive swamp.
青草覆蓋的平原被廣闊的沼澤地所取代。
the vast plains of central China
華中地區的廣闊平原
n COLLOCATIONS
adjectives
the open plain(s)
On the open plains of east Africa are zebras, antelopes, and gazelles.
the vast/great plain(s)
Beyond lay the vast plains of the Central Valley.
a flat plain
Here a group of small hills rises unexpectedly out of the flat plain.
a grassy plain
The village is situated on the high grassy plains at the foot of the Sierra.
a fertile plain
The rains washed soil down to create fertile plains.
Examples from the Corpus
plain• The Cheyenne, who also once lived in Minnesota, hunted the region of the Black Hills and the central plains.• the central Oahu plain• Some smooth plains consist of infill in some medium sized craters.• This impressive stone building has a commanding site on a hill above the surrounding plain.• At night there were no longer any bonfires to be seen, either on the hill or way out on the surrounding plain.• Today, most travellers who see the plains do it from thirty thousand feet.• the plains of Nebraska• The plain below where the buildings once stood is as empty as when Crazy Horse surrendered there.• Tipi poles were made of the slender trunks of young lodgepole pines, and were rare items on the treeless plains.• The mica dams dry out to form white plains, with a consistency of putty.
Examples from the Corpus
plain• Tell me plainly what you want.• The leaflet plainly states what the party's position is on immigration.• There was another little room, the Quiet Room, plain concrete block walls without chairs or windows.• He possesses plain good sense, and is in the full confidence of his Countrymen.• Stella Duncan was just plain lost.• They'd all queue up-excited, mistrustful or just plain scared.
(1200-1300) Old French Latin planus “flat, level, clear”
plain1 adjectiveadj →n THESAURUS1plain2 noun →n COLLOCATIONS1plain3 adverbadv
LDOCE Online
Corpus
noun
adjective¹
adjective²
plain adj.
⇨ plain 1 (a plain white shirt) ⇨ plain 2 (the plain truth) ⇨ average (plain common sense) ⇨ clear 1 (plain to see) ⇨ clear 2 (plain English) ⇨ ugly (a plain girl) ⇨ plain sailing ⇨ easy 1 plain 1 a plain white shirt 白襯衣 the plain truth 顯而易見的事實 plain ♦︎ simple ♦︎ bare ♦︎ stark ♦︎ severe ♦︎ austere These words all describe things that have no decoration or other unnecessary additions. 這些詞均表示不加修飾的、簡樸的。 SYNONYM SCALE 詞義標尺 下圖顯示這些詞所表達簡樸的程度
PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配 ◆ a plain / a simple / an austere design ◆ a plain / simple / bare interior ◆ the simple / stark / austere lines of sth ◆ a plain / simple / bare / stark white... ◆ a plain / simple / stark / severe black... ◆ very plain / simple / bare / austere◆ rather plain / stark / severe / austere◆ almost bare / severe / austere■ plain without decoration, a pattern, marks or other additions; not complicated 無修飾的；無花紋的；素的；簡單的 ◆ Wear it with a plain white shirt.把它和白襯衣配着穿。 ◆ Patterned carpet shows the dirt less than a plain colour.花色地毯比單色地毯耐髒。 ◆ Do you want plain or lined paper?你想要白紙還是條格紙？ ◆ plain food / cooking清淡的食物；簡單的烹調方法 ◆ plain yogurt (= without sugar or fruit) 原味酸奶 OPP fancy ⇨ decorative plain ⇨ ugly ▸ plainly ◆ She was plainly dressed and wore no make-up.她穿着樸素，不施脂粉。 ■ simple (written , approving ) basic or plain, without anything extra or unnecessary; consisting of only a few parts; not complicated in structure 樸素的；簡樸的；部件少的；結構簡單的 ◆ The best gowns are simple and elegant.最好的禮服要簡單、雅致。 ◆ We had a simple meal of soup and bread.我們喝湯，吃面包，湊合了一頓。 ◆ The accommodation is simple but spacious.住處很簡樸，但很寬敞。 ◆ It's quite a simple machine (= one that is not complicated and has only a few parts) .這部機器一點也不複雜。 ◆ (grammar 語法 ) a simple sentence (= one with only one verb) 簡單句 OPP fancy ⇨ decorative ▸ simplicity sɪmˈplɪsəti [uncountable ] ◆ (approving ) the simplicity of the architecture建築風格的簡潔質樸 ▸ simply ◆ The rooms were simply furnished.房間配有簡單的家具。 ◆ They live simply (= they do not spend much money) .他們過着簡樸的生活。 ■ bare (written ) (of surfaces) not covered with or protected by anything （表面）無遮蓋的，沒有保護物的 ◆ bare wooden floorboards未鋪地毯的木地板 ◆ The walls were bare except for a small mirror.牆上光秃秃的，只有一面小鏡子。 ◆ They found themselves in a huge bare hall.他們發現自己在一個空蕩蕩的大廳裏。 ■ stark (written , disapproving ) without any colour, decoration or comfort 了無修飾的；粗陋的 ◆ The corridors were stark and uncarpeted.走廊上沒有裝飾，也沒鋪地毯。 ◆ The hills stood stark against the winter sky.冬日的天空下，小山了無生氣。 ■ severe (disapproving ) extremely plain and without anything that makes it look soft or beautiful 過於簡樸的 ◆ Her hair was cut in a very short, severe style.她的頭發剪得非常短，沒有花樣。 ◆ She was wearing a severe dark grey jacket.她穿了一件很普通的深灰色夾克。 ▸ severely ◆ Her hair was tied severely in a bun.她的頭發簡單地盤成了一個發髻。 ■ austere ɒˈstɪə(r), ɔːˈstɪə(r); NAmE ɔːˈstɪr (written , approving ) simple and plain, with no decoration, usually because that is what sb prefers （通常因個人喜好）樸素的，簡陋的，無華飾的 ◆ the austere simplicity of the building建築物的樸素無華 ◆ the lonely, austere beauty of his painting of a station in the snow他那幅雪中車站油畫的孤獨、樸素之美 plain plain ♦︎ plateau ♦︎ grassland ♦︎ prairie ♦︎ lowland ♦︎ savannah ♦︎ steppe ♦︎ pampas These words all mean a large area of land. 這些詞均表示平原、高原或草原。 PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配 ◆ on the plains / the plateau / grassland / the prairie / the savannah / the steppes / the pampas◆ in grassland / the lowlands / the savannah / the steppes / the pampas◆ the open plain / plateau / grassland / prairie / savannah ◆ the rolling plain / plateau / grasslands / prairie ◆ the high plains / plateau ■ plain [countable ] ( plains [plural ] ) a large area of flat land 平原 ◆ To the east lies the flat coastal plain of the Yucatan peninsula.東邊是尤卡坦半島平坦的海濱平原。 ◆ Millions of buffalo used to roam freely across the Great Plains.數百萬只野牛曾經在北美洲大平原無拘無束地活動。 ■ plateau ˈplætəʊ; NAmE plæˈtoʊ [countable ] (plural plateaus or plateaux plæˈtəʊz; NAmE plæˈtoʊz an area of flat land that is higher than the land around it 高原 ◆ From a narrow fringe of coastal plain, the main island rises to a central plateau.主島的沿海地帶狹窄平緩，中部隆起形成高原。 ■ grassland ˈgrɑːslænd; NAmE ˈgræslænd [uncountable ] ( grasslands [plural ] ) a large area of open land covered with wild grass 草原；草地；草場 ◆ The lion adapted itself to dry, open grassland where a yellow coat was most effective.獅子適應了幹燥、開闊的草原，黃色的皮毛最適合這樣的環境。 ■ prairie ˈpreəri; NAmE ˈpreri [countable , uncountable ] a flat wide area of land in North America, without many trees and originally covered with grass 北美草原 ◆ The North American prairie was once the world's largest grassland.北美草原曾經是世界上最大的草原。 ■ lowland ˈləʊlənd; NAmE ˈloʊlənd [countable , usually plural ] an area of land that is fairly flat and not very high above sea level 低地 ◆ the lowlands of Scotland蘇格蘭低地 ◆ Much of the region is lowland.該地區大部分是低地。 OPP highlands ⇨ hill ▸ lowland ◆ lowland areas / farmers低地地區；生活在低地的農場主 ■ savannah ( savanna səˈvænə [countable , uncountable ] a wide flat open area of land that is covered with grass and has few trees, especially in Africa （尤指非洲的）稀樹草原 ◆ Mount Kilimanjaro rises straight up out of the African savannah.乞力馬紮羅山在非洲草原上拔地而起。 ■ steppe step [countable , usually plural , uncountable ] a large area of land that is covered with grass but has few trees, especially in SE Europe and Siberia （尤指東南歐和西伯利亞樹少的）大草原，幹草原 ◆ The Cossacks are best known as the roving horsemen of the Russian steppes.哥薩克人以漂泊在俄羅斯草原的馬背民族著稱。 ■ pampas ˈpæmpəs, NAmE also ˈpæmpəz (usually the pampas 通常作the pampas ) [singular + singular or plural verb ] the large area of land in South America that is covered in grass and has few trees （南美洲的）大草原，草甸 ◆ The novel depicts life on the Argentine pampas.這部小說描寫了阿根廷大草原的生活。 plain 2 a plain white shirt 白襯衣 the plain truth 顯而易見的事實 ➡ See also the entry for honest 另見honest條 plain ♦︎ simple ♦︎ stark ♦︎ bare ♦︎ unequivocal ♦︎ bald These words are all used to describe facts and statements that are very clear and direct, especially when they are unpleasant in some way. 這些詞均表示直接的、明顯的，尤用於令人不快的事實。 PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配 ◆ the plain / simple / stark / bare / unequivocal / bald truth ◆ a plain / a simple / a stark / a bare / an unequivocal / a bald fact / statement ◆ a plain / a simple / an unequivocal answer ■ plain used to describe a fact that other people may not like to hear; honest and direct in way that other people may not like （事實）明顯而令人不快的；坦白的；直接的 ◆ The plain fact is that nobody really knows.事實很清楚：沒有人真正了解。 ◆ He's a politician with a reputation for plain speaking .他是說話直率出了名的政治人物。 ◆ Let's be plain about this: we will need to make some difficult choices.我們還是直截了當地說吧：我們得作出艱苦的抉擇。 ◆ (especially NAmE ) He was a plain, straightforward sort of man.他這人很直率，從來不繞彎子。 plain ⇨ average , plain ⇨ clear adj. 2 ▸ plainly ◆ To put it plainly, he's a crook.挑明了說吧，他是個騙子。 ■ simple [only before noun ] used to describe a fact that other people may not like to hear; very obvious and not complicated by anything else （事實）明顯而令人不快的；簡單易明的 ◆ The simple truth is that we just can't afford it.明擺着，我們就是買不起。 ◆ I had to do it for the simple reason that (= because) I couldn't trust anyone else.我之所以這麽做，原因很簡單，我信不過別人。 ◆ It's a simple matter of giving them enough to eat.事情很簡單，就是給他們足夠吃的東西。 ▸ simply ◆ I don't want to be rude, it's simply that we have to be careful who we give this information to.我不想無禮，不過這信息到底給誰我們得謹慎。 ◆ He was loud, vulgar and arrogant－quite simply the rudest man I've ever met!他說話粗聲大氣，舉止粗俗傲慢－簡直是我見過的最沒教養的人！ NOTE 辨析 When it is being used to emphasize facts that other people may not like to hear, plain is usually used in the expression the plain fact/truth is that... Simple can be used in this way too, but it can also be used in a wider variety of structures and collocations (such as with reason and matter ). * plain強調他人不願聽到的事實時，通常用於the plain fact/truth is that ...。simple也可以這麽用，但是結構和搭配用法更多，如與reason和matter搭配 ◆ The problem was due to the simple fact that...問題源於一個簡單的事實⋯ ◆ The problem was due to the plain fact that... ◆ for the plain reason that... ◆ It's a plain matter of... Expressions with simple often suggest impatience with other people's behaviour. * simple構成的表達法常有對他人的行爲不耐煩之意 ◆ Nobody wanted to believe the simple truth (= it was easy to see and understand the true facts; people just didn't want to believe them) .事實明擺着，就是沒有人相信。 ■ stark (written , disapproving ) used to describe an unpleasant fact or difference that is very obvious （事實）嚴酷的；（區别）鮮明的 ◆ The government faced a stark choice between civil war and martial law.政府面臨殘酷的選擇，内戰還是戒嚴。 ◆ Social divisions in the city are stark.城市裏社會分化很明顯。 ◆ The good weather was in stark contrast to the storms of previous weeks.這好天氣和前幾周的暴風雨形成鮮明的對比。 sharp ⇨ marked ▸ starkly ◆ These theories contrast starkly with the reality of everyday life.這些理論和日常生活現實形成鮮明對照。 ■ bare [only before noun ] the most basic or simple, with nothing extra 最基本的；最簡單的 ◆ She gave me only the bare facts of the case.她只給我介紹了這一案件的基本情況。 ◆ The family was short of even the bare necessities of life.這家人甚至沒有最起碼的生活所需。 ◆ We only had the bare essentials in the way of equipment.我們只有最基本的設備。 ◆ He did the bare minimum of work but still passed the exam.他只下了最少的功夫，但仍然通過了考試。 ■ unequivocal ˌʌnɪˈkwɪvəkl (formal ) expressing your opinion or intention very clearly and firmly 表達明確的；毫不含糊的；斬釘截鐵的 ◆ She gave a typically unequivocal answer.她一如既往，回答得斬釘截鐵。 ◆ The reply was an unequivocal 'no'.回答是個幹脆利落的“不”字。 OPP equivocal ⓘ An equivocal statement does not have one clear or definite meaning and can be understood in more than one way. * equivocal指意思含混的，因而可能有不同的理解。 ▸ unequivocally ◆ He stated unequivocally that he knew nothing about the document.他明確地說他對那份文件一無所知。 ■ bald describing a rather unpleasant fact or statement that is given without any extra explanation or detail to help you accept what is being said 不加贅述的；簡單的；赤裸裸的 ◆ The bald fact is that we don't need you any longer.事實很簡單，我們不再需要你了。 ◆ The letter was a bald statement of our legal position.那封信直截了當地說明了我們的法律立場。 ⓘ A bald fact is usually more unpleasant than a plain/simple fact , but not as unpleasant as a stark fact . * bald fact通常比plain/simple fact更讓人不愉快，但是不及stark fact那樣令人不快。
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| simple | severe | |
| bare | austere |
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plain
Clear to the senses: obvious, apparent, show up...
Obvious: obvious, clear, significant...
Undecorated: plain, simple, functional...
Words used to describe the state or consistency of food: buttery, calorific, caramelised...
Ugly or not attractive: ugly, grim, unattractive...
Relating to names and the process of naming: after, assignment, better known as...
Words used to describe honest and sincere people and behaviour: honest, sincere, fine...
Ugliness and unattractiveness: severity, ...
Large areas of land: field, highveld, land mass...
Ways of emphasizing how bad something is: utterly, sadly, hopelessly...
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