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TOEFL BNC: 2762 COCA: 3549
plain adj.
⇨ plain 1 (a plain white shirt) ⇨ plain 2 (the plain truth) ⇨ average (plain common sense) ⇨ clear 1 (plain to see) ⇨ clear 2 (plain English) ⇨ ugly (a plain girl) ⇨ plain sailing ⇨ easy 1plain1

adjective

 a plain white shirt 白衬衣the plain truth 显而易见的事实plain ♦︎ simple ♦︎ bare ♦︎ stark ♦︎ severe ♦︎ austereThese words all describe things that have no decoration or other unnecessary additions. 这些词均表示不加修饰的、简朴的。SYNONYM SCALE 词义标尺 下图显示这些词所表达简朴的程度
plain➔stark
simplesevere
bareaustere
PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆a plain / a simple / an austere design◆a plain / simple / bare interior◆the simple / stark / austere lines of sth◆a plain / simple / bare / stark white...◆a plain / simple / stark / severe black...◆very plain / simple / bare / austere◆rather plain / stark / severe / austere◆almost bare / severe / austere■ plain without decoration, a pattern, marks or other additions; not complicated 无修饰的；无花纹的；素的；简单的◆Wear it with a plain white shirt.把它和白衬衣配着穿。◆Patterned carpet shows the dirt less than a plain colour.花色地毯比单色地毯耐脏。◆Do you want plain or lined paper?你想要白纸还是条格纸？◆plain food / cooking清淡的食物；简单的烹调方法◆plain yogurt (= without sugar or fruit) 原味酸奶 OPP fancy ⇨ decorative   see also plain ⇨ ugly ▸ plainly

adverb

◆She was plainly dressed and wore no make-up.她穿着朴素，不施脂粉。■ simple (especially written, usually approving) basic or plain, without anything extra or unnecessary; consisting of only a few parts; not complicated in structure 朴素的；简朴的；部件少的；结构简单的◆The best gowns are simple and elegant.最好的礼服要简单、雅致。◆We had a simple meal of soup and bread.我们喝汤，吃面包，凑合了一顿。◆The accommodation is simple but spacious.住处很简朴，但很宽敞。◆It's quite a simple machine (= one that is not complicated and has only a few parts).这部机器一点也不复杂。◆ (grammar 语法) a simple sentence (= one with only one verb) 简单句 OPP fancy ⇨ decorative ▸ simplicity sɪmˈplɪsəti

noun

 [uncountable] ◆ (approving) the simplicity of the architecture建筑风格的简洁质朴▸ simply

adverb

◆The rooms were simply furnished.房间配有简单的家具。◆They live simply (= they do not spend much money).他们过着简朴的生活。■ bare (especially written) (of surfaces) not covered with or protected by anything （表面）无遮盖的，没有保护物的◆bare wooden floorboards未铺地毯的木地板◆The walls were bare except for a small mirror.墙上光秃秃的，只有一面小镜子。◆They found themselves in a huge bare hall.他们发现自己在一个空荡荡的大厅里。■ stark (especially written, often disapproving) without any colour, decoration or comfort 了无修饰的；粗陋的◆The corridors were stark and uncarpeted.走廊上没有装饰，也没铺地毯。◆The hills stood stark against the winter sky.冬日的天空下，小山了无生气。■ severe (usually disapproving) extremely plain and without anything that makes it look soft or beautiful 过于简朴的◆Her hair was cut in a very short, severe style.她的头发剪得非常短，没有花样。◆She was wearing a severe dark grey jacket.她穿了一件很普通的深灰色夹克。▸ severely

adverb

◆Her hair was tied severely in a bun.她的头发简单地盘成了一个发髻。■ austere ɒˈstɪə(r), ɔːˈstɪə(r); NAmE ɔːˈstɪr (especially written, usually approving) simple and plain, with no decoration, usually because that is what sb prefers （通常因个人喜好）朴素的，简陋的，无华饰的◆the austere simplicity of the building建筑物的朴素无华◆the lonely, austere beauty of his painting of a station in the snow他那幅雪中车站油画的孤独、朴素之美 plain

noun

plain ♦︎ plateau ♦︎ grassland ♦︎ prairie ♦︎ lowland ♦︎ savannah ♦︎ steppe ♦︎ pampasThese words all mean a large area of land. 这些词均表示平原、高原或草原。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆on the plains / the plateau / grassland / the prairie / the savannah / the steppes / the pampas◆in grassland / the lowlands / the savannah / the steppes / the pampas◆the open plain / plateau / grassland / prairie / savannah◆the rolling plain / plateau / grasslands / prairie◆the high plains / plateau■ plain [countable] ( plains [plural]) a large area of flat land 平原◆To the east lies the flat coastal plain of the Yucatan peninsula.东边是尤卡坦半岛平坦的海滨平原。◆Millions of buffalo used to roam freely across the Great Plains.数百万只野牛曾经在北美洲大平原无拘无束地活动。■ plateau ˈplætəʊ; NAmE plæˈtoʊ [countable] (plural plateaus or plateauxplæˈtəʊz; NAmE plæˈtoʊz)an area of flat land that is higher than the land around it 高原◆From a narrow fringe of coastal plain, the main island rises to a central plateau.主岛的沿海地带狭窄平缓，中部隆起形成高原。■ grassland ˈgrɑːslænd; NAmE ˈgræslænd [uncountable] ( grasslands [plural]) a large area of open land covered with wild grass 草原；草地；草场◆The lion adapted itself to dry, open grassland where a yellow coat was most effective.狮子适应了干燥、开阔的草原，黄色的皮毛最适合这样的环境。■ prairie ˈpreəri; NAmE ˈpreri [countable, uncountable] a flat wide area of land in North America, without many trees and originally covered with grass 北美草原◆The North American prairie was once the world's largest grassland.北美草原曾经是世界上最大的草原。■ lowland ˈləʊlənd; NAmE ˈloʊlənd [countable, usually plural] an area of land that is fairly flat and not very high above sea level 低地◆the lowlands of Scotland苏格兰低地◆Much of the region is lowland.该地区大部分是低地。 OPP highlands ⇨ hill ▸ lowland

adjective

◆lowland areas / farmers低地地区；生活在低地的农场主■ savannah ( savanna) səˈvænə [countable, uncountable] a wide flat open area of land that is covered with grass and has few trees, especially in Africa （尤指非洲的）稀树草原◆Mount Kilimanjaro rises straight up out of the African savannah.乞力马扎罗山在非洲草原上拔地而起。■ steppe step [countable, usually plural, uncountable] a large area of land that is covered with grass but has few trees, especially in SE Europe and Siberia （尤指东南欧和西伯利亚树少的）大草原，干草原◆The Cossacks are best known as the roving horsemen of the Russian steppes.哥萨克人以漂泊在俄罗斯草原的马背民族著称。■ pampas ˈpæmpəs, NAmE also ˈpæmpəz (usually the pampas 通常作the pampas) [singular + singular or plural verb] the large area of land in South America that is covered in grass and has few trees （南美洲的）大草原，草甸◆The novel depicts life on the Argentine pampas.这部小说描写了阿根廷大草原的生活。plain2

adjective

 a plain white shirt 白衬衣the plain truth 显而易见的事实  ➡ See also the entry for honest 另见honest条plain ♦︎ simple ♦︎ stark ♦︎ bare ♦︎ unequivocal ♦︎ baldThese words are all used to describe facts and statements that are very clear and direct, especially when they are unpleasant in some way. 这些词均表示直接的、明显的，尤用于令人不快的事实。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆the plain / simple / stark / bare / unequivocal / bald truth◆a plain / a simple / a stark / a bare / an unequivocal / a bald fact / statement◆a plain / a simple / an unequivocal answer■ plain used to describe a fact that other people may not like to hear; honest and direct in way that other people may not like （事实）明显而令人不快的；坦白的；直接的◆The plain fact is that nobody really knows.事实很清楚：没有人真正了解。◆He's a politician with a reputation for plain speaking.他是说话直率出了名的政治人物。◆Let's be plain about this: we will need to make some difficult choices.我们还是直截了当地说吧：我们得作出艰苦的抉择。◆ (especially NAmE) He was a plain, straightforward sort of man.他这人很直率，从来不绕弯子。   see also plain ⇨ average , plain ⇨ clear adj. 2 ▸ plainly

adverb

◆To put it plainly, he's a crook.挑明了说吧，他是个骗子。■ simple [only before noun] used to describe a fact that other people may not like to hear; very obvious and not complicated by anything else （事实）明显而令人不快的；简单易明的◆The simple truth is that we just can't afford it.明摆着，我们就是买不起。◆I had to do it for the simple reason that (= because) I couldn't trust anyone else.我之所以这么做，原因很简单，我信不过別人。◆It's a simple matter of giving them enough to eat.事情很简单，就是给他们足够吃的东西。▸ simply

adverb

◆I don't want to be rude, it's simply that we have to be careful who we give this information to.我不想无礼，不过这信息到底给谁我们得谨慎。◆He was loud, vulgar and arrogant－quite simply the rudest man I've ever met!他说话粗声大气，举止粗俗傲慢－简直是我见过的最没教养的人！NOTE 辨析 Plain or simple?When it is being used to emphasize facts that other people may not like to hear, plain is usually used in the expression the plain fact/truth is that... Simple can be used in this way too, but it can also be used in a wider variety of structures and collocations (such as with reason and matter). * plain强调他人不愿听到的事实时，通常用于the plain fact/truth is that ...。simple也可以这么用，但是结构和搭配用法更多，如与reason和matter搭配◆The problem was due to the simple fact that...问题源于一个简单的事实⋯◆The problem was due to the plain fact that... ◆for the plain reason that... ◆It's a plain matter of... Expressions with simple often suggest impatience with other people's behaviour. * simple构成的表达法常有对他人的行为不耐烦之意◆Nobody wanted to believe the simple truth (= it was easy to see and understand the true facts; people just didn't want to believe them).事实明摆着，就是没有人相信。 ■ stark (especially written, usually disapproving) used to describe an unpleasant fact or difference that is very obvious （事实）严酷的；（区别）鲜明的◆The government faced a stark choice between civil war and martial law.政府面临残酷的选择，内战还是戒严。◆Social divisions in the city are stark.城市里社会分化很明显。◆The good weather was in stark contrast to the storms of previous weeks.这好天气和前几周的暴风雨形成鲜明的对比。  see also sharp ⇨ marked ▸ starkly

adverb

◆These theories contrast starkly with the reality of everyday life.这些理论和日常生活现实形成鲜明对照。■ bare [only before noun] the most basic or simple, with nothing extra 最基本的；最简单的◆She gave me only the bare facts of the case.她只给我介绍了这一案件的基本情况。◆The family was short of even the bare necessities of life.这家人甚至没有最起码的生活所需。◆We only had the bare essentials in the way of equipment.我们只有最基本的设备。◆He did the bare minimum of work but still passed the exam.他只下了最少的功夫，但仍然通过了考试。■ unequivocal ˌʌnɪˈkwɪvəkl (formal) expressing your opinion or intention very clearly and firmly 表达明确的；毫不含糊的；斩钉截铁的◆She gave a typically unequivocal answer.她一如既往，回答得斩钉截铁。◆The reply was an unequivocal 'no'.回答是个干脆利落的“不”字。 OPP equivocal ⓘ An equivocal statement does not have one clear or definite meaning and can be understood in more than one way. * equivocal指意思含混的，因而可能有不同的理解。▸ unequivocally

adverb

◆He stated unequivocally that he knew nothing about the document.他明确地说他对那份文件一无所知。■ bald describing a rather unpleasant fact or statement that is given without any extra explanation or detail to help you accept what is being said 不加赘述的；简单的；赤裸裸的◆The bald fact is that we don't need you any longer.事实很简单，我们不再需要你了。◆The letter was a bald statement of our legal position.那封信直截了当地说明了我们的法律立场。ⓘ A bald fact is usually more unpleasant than a plain/simple fact, but not as unpleasant as a stark fact. * bald fact通常比plain/simple fact更让人不愉快，但是不及stark fact那样令人不快。

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