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BNC: 1149 COCA: 986

shoulder

Word family 
Related topics: Human, Clothes, Food, Roads
shoul·der1 /ˈʃəʊldə $ ˈʃoʊldər/ ●●● S2 W2 noun  
1  body part 身体的一部分HBH [countableC] one of the two parts of the body at each side of the neck where the arm is connected 肩膀
 She tapped the driver on the shoulder.
她拍拍司机的肩。
 He put his arm around her shoulders.
他用手臂搂住她的肩。
 His shoulders were broad and powerful.
他的肩膀宽阔强壮。
2  clothes 衣服DCC [countableC] the part of a piece of clothing that covers your shoulders 衣服的肩部，衣肩
 a jacket with padded shoulders
一件有垫肩的夹克衫
3  meat 肉类DF [countableC, uncountableU] the upper part of the front leg of an animal that is used for meat 〔动物的〕前腿连肩肉
shoulder of
 a shoulder of pork
猪肘子
4. be looking over your shoulder to feel worried that something unpleasant is going to happen to you 惴惴不安，忐忑不安
Examples from the Corpus
be looking over your shoulder• So, reading through this book, you feel as thought Alwyn is looking over your shoulder, egging you on.• Two snub-nosed bristle-headed boys were looking over my shoulder in bright-eyed interest.• I am looking over my shoulder.• You were looking over your shoulder waiting for the knock on the door.
5 
a) a shoulder to cry onKIND someone who gives you sympathy 给予安慰的人，倾诉的对象
 Ben is always there when I need a shoulder to cry on.
在我需要有个人倾诉一下时，本总是在我身边。
b) cry on somebody’s shoulder to get sympathy from someone when you tell them your problems 向某人倾诉〔以得到安慰〕
6  shoulder to shoulder TOGETHER
a) having the same aims and wanting to achieve the same thing 齐心协力地 SYN side by side
shoulder to shoulder with
 We are working shoulder to shoulder with local residents.
我们和当地居民肩并肩共同努力。
b) physically close together 肩并肩地 SYN side by side
 Blacks and whites stood shoulder to shoulder in the stands to applaud.
黑人和白人并肩站在看台上鼓掌。
Examples from the Corpus
shoulder to shoulder• Almost shoulder to shoulder they were lined along the road, hurling gravel non-stop under the wheels of the passing trucks.• Before long I had rejoined the tribe, swaying shoulder to shoulder with them as I thumped on a cast-iron pan.• Four old panel trucks sit shoulder to shoulder, looking like an art installation.• In church they kept to their own groups, but here they jostled shoulder to shoulder, watchful and sulky.• The milkweed and monarch, shoulder to shoulder, lock into a single system, an evolution toward and with each other.• They stood shoulder to shoulder by the developing trays.• They trod carefully away, shoulder to shoulder, hip to hip.• Uncle and nephew knelt shoulder to shoulder, hands cupped, heads bowed in the simple position of submission.
7  on somebody’s shoulders RESPONSIBLEif blame or a difficult job falls on someone’s shoulders, they have to take responsibility for it 〔责任〕由某人承担；〔任务〕落在某人肩上
 The blame rests squarely on Jim’s shoulders.
过错全都归在吉姆身上。
Examples from the Corpus
on somebody’s shoulders• The blame rests squarely on Jim's shoulders.
8. put your shoulder to the wheel WORK HARDto start to work with great effort and determination 甩开膀子干；开始奋力工作
9. road-side 路边 [countableC] American EnglishAmETTR an area of ground beside a road, where drivers can stop their cars if they are having trouble 〔公路旁的〕路肩，紧急停车道 → hard shoulder, soft shoulder
10. curved shape 弧线形SG [countableC] a rounded part just below the top of something 肩状部分
→ give somebody the cold shoulder at cold1(7), → have a chip on your shoulder at chip1(5), → be/stand head and shoulders above the rest at head1(29), → rub shoulders with at rub1(5), → straight from the shoulder at straight1(10)
 COLLOCATIONS
verbs
shrug your shoulders (=raise them to show that you do not know or care about something) 耸肩膀〔表示不知道或无所谓〕
Susan just shrugged her shoulders and said nothing.
苏珊只是耸耸肩膀,什么也没说。
hunch your shoulders (=raise your shoulders and bend them forwards slightly) 耸起肩膀
He hunched his shoulders against the rain.
他在雨中耸起肩膀。
look/glance over your shoulder (=look behind you) 回头看
He glanced over his shoulder and grinned at me.
他回过头来冲我咧嘴笑。
somebody’s shoulders shake (=because they are crying or laughing) 〔因为哭或笑〕某人肩膀颤抖
nHis shoulders were shaking and tears of laughter were running down his face.
somebody’s shoulders slump/droop/sag (=move downwards because they are sad or tired) 〔因为伤心或疲倦〕某人肩膀垂下
n‘You 're right, ’ he sighed, his shoulders drooping.
somebody’s shoulders heave (=move up and down because they are crying or breathing deeply) 〔因为哭泣或深呼吸〕某人肩头起伏
nShe turned her back again, her shoulders heaving, her eyes blind with tears.
nstraighten/square your shoulders (=stand with your shoulders straight, in a determined way)
She squared her shoulders and knocked on the door.
adjectives
broad/wide 宽阔的
He was of medium height, with broad shoulders.
他中等个子,肩膀宽阔。
strong/powerful 结实/强壮的
He had powerful shoulders and a thick neck.
他肩膀强壮,脖子粗。
nmassive/huge
Dean shrugged his massive shoulders.
narrow/slim 窄/纤细的
nHer dark hair spilled over her narrow shoulders.
nthin/bony shoulders
She put her arm around the girl’s thin shoulders.
Examples from the Corpus
shoulder• Its dripping wets the front of her dress, its rigid head glares over her shoulder.• He looked as though he'd lost twenty years, as though a ten-ton weight had been lifted from his shoulders.• Lorton was carrying a bag over his shoulder and humming under his breath.• Corbett just grinned over his shoulder and led them out on to the beaten track down to the village of Woodstock.• I drop her across my shoulder and walk away.• Our shoulders, arms and legs ache, but we hardly notice.• a pork shoulder roast• He pulled the chain that hung above his right shoulder.• Fredrickson dislocated his right shoulder early in the second quarter and did not return to the game.• Ben put his arm around Kari's shoulders.• Several cars with their hoods up were on the shoulder.
shoulder2 verb  
1  shoulder the responsibility/duty/cost/burden etc RESPONSIBLEto accept a difficult or unpleasant responsibility, duty etc 承担责任/过失/费用/负担等
 The residents are being asked to shoulder the costs of the repairs.
居民们被要求承担这笔修理费用。
Examples from the Corpus
shoulder the responsibility/duty/cost/burden etc• After the publicists, casting directors began to shoulder the burden.• It does indeed make those who require nursing care through no fault of their own shoulder the cost.• I think everyone has got to shoulder the responsibility for defeat, not just Graham.• Why, he asked, should the taxpayer shoulder the burden of expropriation?• Voice over Swindon is one of the eighties boom towns which has had to shoulder the burden of recession.• He failed to shoulder the responsibility, which Government should shoulder, for imposing the tax in the first place.
2  [transitiveT]LIFT to lift something onto your shoulder to carry it 挑，扛，掮
 They shouldered the boat and took it down to the river.
他们把船扛在肩上抬到河里。
3  shoulder your way through/into etc PUSHto move through a large crowd of people by pushing with your shoulder 用肩膀挤着穿过/进入等
 He ran after her, shouldering his way through the crowd.
他挤过人群去追她。
Examples from the Corpus
shoulder your way through/into etc• Some surprise managed to shoulder its way into Jenner's turgid writing.• They looked as though they could shoulder their way through solid rock and beat up a regiment of trolls into the bargain.• Erlich shouldered his way through the crowd and went after her.• He was curious and, shouldering his way through the crowd, made his way to St Mary Le Bow.• Nicolo shouldered his way through the crowd towards the Princess.• But wait, some one is shouldering their way through the crowd.• I went in there, shouldered my way through the crowd.• Bringing up the rear, Duke shouldered his way into the kitchen.
4. shoulder arms PMan order given to soldiers telling them to hold their weapon against their shoulder 〔命令士兵〕枪上肩
n COLLOCATIONS
nouns
shoulder a responsibility
The coach shoulders the responsibility for winning and losing.
shoulder a burden
Many women do paid work and also shoulder the burden of childcare.
shoulder the blame
Parents are being made to shoulder the blame.
shoulder the cost
The government has decided to shoulder the extra cost itself.
Examples from the Corpus
shoulder• Family graves may occasionally receive a visit by a lone person shouldering a glum aura.• He shouldered his ax and began walking into the woods.• Dorfman plays keyboards -- an injury preventing him from shouldering his usual accordion.• The burden of supporting the poor is shouldered mainly by charities.• After the publicists, casting directors began to shoulder the burden.• The company is unwilling to shoulder the cost of installing a daycare center.• The capacity of the fourteen divisions to shoulder this responsibility, and the load placed on each division both varied enormously.
Origin shoulder1
Old English sculdor
shoul·der1 noun →COLLOCATIONS1shoulder2 verb →n COLLOCATIONS1
LDOCE Online
Chinese
Syllable
Corpus
BNC: 1149 COCA: 986
shoulder

noun¹

 1part of the body身體部位ADJECTIVE | SHOULDER + NOUN | PREPOSITION | PHRASES ADJECTIVE➤dislocated, fractured, frozen, injured, sore, wounded脫臼的肩膀；骨折的肩膀；冷凍肩；受傷的肩膀；痠痛的肩膀◇His frozen shoulder has stopped him from playing tennis.冷凍肩使他沒法打網球了。SHOULDER + NOUN➤injury肩傷▸➤blade, bones, joint, muscle, socket肩胛骨；肩部骨骼；肩關節；肩部肌肉；肩窩◇The bullet hit him squarely between the shoulder blades.子彈恰好打在他的肩胛骨之間。➤height, level齊肩高▸➤harness, sling, strap安全肩帶；肩帶；背帶➤pad墊肩➤bag挎包PREPOSITION➤over your shoulder在肩膀上◇He slung the sack over his shoulder and set off.他把粗布袋子往肩上一甩就出發了。PHRASES➤a pat on the shoulder拍拍肩膀◇He gave me a reassuring pat on the shoulder.他拍了拍我的肩膀讓我放心。➤shoulder to shoulder肩並肩◇The route of the procession was lined with police officers standing shoulder to shoulder.遊行所經道路兩邊都是肩並肩站立的警察。➤tap sb on the shoulder拍某人的肩◇I tapped the man on the shoulder and asked him to move.我拍了拍那人的肩膀，讓他挪一下。
shoulder

noun²

 2shoulders the part between the two shoulders上背部ADJECTIVE | VERB + SHOULDERS | SHOULDERS + VERB | PREPOSITION ADJECTIVE➤broad, huge, muscled, muscular, powerful, strong, wide寬闊的肩膀；肌肉發達的肩膀；有力的肩膀；強壯的肩膀▸➤delicate, slim纖弱的／纖細的肩膀▸➤narrow, thin窄窄的／瘦弱的肩膀▸➤square寬而挺的肩膀▸➤round圓潤的肩膀▸➤bony瘦削的肩膀▸➤bowed駝背▸➤bare裸露的肩膀▸➤tense, tight緊繃的肩膀VERB + SHOULDERS➤shrug聳肩◇When I asked him why he'd done it he just shrugged his shoulders.我問他為什麼這麼做，他只聳了聳肩。➤hunch聳起肩膀◇He hunched his shoulders against the cold wind.他聳起肩膀抵禦寒風。➤drop, relax放下／放鬆肩膀◇Inhale, drop your shoulders and raise your chest.吸氣，肩膀放鬆，挺胸。➤roll, rotate扭動／轉動肩膀◇Roll your shoulders forward and take a deep breath.肩膀朝前轉動，深呼吸。➤square, straighten挺直肩膀◇In an aggressive situation, we stand tall and square our shoulders.進攻的時候，要站直身子，挺直肩膀。SHOULDERS + VERB➤be bent, be bowed, be stooped肩膀弓起◇She was crouched with her head forward and her shoulders bent.她低頭弓背蹲着。➤droop, drop, sag, slump肩部鬆垂◇My shoulders dropped with relief.我鬆了口氣，繃緊的肩膀也放鬆下來。➤lift, shrug肩膀聳起◇Her shoulders lifted in a vague shrug.她微微聳了聳肩。➤heave, shake, twitch肩膀抖動／晃動／抽動◇His broad shoulders heaved with sobs.他寬闊的肩膀因啜泣而上下起伏。➤stiffen, tense, tighten肩部僵硬起來；肩部繃緊▸➤relax肩部放鬆PREPOSITION➤on sb's shoulders在某人肩上◇The child sat on her father's shoulders to watch the parade go by.孩子騎在她爸爸肩上觀看遊行隊伍經過。
shoulder

verb¹

 1accept the responsibility for sth接受責任VERB + SHOULDER➤have to, must不得不／必須承擔◇She had to shoulder the burden of childcare.她不得不擔負起撫養孩子的重擔。➤be willing to願意承擔▸➤be unwilling to不願意承擔◇He was unwilling to shoulder this responsibility alone.他不願意獨自擔負這個責任。
shoulder

verb²

 2push sb/sth with your shoulder用肩推ADVERB | PHRASES ADVERB➤roughly粗暴地用肩頂◇We were shouldered roughly out of the way.我們被人用肩粗暴地擠到了一邊。➤aside, out of the way用肩推擠到一邊➤open用肩推開◇He shouldered open the door.他用肩把門推開。➤past用肩擠過PHRASES➤shoulder your way past sb/sth, shoulder your way through sth用肩膀擠着經過⋯／穿過⋯◇She shouldered her way through the crowd.她用肩膀擠着穿過人群。
BNC: 1149 COCA: 986
shoulder verb
⇨ push 2 (shoulder sb aside) ⇨ take 7 (shoulder a burden)
BNC: 1149 COCA: 986

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