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war

Word family 
war /wɔː $ wɔːr/ ●●● S2 W1 noun   → wore
1  [countableC, uncountableU]WAR when there is fighting between two or more countries or between opposing groups within a country, involving large numbers of soldiers and weapons 战争 OPP peace
 the Vietnam War
越南战争
 He served as a pilot during the war.
他在战时担任飞行员。
war against/with/between
 the war with Spain
与西班牙的战争
2  [countableC, uncountableU]FIGHT FOR OR AGAINST something a struggle over a long period of time to control something harmful 〔为控制有害事物而进行的长期的〕斗争
war on/against
 the State’s war on drugs
国家针对毒品的斗争
 the war against racism
反对种族主义的斗争
3  [countableC, uncountableU]FIGHT FOR OR AGAINST something a situation in which a person or group is fighting for power, influence, or control 〔个人或团体为取得权力、影响力或控制权进行的〕斗争，竞争
 No one wants to start a trade war here.
这里没有人想挑起一场贸易战。
 a ratings war between the major TV networks
各大电视网之间的收视率之争
→ price war
4  be in the wars British EnglishBrE spokenDAMAGE used, often humorously, to say that someone has lots of injuries or health problems 身上有多处伤痛；患有多种疾病〔常为幽默用法〕
 You’ve really been in the wars lately, haven’t you?
最近你毛病很多，是吗？
5. this means war spokenFIGHT used humorously to say that you are ready to fight or argue about something 这意味着战争〔表示已准备好为某事物而斗争或争论；幽默用法〕
→ cold war, war of attrition, war of nerves, war of words, warring
 COLLOCATIONS
verbs
fight a war 打仗
The two countries fought a brief war in 1995.
1995年，这两个国家曾短期交战。
fight in a war (=take part as a soldier) 参加战争
Her grandfather fought in the war.
她祖父参加了这场战争。
win/lose a war 战胜/战败
The Allies had won the war.
同盟国取得了战争的胜利。
nWhat would have happened if we’d lost the war?
declare war 宣战
In 1941, Britain and the US declared war on Japan.
1941年，英国和美国对日宣战。
wage/make war (=to start and continue a war) 发动战争
Their aim was to destroy the country’s capacity to wage war.
他们的目的是要摧毁这个国家发动战争的能力。
go to war (=become involved in a war) 参战，出兵作战
nIt has been said that democracies don’t go to war with each other.
war breaks out (=it starts) 战争爆发
nThey married just before war broke out.
na war rages (=continues in a very violent way)
A civil war is still raging there.
phrases
be at war 交战
Russia was at war with Poland.
俄国当时在和波兰交战。
be on the brink of war (=be about to be involved in a war) 处于战争边缘
The country was on the brink of war.
处于战争边缘
the outbreak of war (=the time when a war starts) 战争的爆发
nA week after the outbreak of war, he enlisted in the army.
the horrors of war 战争的恐怖
nThey wanted to forget the horrors of war they had witnessed.
ADJECTIVES/NOUN + war
a world war 世界大战
No one wants another world war.
没有人想再来一次世界大战。
a civil war (=between opposing groups within a country) 内战
the English Civil War
英国内战
a nuclear war (=involving nuclear weapons) 核战争
nThe possibility of nuclear war was much on people’s minds in the Fifties.
a conventional war (=not nuclear) 常规战争
nA conventional war would still cause unacceptable devastation.
a guerrilla war (=involving a small unofficial military group) 游击战争
nThe nine-year guerrilla war has ended at last.
the Korean/Vietnam/Iraq etc War 朝鲜战争/越南战争/伊拉克战争等
nPeople were protesting against the Vietnam War.
World War I/World War II 第一次世界大战/第二次世界大战
He was a pilot in World War II.
他参加过第二次世界大战。
a just war (=one that you believe is right) 正义的战争
nThey believe that they are fighting a just war.
a religious war 宗教战争
nHow many people have died in religious wars?
war + NOUN
the war years 战争年代
The couple spent most of the war years apart.
这对夫妇在战争年代大部分时间不在一起。
a war hero 战斗英雄
At home he was hailed as a war hero.
在国内他被誉为战斗英雄。
a war veteran (=someone who took part in a war) 参加过战争的退伍军人
nThere was a service for war veterans in the Garden of Remembrance.
a war criminal (=someone who behaves very cruelly in a war, in a way that is against international law) 战争罪犯
nthe arrest of two suspected Nazi war criminals
a war correspondent (=a reporter sending reports from a war) 战地记者
nBeing a war correspondent is a dangerous job.
a war zone (=an area where a war is fought) 战区，交战地带
nThe country had turned into a war zone.
a war crime (=a cruel act in a war which is against international law) 战争罪行
nThey will be charged with war crimes.
na war wound
He still suffered pain from an old war wound.
na war grave
He had gone with a friend to visit the war graves in Flanders.
COMMON ERRORSDon’t say ‘do the war’. Say go to war or make war.
不要说 ‘do the war’。 而要说 go to war 或 make war。
 THESAURUS
war noun [countableC, uncountableU] a situation in which there is fighting between countries or opposing groups within a country, with large numbers of soldiers and weapons 战争
He fought in World War II.
他参加过第二次世界大战。
the horrors of war
战争的恐怖
conflict noun [countableC, uncountableU] a situation in which there is fighting or a war – used especially in news reports 冲突，战争〔尤用于新闻报道〕
the conflict in the Middle East
中东的冲突
There is increasing danger of armed conflict.
发生武装冲突的可能性越来越大。
fighting noun [uncountableU] a situation in which people or groups fight each other and try to kill each other 战斗；打斗
The fighting went on for months.
战斗持续了好几个月。
Fighting in the north has resulted in hundreds of deaths.
北部的战斗已造成数百人死亡。
hostilities noun [plural] formal fighting in a war 战斗；敌对行动
The agreement called on the guerrillas to cease hostilities (=stop fighting) and begin peace talks.
协议呼吁游击队停止敌对行动，展开和平谈判。
warfare noun [uncountableU] the activity of fighting in a war – used especially to talk about a method of fighting 战争〔尤指作战方式〕
new and more advanced methods of warfare
更为先进的新式作战方法
chemical warfare
化学战
battle noun [countableC, uncountableU] an occasion when two armies, groups of ships etc fight each other in one place during a war 战役
the great naval battles of the Napoleonic Wars
拿破仑战争中的大海战
the Battle of Trafalgar in 1805
1805年特拉法尔加海战
He died in battle.
他阵亡了。
skirmish /ˈskɜːmɪʃ/ noun [countableC] a short fight between small groups of soldiers, ships etc, especially one that happens away from the main part of a war or battle 小规模战斗，小冲突
There were minor skirmishes between Indian and Pakistani troops across the border.
印度和巴基斯坦的军队在边境上发生了小规模冲突。
combat noun [uncountableU] the act of fighting, especially during a war 〔尤指战争中的〕战斗，搏斗
Few of them had any experience of combat.
他们当中没几个有战斗经验。
hand-to-hand combat
肉搏战
action noun [uncountableU] military actions carried out by the army, navy etc of a country during a war – used especially in the following phrases 军事行动，战斗〔尤用于以下短语〕
He was killed in action in 1944.
他于1944年阵亡。
Her son went missing in action.
她的儿子在战斗中失踪。
Her grandfather saw action (=fought) in two world wars.
她的祖父参加过两次世界大战。
Examples from the Corpus
war• In 1874, war broke out in Europe again.• War veterans claim that they were exposed to chemical weapons while fighting in the Gulf.• a war hero and former fighter pilot• the Spanish-American War• More Americans died in the Civil War than in World War II.• In 1931, more than twenty veterans of foreign wars were among the patients at Carville.• In the months leading up to the outbreak of war, both countries were involved in a massive arms build-up.• It is said that this ghost still beats his eerie tattoo during times of war.• Gas stations in the city are involved in a price war.• Who won the Franco-Prussian War?• When the war ended in 1945, Europe was in chaos.• the Vietnam War• Iran's seven-year war with Iraq
war against/with/between• The proceeds went to fund its clandestine war against the Sandinistas.• Seldom has a central banker looked more secure in his war against marauding politicians.• The prospect of a long war with the inevitable increase in demand for service manpower was a critical factor.• He'd had a serious liaison before the war with a young girl whom he'd got pregnant.• In the war against wildfire, the hotshot crews of the U. S. Forest Service are considered the elite.• Countdown to the cruise Mark Hewish Going to war with cruise missiles would be precise, ruthless and utterly effective.
trade war• They said Mr Major was deeply concerned as a trade war loomed large.• And without it, a trade war could devastate already shaky world economies.• A failure to understand this essential point could lead to more than a trade war.• Could this be a prelude to a trade war even more destructive of world prosperity than a military war?• The two men traded war stories through the early-morning hours.• With the spectre of a ruinous trade war looming which could spread like wildfire round the world.
From Longman Business Dictionary
warwar /wɔːwɔːr/ noun [countableC]
price/trade/sales warCOMMERCE a situation in which countries or companies compete against each other very strongly
Manufacturers of basic commodity products are vulnerable to price wars when demand is slow.
Progress in talks with Japan have averted the risk of a protectionist trade war.
A price war may break out as tire makers try to grab market share and put spare capacity to work.
Gasoline retailers have been waging price wars (=taking part in them).
Origin war
(1100-1200) Old North French werre, from Old French guerre
war noun →COLLOCATIONS1 →THESAURUS1
LDOCE Online
Chinese
Corpus

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