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TOEFL IELTS BNC: 1320 COCA: 1871

debt

Word family 
debt /det/ ●●● S3 W2 noun  
1  [countableC]OWE a sum of money that a person or organization owes 债务，欠款
debt of
 She had debts of over £100,000.
她有超过十万英镑的债。
 He had enough money to pay off his outstanding debts.
他有足够的钱偿还亏欠的债务。
 students who run up huge debts
欠下巨额债务的学生
2  [uncountableU]OWE when you owe money to someone 欠债，负债 OPP credit
in debt (to somebody)
 Nearly half the students said they were in debt.
近一半的学生说自己负有债务。
 The band will be in debt to the record company for years.
乐团将向唱片公司欠债很多年。
£200/$1,000 etc in debt
 A rash business decision left him $600 in debt.
生意上一个草率的决定使他欠下了600美元的债。
get/run/fall etc into debt
 The club sank deeper into debt.
这家俱乐部陷入更深的债务之中。
be heavily/deeply in debt (=owe a lot of money) 负债累累
3  EFFECT/INFLUENCE[countableC usually singular] the degree to which you have learned from or been influenced by someone or something else 影响；教益
debt to
 Braque acknowledged his debt to Impressionist painting.
布拉克承认受到了印象派绘画的影响。
4  debt of gratitude/thanks THANKthe fact of being grateful to someone who has helped you 恩情，人情债
 I owe a debt of gratitude to my tutors.
我要感谢我的导师。
Examples from the Corpus
debt of gratitude/thanks• In addition to that great teacher of prayer, there were others to whom I owe a debt of gratitude.• We all owe Solly a deep debt of gratitude for his services to the cause of jazz for so many years.• The present writer owes him a particularly deep debt of gratitude.• We all owe him a great debt of gratitude, and we wish him well.• Some say it is because of Baba Firdaus and his holy life, others say because Amanullah Khan paid his debt of gratitude.• Their varied tasks in the Library have all contributed to its success and we owe them a very real debt of gratitude.
 COLLOCATIONS
verbs
have debts 欠债
Fortunately, I have no debts.
所幸,我不欠债。
run up debts (also amass debts formal) (=borrow more and more money) 积欠债务
At that time he was drinking a lot and running up debts.
那时他酗酒,还欠了一屁股债。
pay off a debt (=pay the money back) 还债
The first thing I'm going to do is pay off my debts.
我要做的第一件事就是还债。
repay/settle a debt formal (=pay the money back) 【正式】还债
He was hoping he would soon have enough money to settle his debts.
他希望不久会有足够的钱来还债。
clear your debts (=repay all of them) 还清债务
It took him three years to clear his bank debts.
他用了三年时间还清欠银行的债务。
service a debt (=pay the interest on a debt, but not pay it back) 支付债务利息
By then, she was borrowing more money just to service her debts.
那时她借钱越来越多,还仅仅是用来还利息。
write off/cancel a debt (=say officially that it does not have to be paid) 勾销债务
The bank finally agreed to write off the debt.
银行最终同意勾销债务。
be burdened with/saddled with debts (=have big debts) 债台高筑
Many poor countries are saddled with huge debts.
许多贫困国家负债累累。
reduce a debt 减少债务
nThe programme aims to reduce the debt of the world's poorest countries.
ADJECTIVES/NOUN + debt
big/large 大额的
The debts got bigger and bigger.
债务越欠越多。
huge (=very big) 巨额的
Young people often leave university with huge debts.
年轻人常常背着一身债从大学毕业。
unpaid/outstanding (=not yet paid) 未偿付的
The average outstanding debt on credit cards in Britain is now over £3,000.
现在在英国,信用卡的平均未偿债务是三千多英镑。
heavy debts (=big debts) 高额债务
The company wanted to reduce its heavy debts.
这家公司想减少其高额债务。
a bad debt (=one that is unlikely to be paid back) 坏账
Companies lose millions of pounds each year from having to write off bad debts.
公司因为勾销坏账每年损失数百万英镑。
a bank debt (=one that you owe to a bank) 银行债务
nThe company closed with bank debts of about £350 million.
the national debt (=the total amount that is owed by the government of a country) 国债
nTheir national debt is the third largest in the world.
Examples from the Corpus
debt• Debt is one of the main social problems of our time.• Lenders must try and protect themselves against bad debts.• In the past few years thousands of farmers have committed suicide because of escalating debts.• To pay the interest on our foreign debt, we will have to import less.• The government now has debts of $2.5 billion.• Since there are many different categories of debt issues, there are many different possible types of yield curves.• Unfortunately, widespread foot-dragging continues to act as a brake on debt relief.• It took us three years to pay off all our debts.• Shareholders and creditors agree to restructure debts and payment schedules and, often, to swap debt for riskier equity.• The Issue Department frequently engages in open-market operations as part of the Bank's debt management.• However, the members will be personally liable to the company to the full extent for the debts of the company.• He protected less profitable state farms by writing off their debts.• The credit industry argues that the changes are needed to prevent people who can repay their debts from hiding behind bankruptcy law.
debt of• The company has debts of around $1,000,000.
in debt (to somebody)• The early years of hyperinflation after price controls were eased in 1992 led to backlogs in debts among businesses and the state.• P said its main concern is $ 3. 1 billion in debt that comes due in 1997.• The college takes 500 pupils from across the world and decided to call in debt collectors as a last resort.• I am for ever in debt, you must know.• Felcor will assume $ 14 million in debt for the hotel.• The colliery is struggling to fulfil its contracts and is burdened by £1.7 million in debts.• There was an up front charge and they will take a proportion of any reduction in debt.
acknowledged ... debt• Shelley has always acknowledged his debt to the late doctor.• Certainly, Bentham acknowledged his debt to Beccaria.• Brooks attended to every detail of his churches and Mackmurdo later acknowledged his debt to him as an exemplar of methodical thoroughness.• Years later, she acknowledged the debt she owed him for those early lessons in self-determination.• Yet apart from this acknowledged intellectual debt and critical reaction to Spengler Mosley developed other ideas from his work.
From Longman Business Dictionary
debtdebt /det/ noun
1[countableC] money that one person, organization, country etc owes to another
The country will not receive further funds after it failed to repay debts of $16 million.
The importer will have to settle his debt in the exporter’s currency.
Once we have cleared the debt (=paid it), we could buy a car with another loan.
2[uncountableU] the state of owing money
Families in debt on their fuel bills are already choosing between heating and eating.
People with children are much more likely to get into debt than people without children.
He was so heavily in debt that he had to sell off his house and car.
3[uncountableU]FINANCECOMMERCE capital borrowed by a business or government organization on which it pays interest
We need to sell assets to reduce our debt.
This company has enormous cash flow and it should have no problem servicing its debt (=making interest payments on its debt).
If you possibly can, use the cash to pay down debt (=reduce the amount of debt owed).
We should now be able to get cheaper loans, retire our costliest debt (=repay loans) and improve our capital structure.
The IMF has failed to find money to help write off debts (=to no longer expect or demand repayment) of the poorest countries.
→ see also acknowledgement of debt
→ bad debt → bank debt → book debt → consumer debt → corporate debt → doubtful debt → external debt → fixed-rate debt → floating debt → foreign debt → investment-grade debt → judgement debt → junior debt → long-term debt → medium-term debt → mezzanine debt → national debt → public debt → secured debt → senior debt → short-term debt → sovereign debt → subordinated debt → Third World debt → trade debt → unsecured debt
Origin debt
(1200-1300) Old French dette, from Latin debitum, from debere “to owe”
debt noun →COLLOCATIONS1
LDOCE Online
Chinese
Corpus
TOEFL IELTS BNC: 1320 COCA: 1871
debt

noun¹

 1sum of money owed債款ADJECTIVE | VERB + DEBT | DEBT + VERB | DEBT + NOUN | PREPOSITION | PHRASES ADJECTIVE➤big, crippling, enormous, heavy, high, huge, large, massive, substantial巨債；造成嚴重影響的欠債；沉重的債務；高額債務◇He was burdened with crippling debts.他負債累累，深受其苦。➤mounting越積越多的債務◇a company faced with mounting debts負債越來越多的公司➤outstanding, unpaid未償債務◇She used her lottery winnings to pay off her outstanding debts.她用彩票獎金償還欠債。➤bad (= that cannot be repaid) 呆賬◇Bad debt has hit the bank's profits this year.呆賬影響了這家銀行今年的利潤。➤long-term, short-term長期債務；短期債務▸➤overall, total整體負債；負債總額▸➤gross, net總負債；淨負債▸➤commercial, corporate商業債務；企業負債➤federal, government聯邦／政府債務➤consumer消費者債務▸➤external, foreign, international外債；國際債務▸➤national, public國債；公債◇The country has a national debt of 80% of GNP.這個國家的國債相當於國民生產總值的 80%。➤personal個人債務◇He used the cash to pay off personal debts.他用這筆現金清償了私人債務。➤gambling賭債➤credit-card, loan, mortgage信用卡／貸款／按揭債務◇Managing your student loan debt is not easy.管理學生貸款債務不容易。VERB + DEBT➤be burdened with, have, owe (sb)負債累累；負債；欠（某人）債◇the substantial debts that the company owed to the bank這家公司欠銀行的巨額債務➤accumulate, incur, run up積累債務；產生負債◇She ran up huge debts on her credit card.她信用卡上積累了巨額債務。➤clear, eliminate, meet, pay, pay back, pay off, repay, retire (NAmE, finance金融) , settle償清債務；還債◇Without a job, he'll never clear his debts.沒有工作的話，他永遠不可能還清債務。◇It'll take months to pay off all your debts.還清你的債務需要好幾個月的時間。➤reduce減少債務▸➤tackle處理債務◇The new government's main aim is to tackle the country's massive debt.新政府的主要目標是處理國家的巨額債務。➤default on拖欠債務◇The company defaulted on its debt and its assets were seized.這家公司拖欠債務資產遭到查封。➤cancel, erase, forgive, wipe out, write off取消債務；勾銷債務；註銷債項◇After a series of meetings, the banks were forced to write off the company's debts.經過一系列的會議，銀行被迫註銷了這家公司的債務。➤service (= pay interest on) 支付債務利息◇The fall in exports has left the country unable to service its debts.出口的滑坡使這個國家無力支付債務利息。➤refinance, reschedule, restructure為債務再融資；重訂償債時間表；重組債務◇The company has reached a deal allowing it to restructure its debts.這家公司達成協議獲准重組其債務。➤consolidate合併債務◇He wanted to consolidate his debts into one payment.他想把債務合併在一起支付。➤manage管理債務◇The first step in managing your debt is to stop incurring it.管理債務的第一步是停止產生新的負債。➤secure擔保債務◇a debt secured on property以房產作擔保的債務DEBT + VERB➤fall due (BrE) 債務到期▸➤stand at sth, total sth債務金額為⋯；債務總計為⋯◇The national debt stands at $7 billion.國債總計達 70 億美元。➤arise from sth (BrE) 債務由⋯產生◇debts arising from bad investments錯誤投資產生的債務DEBT + NOUN➤collection, collector收債；收債人➤payment, repayment債務償還▸➤burden, level, load, obligation債務負擔／水平／重荷／責任◇Data show that debt levels at private companies are increasing.數據顯示私營企業的負債水平在上升。➤problem債務問題➤management債務管理◇We offer financial and debt-management advice.我們提供金融和債務管理咨詢。➤cancellation, forgiveness, relief債務取消／豁免／免除➤reduction債務削減➤consolidation債務合併➤service債務處理服務➤crisis債務危機◇a solution to the debt crisis of the developing world發展中國家債務危機的解決方法PREPOSITION➤of debt為數⋯的債務◇$80 million of debt8,000 萬美元的債務PHRASES➤a burden of debt債務負擔◇Faced with a mounting burden of debt, he sold off the company.他面臨着越來越重的債務負擔，只得賣掉了公司。➤payment of a debt, repayment of a debt, settlement of a debt債務支付／償還／結算
debt

noun²

 2state of owing money負債ADJECTIVE | VERB + DEBT | PREPOSITION | PHRASES ADJECTIVE➤serious嚴重負債VERB + DEBT➤get into, go into, slip into開始負債；陷入負債◇It is easy to get into serious debt with a credit card.使用信用卡很容易債台高築。➤get out of擺脫債務◇You can get out of debt by strict economizing.通過厲行節約你可以擺脫債務。PREPOSITION➤in debt負債◇He was heavily in debt by the time he sought advice.他尋求建議時已經負債累累。➤out of debt不負債◇We're all struggling to stay out of debt.我們都在盡全力避免負債。PHRASES➤deeply in debt, heavily in debt債台高築；負債累累
debt

noun³

 3sth that you owe sb人情債ADJECTIVE | VERB + DEBT | PREPOSITION | PHRASES ADJECTIVE➤great很大的人情VERB + DEBT➤owe欠人情▸➤acknowledge, recognize承認欠人情➤repay還人情◇She was simply repaying a debt, saving his career in return for him saving hers.她不過是還個人情，為報答他曾拯救過自己的事業才拯救他的事業。PREPOSITION➤in sb's debt欠某人的情；感激某人◇I will be forever in Ruth's debt for the excellent advice she gave me.露絲給了我很好的建議，我會永遠感激她。➤debt to感激⋯◇In the introduction, the author acknowledges her debt to other writers on the subject.在前言中，作者表達了對在這個課題上有所貢獻的其他作者的感謝。PHRASES➤owe a debt of gratitude to sb感激某人◇We owe a great debt of gratitude to our families for their support.我們非常感激家人給予的支持。
TOEFL IELTS BNC: 1320 COCA: 1871
debt

noun

debt ♦︎ loss ♦︎ liability ♦︎ arrears ♦︎ debitThese are all words for the situation of owing or losing money or the amount of money you owe or have lost. 这些词均表示欠债或亏损，也指欠下或亏损的数额。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆in debt / arrears / debit◆heavy / massive debts / losses◆mortgage / tax / outstanding debts / liabilities / arrears◆to fall / get into debt / arrears◆to have debts / liabilities◆to run up debts / losses◆to pay off debts / arrears■ debt [countable, uncountable] a sum of money that sb owes; the situation of owing money, especially when you cannot pay 借款；欠款；负债（尤指无力偿付）◆She had run up credit card debts of thousands of dollars.她已经积欠了数千元的信用卡借款。◆He died heavily in debt.他死时负债累累。◆It's hard to stay out of debt when you are a student.当学生很难不负债。■ loss [countable] money that has been lost by a business or organization （企业或机构）亏损，亏蚀◆The company has announced net losses of $1.5 million.公司宣布净亏损150万元。◆We made a loss on (= lost money on) the deal.我们这笔交易亏本了。◆We are now operating at a loss.我们现在是亏本经营。 OPP profit ⇨ profit   see also gain ⇨ increase noun , loss-making ⇨ loss-making ■ liability ˌlaɪəˈbɪləti [countable, usually plural] (finance 金融) the amount of money that a person or company owes 债务；负债；欠债◆The company is reported to have liabilities of nearly $90 000.据报告该公司负债近9万元。◆Our financial advisers will concentrate on minimizing your tax liabilities and maximizing your income.我们的财务顾问将全力帮你尽可能减少纳税，增加收入。 OPP asset ⇨ thing 3 ■ arrears əˈrɪəz; NAmE əˈrɪrz [plural] (formal or finance 金融) money that sb owes that they have not paid at the right time 逾期欠款；拖欠款项◆Unions are demanding the settlement of pay arrears.工会正要求解决工资拖欠问题。ⓘ If you are in arrears or get/fall into arrears, you are late in paying money that you owe. * be in arrears或get/fall into arrears指款项到期未付、拖欠◆Our tenants have fallen into arrears with their rent.我们的房客已经拖欠了租金。If money or a person is paid for work in arrears, the money is paid after the work has been done. 如果工资采用in arrears方式支付，则指后付◆You will be paid monthly in arrears.你的工资将按月后付。 ■ debit ˈdebɪt [countable] (finance 金融) a written note in a bank account or other financial record of a sum of money owed or spent; a sum of money taken from a bank account 借记；借方；借项；记入借方的款项◆This expenditure should all be shown on the debit side of the account.这笔开支应全部记入账户的借方。◆If the debits exceed the credits you're in trouble.如果借记超过了贷记，那你就糟糕了。 OPP credit ⓘ A credit is a sum of money paid into a bank account or a record of this payment. * credit指存入银行账户的金额或贷记。   see also credit ⇨ loan , debit ⇨ discount verb
TOEFL IELTS BNC: 1320 COCA: 1871
debt
Money that you owe: arrears, bad debt, balance...
Grateful and gratitude: grateful, gratitude, thankful...

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