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IELTS BNC: 702 COCA: 855

environment

Word family 
Related topics: Environment & waste
en·vi·ron·ment /ɪnˈvaɪrənmənt/ ●●● S1 W1 AWL noun  
1  the environment SGEthe air, water, and land on Earth, which is affected by man’s activities 自然环境
 Some of these chemicals are very damaging to the environment.
这些化学品中有些对环境非常有害。
 legislation to protect the environment
保护环境的法规
 the effects of acid rain on the environment
酸雨对环境的影响
 the government minister for the environment
负责环境事务的政府部长
n Grammar
You always say the environment in this meaning:
Pollution from cars is bad for the environment.
✗Don’t say: Pollution from cars is bad for environment.
Examples from the Corpus
the environment• Young people between 18 and 30 tend to be much more concerned about the environment than the older generation.• Recycling paper and cans is one easy way to preserve the environment.• Ask your local MP what he or she intends to do to help protect the environment.• Many modern farming methods are highly damaging to the environment.
→4  See picture on 见图 Page A6 Environmental problems 环境问题 →4  See picture on 见图 Page A7 Environmental solutions 环保方法
2  [countableC, uncountableU]SITUATION the people and things that are around you in your life, for example the buildings you use, the people you live or work with, and the general situation you are in 生活环境，周围状况
 The company had failed to provide a safe environment for its workers.
该公司没有为员工提供安全的工作环境。
3  [countableC] the natural features of a place, for example its weather, the type of land it has, and the type of plants that grow in it 生态环境 → habitat
 a forest environment
森林环境
 a very adaptable creature that will eat different foods in different environments
一种能在不同环境中吃不同食物的适应能力很强的生物
 COLLOCATIONS – Meaning 1:
verbs
protect the environment 保护环境
We need to take drastic steps to protect the environment.
我们要采取严厉措施来保护环境。
conserve the environment formal (=protect it and prevent it from changing or being damaged) 保护环境
People need to live in harmony with nature and conserve the environment.
人们应该与大自然和谐共存并保护环境。
harm/damage the environment 损害/破坏环境
The government insists that the dam will not harm the environment.
政府坚称这座水坝不会损害环境。
destroy the environment 毁坏环境
We need to find ways of producing energy without destroying the environment.
我们需要找到不破坏环境的能源生产方式。
pollute the environment 污染环境
Nuclear waste will pollute the environment for centuries.
核废物对环境的污染将持续几个世纪。
clean up the environment 整治环境
It’s about time that we started cleaning up the environment.
我们该整治环境了。
adjectives
the natural environment 自然环境
Current methods of farming are damaging the natural environment.
目前的耕作方式对自然环境造成破坏。
the marine environment (=the sea and the creatures that live there) 海洋环境
nFish farming poses a threat to the marine environment.
phrases
be good/bad for the environment 对环境有益/有害
Plastic bags are bad for the environment.
塑料袋对环境有害。
be harmful to the environment 对环境有害
Emissions from cars are harmful to the environment.
汽车尾气对环境有害。
protection of the environment 环境保护
In developing countries, protection of the environment is not a primary concern.
在发展中国家，环境保护不是人们主要关注的问题。
conservation of the environment 环境保护
There are many organizations dedicated to conservation of the environment.
有许多组织致力于环境保护。
damage/harm to the environment 对环境的破坏/损害
A lot of chemicals used in industry cause harm to the environment.
许多工业用化学品会对环境造成损害。
the destruction of the environment 对环境的毁坏
Logging has led to the destruction of the natural environment.
采伐树木对自然环境造成了破坏。
pollution of the environment 环境污染
The waste material must be stored safely to avoid pollution of the environment.
废料必须妥善存放以防污染环境。
the effect/impact on the environment 对环境的影响
The building’s design will minimize its impact on the environment.
大楼的设计将其对环境的影响减至最小。
COMMON ERRORSDon’t say ‘hurt the environment’. Say harm the environment or damage the environment.
不要说 ‘hurt the environment’. 而要说 harm the environment 或 damage the environment.
n THESAURUS
the environment the air, water, and land on Earth, which is affected by man’s activities
We need to do more to protect the environment.
How much does air travel damage the environment?
ecosystem technical all the animals and plants that exist in a place, considered as a single system with parts that depend on each other
the island’s fragile ecosystem
The rapid decline in the number of great sharks is disrupting the marine ecosystem.
habitat the natural home of an animal or plant
The tree can grow to be 120 feet tall in its natural habitat.
the biosphere technical the Earth’s surface and atmosphere where animals and plants can live
Scientists are monitoring changes in the global biosphere.
ecology the scientific study of the way in which the animals, plants, and natural features of a place affect and depend on each other
She’s studying marine ecology.
green adjectiveadj [only before noun] relating to the environment or to protecting the environment
Voters are becoming more concerned about green issues.
The party is keen to demonstrate its green credentials (=show that it thinks the environment is important).
eco- prefix relating to the environment and protecting the environment
eco-friendly products (=which do not harm the environment)
eco-tourism (=which does not harm the environment)
eco-warrior (=someone who protests to try to save the environment)
eco-sensitive land (=where the environment is easily damaged)
n COLLOCATIONS – Meaning 2: the people and things that are around you in your life, for example the buildings you use, the people you live or work with, and the general situation you are in 生活环境，周围状况
ADJECTIVES/NOUN + environment
the physical environment (=the place where you live or work, including buildings, furniture etc)
Improvements to the physical environment range from removing graffiti to planting trees.
the immediate environment (=the building in which you live or work, and the area very close to it)
Most accidents happen to young children within the immediate environment of their home.
a safe environment
The playground provides a safe environment for children.
a stable environment (=without any big changes)
They argued that being married helps provide a stable environment for bringing up children.
a friendly/pleasant environment
The restaurant offers a stylish and friendly environment with first-class service.
a clean/dirty environment
People who live in a very clean environment may have a lower immunity to germs.
a competitive environment
Our business has to operate in an increasingly competitive environment.
a working/learning environment
Most people prefer a quiet working environment.
the home/domestic/family environment
A lot of children suffer because of problems in their home environment.
the economic environment
The economic environment has changed, and many countries are sliding into recession.
the business environment
In today’s fast-moving business environment, companies must be flexible.
the political environment
Ministers are having to make these decisions in a difficult political environment.
the cultural/social environment
Changes in the cultural environment affect people’s attitudes and values.
n COLLOCATIONS – Meaning 3: the natural features of a place, for example its weather, the type of land it has, and the type of plants that grow in it 生态环境
adjectives
a coastal/desert/mountain etc environment
The storm caused significant damage to the coastal environment.
an inhospitable/harsh environment (=one where the conditions make life difficult)
The freezing climate makes this one of the most inhospitable environments on the planet.
a hostile environment (=with many difficulties and dangers)
It is difficult to see how anything can survive in such a hostile environment.
a fragile environment (=easily damaged or destroyed)
Many people are worried about the impact of tourism on the region’s fragile environment.
Examples from the Corpus
environment• Almost every newborn encounters an environment that acts toward it in a social way.• Adaptation to a changing environment may be necessary as before to achieve traditional goals.• As a social science, Geography focuses on how people create and use their socio-economic, built and cultural environments.• Remember all those experiments with rats living in enriched environments?• Do girls learn better in an all-female environment?• It's not a very safe environment for children there.• I didn't feel that the neighborhood was a very safe environment for kids.• It is important to emphasize any explanation of the foot soldiers is highly contingent upon the environment in which they are operating.• They wanted control over their environment, including financial, material, and other resources.• Our company tries to maintain a pleasant work environment.• We have tried to create a working environment in which everyone can develop their skills.
From Longman Business Dictionary
environmenten·vi·ron·ment /ɪnˈvaɪərənmənt-ˈvaɪr-/ noun [countableC]
1the environment the air, water, and land in which people, animals, and plants live
Since these chemicals were banned, pesticide levels in the environment have been declining.
2the general conditions that influence something
Moving forward in a changing environment is never easy.
In the new global business environment the exchange of information is the key to success.
The new company will be operating in a competitive environment.
The results were in line with what we expected, in spite of the difficult economic environment.
Despite the poor retail environment, the company is doing well.
3COMPUTING the kind of OPERATING SYSTEM used by a computer
the Windows environment
Origin environment
(1600-1700) environ “to surround” ((14-21 centuries)), from Old French environer, from environ “around”, from viron “circle”
en·vi·ron·ment noun →n GRAMMAR1 →COLLOCATIONS1
→n COLLOCATIONS2 →n COLLOCATIONS3 →n THESAURUS1
LDOCE Online
Chinese
Syllable
Corpus
IELTS BNC: 702 COCA: 855
environment

noun¹

 1conditions of the place where you are周圍情況ADJECTIVE | VERB + ENVIRONMENT | PREPOSITION | PHRASES ADJECTIVE➤immediate直接環境◇Cold-blooded animals depend on the temperature of their immediate environment.冷血動物的體溫隨着周圍環境的溫度而變化。➤external外部環境▸➤alien, new, unfamiliar陌生的環境；新的環境；不熟悉的環境➤natural自然環境◇marine life in its natural environment自然環境中的海洋生物➤changing, ever-changing (especially NAmE) 變化的／千變萬化的環境▸➤comfortable, protected, safe, secure, stable舒適的／受保護的／安全的／可靠的／穩定的環境▸➤friendly, supportive有益的環境▸➤hospitable, pleasant適宜的／愉快的環境▸➤clean, healthy乾淨的／健康的環境▸➤stimulating激勵性的環境▸➤favourable/favorable, ideal有利的／理想的環境◇This period provided an ideal environment for the spread of communism.這段時期為共產主義的傳播提供了理想的環境。➤uncertain, unstable不確定的／不穩定的環境▸➤dangerous危險的環境▸➤noisy嘈雜的環境▸➤competitive競爭激烈的環境➤stressful充滿壓力的環境▸➤extreme, harsh, hostile極端的／嚴峻的／不利的環境▸➤fragile脆弱的環境◇Walkers can unwittingly damage the fragile environment in which the birds live.徒步旅行者可能無意中破壞鳥類生活的脆弱環境。➤built, urban人工創造的／城市環境◇the quality of our natural and built environments自然環境和人造環境的質量➤rural鄉村環境▸➤cold, warm寒冷的／溫暖的環境▸➤aquatic, coastal, forest, marine, mountain水生／沿海／森林／海洋／高山環境▸➤domestic, family, home國內的／家庭的／家裏的環境◇Children learn best in their home environment.家裏的環境最適合兒童學習。➤physical物理環境▸➤cultural, emotional, social文化環境；感情狀況；社會環境▸➤office, work, working, workplace辦公環境；工作環境◇A comfortable working environment will increase productivity.舒適的工作環境能提高生產效率。➤online網絡環境▸➤classroom, educational, learning, school, teaching, training教室／教育／學習／學校／教學／培訓環境▸➤economic, financial經濟環境；財政條件◇Investors are showing more caution in the current economic environment.在當前的經濟環境下，投資者更顯謹慎。➤political政治環境▸➤business, commercial, corporate商業環境；企業環境◇She now had to transfer her design skills to a commercial environment.如今她得把自己的設計技能應用到商業中。➤professional職業環境VERB + ENVIRONMENT➤create, foster, provide創造／培育／提供環境◇parents who strive to provide a stimulating environment for their children to grow up in致力於為孩子的成長提供一個激勵性環境的父母➤adapt to適應環境◇creatures that have adapted to hostile desert environments適應了嚴酷沙漠環境的生物➤alter, change改變環境➤shape塑造環境▸➤improve改善環境▸➤explore探索環境◇The cat walked around, exploring its new environment.貓四處轉悠，探索着新的環境。➤control控制環境PREPOSITION➤in an/the environment在⋯環境裏◇people working in increasingly competitive environments在競爭日益激烈的環境中工作的人們➤environment for適於⋯的環境◇an environment for economic growth有利於經濟增長的環境➤environment of⋯的環境◇an environment of fear令人懼怕的環境PHRASES➤an environment conducive to sth有益於⋯的環境◇The hospital architect tries to create an environment conducive to healing.醫院的建築師試圖營造一個有益於病瘉的環境。➤today's environment當今的環境◇In today's competitive business environment, companies focus on minimizing costs.在當今競爭激烈的商業環境下，企業都着眼於最大幅度降低成本。
environment

noun²

 2the environment the natural world自然環境ADJECTIVE | VERB + THE ENVIRONMENT | ENVIRONMENT + NOUN | PREPOSITION | PHRASES ADJECTIVE➤natural自然環境▸➤global, world全球／世界環境▸➤local當地環境VERB + THE ENVIRONMENT➤preserve, protect, safeguard, save保護環境◇The government should do more to protect the environment.政府必須採取更多措施來保護環境。➤clean up, improve清理／改善環境▸➤affect, have an impact on, impact (NAmE) 影響環境；對環境產生影響◇factors that have a huge impact on the environment對環境有重大影響的因素➤damage, harm, pollute破壞／損害／污染環境◇industries which damage the environment破壞環境的產業➤threaten對環境構成威脅ENVIRONMENT + NOUN➤agency, committee, department, group (all especially BrE) 環保機構／委員會／部門／組織▸➤chief, minister (especially BrE) 環保機構負責人／部長➤spokesman, spokeswoman (both BrE) 環保發言人➤correspondent, editor (both BrE) 環境新聞記者；環保欄目編輯▸➤policy (especially BrE) 環保政策▸➤protection (especially BrE) 環境保護▸➤issues環境問題PREPOSITION➤in the environment在環境中◇the amount of carbon in the environment環境中的碳含量PHRASES➤conservation of the environment, protection of the environment環境保護▸➤damage to the environment對環境的破壞◇farming methods that minimize damage to the environment把對環境的破壞減至最低的耕作方法➤harmful to the environment對環境有害◇The label identifies the products that are least harmful to the environment.這個標籤標示出對環境危害最小的產品。➤pollution of the environment環境污染
IELTS BNC: 702 COCA: 855
environment noun
⇨ environment (the home/working environment) ⇨ nature 2 (protect the environment)environment

noun

environment ♦︎ setting ♦︎ surroundings ♦︎ background ♦︎ backdropThese are all words for the type of place in which sb/sth exists or is situated. 这些词均表示环境、背景。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆in an environment / a setting / surroundings◆against a / the background / backdrop (of sth)◆(a / an) attractive / perfect environment / setting / surroundings / background / backdrop◆(a / an) pleasant / idyllic environment / setting / surroundings◆(a) beautiful setting / surroundings / backdrop◆a dramatic setting / background / backdrop◆(a) peaceful environment / setting / surroundings◆(a / an) new / unfamiliar environment / setting / surroundings◆sb / sth's immediate environment / surroundings◆(a) rural environment / setting / surroundings / backdrop◆the / sb's / sth's natural environment / setting / surroundings / backdrop◆to provide / create an environment / a setting / surroundings / a background / a backdrop◆to adapt to / blend in with your / the environment / surroundings■ environment [countable] the conditions in a place that affect the behaviour and development of sb/sth （影响个体行为或事物发展的）环境◆For many, school seemed to be a hostile environment.对许多人来说，学校这个环境似乎是不利的。◆An unhappy home environment can affect children's behaviour.不幸的家庭环境可能会影响孩子的行为。◆We aim to provide a pleasant working environment.我们目的是要营造一个令人愉快的工作环境。  see also milieu ⇨ context ■ setting [countable] a place or situation of a particular type, in which sth happens or exists 环境；背景◆It was the perfect setting for a wonderful celebration.环境气氛无可挑剔，正适合办一场精彩的庆典。◆People behave differently in different social settings.人们在不同的社交场境下有不同的行为表现。■ surroundings [plural] everything that is around or near sb/sth 周遭环境◆His paintings try to capture the beauty of the surroundings.他的画试图捕捉周围环境的美。◆She was not aware of her surroundings for a while.过了一会儿，她才注意到周围的环境。■ background [countable, usually singular] the things or area behind or around the main objects or people in a place or picture 背景；后景◆The mountains in the background were capped with snow.远处的群山山峰覆盖着白雪。◆The areas of water stand out against the dark background.水域的部分在深色背景的映衬下很显眼。OPP the foreground ⇨ lead noun 1 ■ backdrop [countable, usually singular] (written) the scenery surrounding an event; the things or area behind the main objects in a place （事件发生时）周围的陪衬景物；背景◆The events took place against the dramatic backdrop of the Atlas mountains.这些事发生在美丽如画的阿特拉斯群山之中。◆White walls provide the perfect backdrop for wooden furniture.白色的墙壁成了木质家具极佳的陪衬。
IELTS BNC: 702 COCA: 855
environment
Home and places where people live: home, environment, town...
General words for situations and circumstances: situation, circumstance, conditions...
Computer programs and systems: add-on, applet, architecture...
The natural world: nature, the environment, ecology...

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