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Types and forms of word, clause or sentence
Related words
accusative
noun [singular] linguistics /əˈkjuːzətɪv/
in some languages, the form of a noun or pronoun that shows that it is the direct object of a verb 宾格
 Synonyms and related words
Types and forms of word, clause or sentence: accusative, adjunct, allomorph...
adjunct
noun [C] /ˈædʒʌŋkt/
2
linguistics the part of a clause that shows when, where, how, or in what circumstances something happens. An adjunct usually consists of an adverb or adverb group, or a prepositional phrase, for example 'moreover', 'quite happily', and 'in the near future'. 修饰成分
 Synonyms and related words
Types and forms of word, clause or sentence: accusative, adjunct, allomorph...
allomorph
noun [C] linguistics /ˈæləmɔː(r)f/
one of the forms that a morpheme can have. For example, the plural ending ‘-s' has three allomorphs: /s/, /z/, and /iz/, as in the words ‘trucks', ‘cars', and ‘buses'.
 Synonyms and related words
Types and forms of word, clause or sentence:accusative, adjunct, allomorph...
allophone
noun [C] /ˈæləˌfəʊn/
1
linguistics one of the slightly different ways that a phoneme can be pronounced. For example, the /p/ in the word ‘pill' is slightly different from the /p/ in the word ‘spill'.
 Synonyms and related words
Types and forms of word, clause or sentence:accusative, adjunct, allomorph...
antecedent
noun /ˌæntɪˈsiːd(ə)nt/
3
[C] linguistics the antecedent of a word is the noun or phrase nearer the beginning of the sentence that it refers to. In the sentence ‘I threw the keys to him and he caught them', ‘keys' is the antecedent of ‘them'. 先行词，前述词（在句子I threw the keys to him and he caught them 中，keys 是them 的先行词）
 Synonyms and related words
Types and forms of word, clause or sentence: accusative, adjunct, allomorph...
article
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noun /ˈɑː(r)tɪk(ə)l/
4
[C] linguistics a type of determiner (=word used before a noun) that shows whether you are referring to a particular thing or to a general example of something. The indefinite article is ‘a' or ‘an' and the definite article is ‘the'. 冠词
 Synonyms and related words
Types and forms of word, clause or sentence: accusative, adjunct, allomorph...
case
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noun /keɪs/
7
[C/U] linguistics a form of a noun, adjective, or pronoun in some languages that shows its relationship in grammar to other words in a sentence 格（一些语言中名词、形容词或代词等的一种形式，表明其与句中其他词的关系）
 Synonyms and related words
Types and forms of word, clause or sentence: accusative, adjunct, allomorph...
clause
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noun [C] /klɔːz/
2
linguistics a group of words that contains a verb and often a subject, object, complement and adjunct. A sentence consists of one or more clauses. For example the sentence ‘If you can help, please get in touch' has two clauses. 从句；分句；小句
 Synonyms and related words
Types and forms of word, clause or sentence: accusative, adjunct, allomorph...
cleft sentence
noun [C] linguistics
a way of emphasizing a word or words by re-ordering the information in a sentence. A cleft sentence consists of impersonal ‘it', the verb ‘be', the important word or words, and a clause. For example the sentences ‘It is the answers that matter' and ‘It was the money he wanted' are cleft sentences. The non-emphatic alternatives would be ‘The answers matter' and ‘He wanted the money'.
 Synonyms and related words
Types and forms of word, clause or sentence:accusative, adjunct, allomorph...
collocate
noun [C] linguistics /ˈkɒləkət/
a word that is often used with another word 搭配词
 Synonyms and related words
Types and forms of word, clause or sentence: accusative, adjunct, allomorph...
 Synonyms and related words
Types of word: antonym, argot, back formation...
collocation
noun linguistics /ˌkɒləˈkeɪʃ(ə)n/
2
[C] a collocate, or a particular combination of collocates

Chapter three deals with collocations such as 'heavy rain' and 'bitterly disappointed'.

 Synonyms and related words
Types and forms of word, clause or sentence: accusative, adjunct, allomorph...
combining form
noun [C] linguistics /kəmˈbaɪnɪŋ ˌfɔː(r)m/
a form of a word that has its own meaning but is used only in combination with other words to make new words, for example -footed in ‘a four-footed animal' 组合语素（如four-footed 中的-footed）
 Synonyms and related words
Types and forms of word, clause or sentence: accusative, adjunct, allomorph...
complement
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noun [C] /ˈkɒmplɪmənt/
4
linguistics in active clauses, the part of a clause that comes after a linking verb such as ‘be', ‘seem', or ‘appear' and identifies or describes the subject. A complement is usually a noun or adjective. For example in the sentences ‘Parking is always a problem in city-centres' and ‘Sometimes the future seems very uncertain', the complements are ‘a problem' and ‘very uncertain'. 补（足）语
 Synonyms and related words
Types and forms of word, clause or sentence: accusative, adjunct, allomorph...
complex sentence
noun [C] linguistics /ˌkɒmpleks ˈsentəns/
a sentence consisting of an independent clause and one or more subordinate clauses. Subordinate clauses usually begin with a subordinating conjunction like ‘because', ‘as', or ‘when'. For example, ‘As the 19th century came to an end, gold was discovered in Alaska and the Yukon' is a complex sentence.
 Synonyms and related words
Types and forms of word, clause or sentence:accusative, adjunct, allomorph...
compound sentence
noun [C] linguistics /ˌkɒmpaʊnd ˈsentəns/
a sentence consisting of two or more independent clauses, linked by a coordinating conjunction such as ‘and', ‘but', ‘or', or ‘plus'. For example ‘It's not a perfect solution, but it's the best I can suggest' is a compound sentence.
 Synonyms and related words
Types and forms of word, clause or sentence:accusative, adjunct, allomorph...
concessive clause
noun [C] linguistics /kənˌsesɪv ˈklɔːz/
a subordinate clause that begins with a conjunction such as ‘although', 'while', or ‘whereas', and makes a statement that is unexpected in some way, or contrasts with information in another clause. For example in the sentence ‘I've never met my neighbours, although I've lived here for five years', the information after ‘although' seems unexpected. In the sentence ‘Men have to wear business suits to the office, whereas women can wear what they like' there is a contrast between the two clauses. 让步从句（指以although,while或whereas等开始的从句，里面包含出乎意料或与其他子句信息冲突的事实或观点）
 Synonyms and related words
Types and forms of word, clause or sentence: accusative, adjunct, allomorph...
conditional clause
noun [C] /kənˌdɪʃ(ə)nəl ˈklɔːz/
linguistics a subordinate clause that usually begins with a conjunction such as ‘if' or ‘unless', and states possible situations and events, while the independent clause states their results, for example in the sentences 'All these courses are free if you are a student or unemployed' and ‘Unless immediate action is taken, more lives will be lost'
 Synonyms and related words
Types and forms of word, clause or sentence:accusative, adjunct, allomorph...
coordinate clause
noun [C] linguistics
an independent clause that is connected to another one of equal importance, often with a conjunction such as ‘and', ‘but', or ‘or'. For example in the sentence ‘He died and she married again' there are two coordinate clauses.
 Synonyms and related words
Types and forms of word, clause or sentence:accusative, adjunct, allomorph...
dative
noun [singular] linguistics /ˈdeɪtɪv/
the form of a noun, pronoun, or adjective that you use in some languages when it is the indirect object of a verb 与格（指某些语言中名词、代词或形容词作为动词间接宾语的形式）
 Synonyms and related words
Types and forms of word, clause or sentence: accusative, adjunct, allomorph...
declension
noun linguistics /dɪˈklenʃ(ə)n/
2
[C] a group of nouns, adjectives, or pronouns in some languages that all change their form in the same way depending on their relationship to other words in a sentence 词形变化相同的一组词
 Synonyms and related words
Types and forms of word, clause or sentence: accusative, adjunct, allomorph...
definite article
noun [C] [usually singular] linguistics
the word ‘the' in English, or a similar type of word in another language （英语或其他语言中的）定冠词
 Synonyms and related words
Types and forms of word, clause or sentence: accusative, adjunct, allomorph...
deixis
noun [U] linguistics /ˈdaɪksɪs/
the use of words or phrases such as ‘you', ‘there', or ‘last month' whose meaning depends on the situation in which they are used
 Synonyms and related words
Types and forms of word, clause or sentence:accusative, adjunct, allomorph...
descriptor
noun [C] /dɪˈskrɪptə(r)/
2
linguistics a word or expression that is used to describe something
 Synonyms and related words
Types and forms of word, clause or sentence:accusative, adjunct, allomorph...
direct question
noun [C] linguistics /dɪˌrekt ˈkwestʃ(ə)n/
a question that is asked directly, for example 'What's your name?' or 'Did they come by train?'
 Synonyms and related words
Types and forms of word, clause or sentence:accusative, adjunct, allomorph...
direct speech
noun [U] linguistics British
the exact words that someone has said. In writing, they are shown inside quotation marks. 直接引语
 Synonyms and related words
Types and forms of word, clause or sentence: accusative, adjunct, allomorph...
discourse marker
noun [C] linguistics
2
words such as ‘however' or ‘furthermore' that provide a connection between ideas in written language 语篇衔接语
 Synonyms and related words
Types and forms of word, clause or sentence: accusative, adjunct, allomorph...
display question
noun [C] education /dɪˈspleɪ ˌkwestʃ(ə)n/
a question asked by a teacher that allows students to display their knowledge

Display questions stimulate students, especially beginners, to join in interaction and generate language.

 Synonyms and related words
Teaching and ways of teaching:adaptive learning, behaviourist learning theory, blended learning...
 Synonyms and related words
Types and forms of word, clause or sentence:accusative, adjunct, allomorph...
hypothetical meaning
noun [C/U] linguistics /haɪpəˌθetɪk(ə)l ˈmiːnɪŋ/
a meaning that refers to situations which are unlikely or impossible. Hypothetical meaning is frequently expressed by conditional constructions.
 Synonyms and related words
Types and forms of word, clause or sentence:accusative, adjunct, allomorph...
indefinite article
noun [C] linguistics
the word ‘a' or ‘an' in the English language, or a word in another language that is used in a similar way 不定冠词
 Synonyms and related words
Types and forms of word, clause or sentence: accusative, adjunct, allomorph...
independent clause
noun [C] linguistics
a clause that contains a verb which shows time or tense, and usually a subject. An independent clause can be a sentence on its own, for example ‘Halley's comet is named after the English astronomer' is an independent clause. 独立分句
 Synonyms and related words
Types and forms of word, clause or sentence: accusative, adjunct, allomorph...
indirect discourse
noun [U] linguistics mainly American
indirect speech 间接引语
 Synonyms and related words
Types and forms of word, clause or sentence: accusative, adjunct, allomorph...
indirect question
noun [C] linguistics
the words that you use to report a question that someone else has asked, for example ‘She asked me where I was going.' 间接疑问句
 Synonyms and related words
Types and forms of word, clause or sentence: accusative, adjunct, allomorph...
indirect speech
noun [U] linguistics
the words that you use to report what someone else has said, for example ‘He said we shouldn't leave town.' 间接引语
 Synonyms and related words
Types and forms of word, clause or sentence: accusative, adjunct, allomorph...
inflection
noun /ɪnˈflekʃ(ə)n/
1a
[C] the form of a word that is not the basic form 屈折形式
 Synonyms and related words
Types and forms of word, clause or sentence: accusative, adjunct, allomorph...
interjection
noun /ˌɪntə(r)ˈdʒekʃ(ə)n/
1
[C] linguistics a word or phrase used for expressing a strong emotion such as surprise or anger. ‘Oh' and ‘ouch' are interjections. 叹词；感叹语
 Synonyms and related words
Types and forms of word, clause or sentence: accusative, adjunct, allomorph...
interrogative
noun [C] linguistics /ˌɪntəˈrɒɡətɪv/
a word or phrase that you use for asking a question, for example ‘what?' or ‘how?' 疑问词；疑问短语
 Synonyms and related words
Types and forms of word, clause or sentence: accusative, adjunct, allomorph...
lexeme
noun [C] linguistics /ˈleksiːm/
a word or group of words that has a meaning that cannot be understood from the meaning of the parts of which it consists
 Synonyms and related words
Types and forms of word, clause or sentence:accusative, adjunct, allomorph...
loan translation
noun [C] linguistics
a word or expression used in a language that has been translated from another language
 Synonyms and related words
Types and forms of word, clause or sentence:accusative, adjunct, allomorph...
locative
noun [C/U] linguistics /ˈlɒkətɪv/
the form of a noun, pronoun, or adjective that you use in some languages when you are talking about where someone or something is
 Synonyms and related words
Types and forms of word, clause or sentence:accusative, adjunct, allomorph...
locution
noun [C] linguistics /ləʊˈkjuːʃ(ə)n/
a word or phrase, especially one used by people in a particular area or from a particular group （尤指某一地区或群体使用的）惯用语，行话
 Synonyms and related words
Types and forms of word, clause or sentence: accusative, adjunct, allomorph...
masculine
noun [C] linguistics /ˈmæskjʊlɪn/
a word or form of a word that belongs to the masculine group of nouns, pronouns, or adjectives 阳性词；阳性形式
 Synonyms and related words
Types and forms of word, clause or sentence: accusative, adjunct, allomorph...
minimal pair
noun [C] linguistics
a pair of words that are different from each other in one sound only, for example pan and can
 Synonyms and related words
Types and forms of word, clause or sentence:accusative, adjunct, allomorph...
modifier
noun [C] linguistics /ˈmɒdɪˌfaɪə(r)/
the part of a noun group, adjective group, or verb group that comes before the most important word (the head), and adds information about it. For example in the noun groups ‘dangerous games', and ‘my maths teacher', ‘dangerous', ‘my' and ‘maths' are all modifiers. In some grammars, ‘modifier' refers to words that come both before and after the head. 修饰语；修饰成分
 Synonyms and related words
Types and forms of word, clause or sentence: accusative, adjunct, allomorph...
morpheme
noun [C] linguistics /ˈmɔː(r)fiːm/
the smallest unit of meaning in a language. A morpheme can be a whole word, for example ‘the', or part of a word, for example ‘un' in ‘unable'. 语素，词素（词素可以是一个完整的单词，如the或词的一部分，如unable中的un）
 Synonyms and related words
Types and forms of word, clause or sentence: accusative, adjunct, allomorph...
mot juste
noun [C] /ˌməʊ ˈʒuːst/
exactly the right word or phrase
 Synonyms and related words
Types and forms of word, clause or sentence:accusative, adjunct, allomorph...
negative
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noun [C] /ˈneɡətɪv/
2
linguistics a word or phrase that means ‘no' or ‘not'. Verb groups with ‘no' or ‘n't' are negatives, for example ‘I don't understand', and ‘I won't comment'. 否定词；否定表达
 Synonyms and related words
Types and forms of word, clause or sentence: accusative, adjunct, allomorph...
non-restrictive relative clause
noun [C] linguistics /nɒn rɪˌstrɪktɪv relətɪv ˈklɔːz/
a relative clause that gives extra information about a person, thing, or situation in the previous clause. There is usually a comma before the relative pronoun, indicating that the information in the relative clause is not essential. For example, in the sentence ‘None of the documents had a date, which was very confusing', ‘which was very confusing' is a non-restrictive relative clause.
 Synonyms and related words
Types and forms of word, clause or sentence:accusative, adjunct, allomorph...
number
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noun /ˈnʌmbə(r)/
9
[U] linguistics the form of a word that shows whether you are referring to one thing or more than one thing 数

If the subject is plural, the verb has to be in the plural number. 如果主语是复数，动词必须是复数形式。

 Synonyms and related words
Types and forms of word, clause or sentence: accusative, adjunct, allomorph...
object
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noun [C] /ˈɒbdʒekt/
4
linguistics in active clauses, the part of a clause referring to the person or thing that is affected by the action of a verb. In English, the object is usually a noun group or pronoun, and comes after the verb. For example the sentence ‘I've promised the children new bicycles' has two objects: ‘new bicycles' is the direct object, and ‘the children' is the indirect object. 宾语
 Synonyms and related words
Types and forms of word, clause or sentence: accusative, adjunct, allomorph...
paradigm
noun [C] /ˈpærədaɪm/
3
linguistics the complete set of the different forms of a word, for example student, student's, students, and students' （单词的）词形变化
 Synonyms and related words
Types and forms of word, clause or sentence: accusative, adjunct, allomorph...
partitive
noun [C] linguistics /ˈpɑː(r)tətɪv/
a word or expression used for showing that only part of something is being referred to, rather than all of it. In the sentence ‘Have a piece of cake', ‘a piece of' is a partitive. 表示部分的词（或表达）（如Have a piece of cake 中的 a piece of）
 Synonyms and related words
Types and forms of word, clause or sentence: accusative, adjunct, allomorph...
phrase
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noun [C] /freɪz/
2
linguistics a word or words that act as a unit in a clause, such as a noun phrase, a verb phrase, or an adjective phrase. For example in the sentence ‘This road can get very busy ', ‘this road' is a noun phrase, ‘can get' is a verb phrase, and ‘very busy' is an adjective phrase. 词组；短语；片语
 Synonyms and related words
Types and forms of word, clause or sentence: accusative, adjunct, allomorph...
pl.
abbreviation
plural
 Synonyms and related words
Types and forms of word, clause or sentence:accusative, adjunct, allomorph...
the plural
noun linguistics /ˈplʊərəl/
a word or form used for referring to more than one person or thing. For example ‘students' is the plural of ‘student', and ‘mice' is the plural of ‘mouse'. 复数（形式）
 Synonyms and related words
Types and forms of word, clause or sentence: accusative, adjunct, allomorph...
plurality
noun /plʊəˈræləti/
3
[U] linguistics the state of being plural 复数
 Synonyms and related words
Types and forms of word, clause or sentence: accusative, adjunct, allomorph...
polysemy
noun [U] linguistics /pəˈlɪsɪmi/
the fact of having more than one meaning
 Synonyms and related words
The words of a language:domain, language, lexical gap...
 Synonyms and related words
Types and forms of word, clause or sentence:accusative, adjunct, allomorph...
poss.
abbreviation linguistics
possessive
 Synonyms and related words
Types and forms of word, clause or sentence:accusative, adjunct, allomorph...
possessive
noun [C] linguistics /pəˈzesɪv/
a possessive word or form of a word 所有格；所有格形式
 Synonyms and related words
Types and forms of word, clause or sentence: accusative, adjunct, allomorph...
predeterminer
noun [C] linguistics /ˌpriːdɪˈtɜː(r)mɪnə(r)/
a word that comes before a determiner (a word such as ‘a', ‘the', ‘his', and ‘this') and gives more information about a noun. For example in the noun groups ‘all my fingers' and ‘half a loaf', ‘all' and ‘half' are predeterminers. 前置限定词，前置限定成分（如名词前的a,the, his, 或 this， 以及all my fingers 和half a loaf 中的all 和 half）
 Synonyms and related words
Types and forms of word, clause or sentence: accusative, adjunct, allomorph...
predicate
noun [C] linguistics /ˈpredɪkət/
the part of the sentence that contains the verb and its object or complements and gives more information about the subject, for example ‘was combing her hair' in the sentence ‘Francesca was combing her hair'. 谓语
 Synonyms and related words
Types and forms of word, clause or sentence: accusative, adjunct, allomorph...
prepositional phrase
noun [C] linguistics /ˌprepəzɪʃ(ə)nəl ˈfreɪz/
a prepositional phrase consists of a preposition followed by a noun group, pronoun, or ‘-ing' form. A prepositional phrase is often an adjunct in a clause, for example in the sentences ‘I called about your advert', and ‘I learned a lot from reading crime fiction', ‘about your advert' and ‘from reading crime fiction' are prepositional phrases. 介词短语
 Synonyms and related words
Types and forms of word, clause or sentence: accusative, adjunct, allomorph...
pseudo-cleft sentence
noun [C] linguistics /ˌsjuːdəʊkleft ˈsentəns/
a way of emphasizing part of a sentence by using a ‘what' clause as its subject or complement, with a form of ‘be' as the main verb. The sentences ‘What we should do is tell the truth', and ‘A holiday in the mountains is what I really need' are pseudo-cleft sentences. The non-emphatic alternatives would be ‘We should tell the truth' and ‘I really need a holiday in the mountains'.
 Synonyms and related words
Types and forms of word, clause or sentence:accusative, adjunct, allomorph...
qualifier
noun [C] /ˈkwɒlɪˌfaɪə(r)/
2
linguistics the part of a noun group, adjective group, or verb group that comes after the most important word (the head), and adds information about it. For example in the noun group ‘the rules of the game', the prepositional phrase ‘of the game' is a qualifier.
 Synonyms and related words
Types and forms of word, clause or sentence: accusative, adjunct, allomorph...
quantifier
noun [C] linguistics /ˈkwɒntɪˌfaɪə(r)/
a word or phrase such as ‘much' or ‘a few' that is used with another word to show quantity （数）量词
 Synonyms and related words
Types and forms of word, clause or sentence: accusative, adjunct, allomorph...
question tag
noun [C] linguistics
a short clause that you add to a statement to make it a question or to request agreement, for example ‘You called the builder didn't you?', 'He's a fantastic player, isn't he?' and ‘You can't work it out, can you?' When the first clause is affirmative, the tag is usually negative, and when the first clause is negative, the tag is usually affirmative. 疑问尾句；附加疑问句
 Synonyms and related words
Types and forms of word, clause or sentence: accusative, adjunct, allomorph...
referential question
noun [U] education /ˌrefərenʃ(ə)l ˈkwestʃ(ə)n/
a question that is designed to find out something the questioner does not already know

Referential questions themselves will not make students produce longer responses.

 Synonyms and related words
Types and forms of word, clause or sentence:accusative, adjunct, allomorph...
 Synonyms and related words
Teaching and ways of teaching:adaptive learning, behaviourist learning theory, blended learning...
relative clause
noun [C] linguistics
a subordinate clause that follows another clause and usually begins with words such as ‘who', ‘which', or ‘that'. Relative clauses give extra information about a person, thing, or situation in the preceding clause. For example in the sentence ‘From there you can see the whole city, which is beautiful at sunset', ‘which is beautiful at sunset' is a relative clause. 关系从句
 Synonyms and related words
Types and forms of word, clause or sentence: accusative, adjunct, allomorph...
reported speech
noun [U] linguistics /rɪˌpɔː(r)tɪd ˈspiːtʃ/
the words that you use to report what someone else has said, for example ‘He said we shouldn't leave town' 间接引语
 Synonyms and related words
Types and forms of word, clause or sentence: accusative, adjunct, allomorph...
restrictive relative clause
noun [C] linguistics /rɪˌstrɪktɪv relətɪv ˈklɔːz/
a relative clause that makes clear which particular person or thing you are referring to. For example, in the sentence ‘We need to maximize the amount of waste that is recycled', ‘that is recycled' is a restrictive relative clause. When the relative pronoun would be the object or complement of the relative clause, it is often omitted, for example in the sentence ‘His first movie contains some of the best acting I've ever seen'. 限制性关系从句
 Synonyms and related words
Types and forms of word, clause or sentence: accusative, adjunct, allomorph...
rheme
noun [C] linguistics /riːm/
in discourse analysis, the new information in a clause or sentence. The known information is called the theme.

In their native languages, good writers handle theme–rheme flow fairly naturally.

 Synonyms and related words
General grammatical and linguistic terms:cognitive grammar, concordance, conversation analysis...
 Synonyms and related words
Types and forms of word, clause or sentence:accusative, adjunct, allomorph...
run-on sentence
noun [C] linguistics
a sentence in which two main clauses are connected without any conjunctions, or without the correct punctuation
 Synonyms and related words
Types and forms of word, clause or sentence:accusative, adjunct, allomorph...
sentence
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noun [C] /ˈsentəns/
1
a group of words, usually including a subject and a verb, that express a statement, question, or instruction. A written sentence begins with a capital letter and ends with a full stop, question mark, or exclamation mark. 句子；句
 Synonyms and related words
Types and forms of word, clause or sentence: accusative, adjunct, allomorph...
simple sentence
noun [C] linguistics /ˌsɪmp(ə)l ˈsentəns/
a sentence consisting of one independent clause only. It usually has a subject and verb, and often an object or complement and one or more adjuncts. For example, ‘We played football in the rain all afternoon' is a simple sentence.
 Synonyms and related words
Types and forms of word, clause or sentence:accusative, adjunct, allomorph...
the singular
noun linguistics /ˈsɪŋɡjʊlə(r)/
the form of a word that is used for referring to one person or thing （词的）单数形式
 Synonyms and related words
Types and forms of word, clause or sentence: accusative, adjunct, allomorph...
speech act
noun [C] linguistics
an action that people perform when they communicate with others. When for example someone claims, suggests, promises, requests, or refuses something, they are obeying certain rules of communication in order to make their intentions understood.
 Synonyms and related words
Types and forms of word, clause or sentence:accusative, adjunct, allomorph...
speech event
noun [C] linguistics /ˈspiːtʃ ɪˌvent/
another name for a speech act

Recent work has described how discourse connects across speech events.

 Synonyms and related words
Types and forms of word, clause or sentence:accusative, adjunct, allomorph...
subject
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noun [C] /ˈsʌbdʒɪkt/
3
linguistics in active clauses, the part of a clause referring to the person or thing that does or causes the action of a verb. In English, the subject is usually a noun group or pronoun, and comes before the verb. For example in the sentence ‘Some children enjoy writing stories', the subject is ‘some children'. （英语语法中的）主语
 Synonyms and related words
Types and forms of word, clause or sentence: accusative, adjunct, allomorph...
subordinate clause
noun [C] linguistics
a clause that adds information about an independent clause, but is not considered to be a well-formed sentence on its own. For example in the sentence ‘When you hear the alarm, get out of bed immediately', ‘when you hear the alarm' is a subordinate clause. 从句；从属分句
 Synonyms and related words
Types and forms of word, clause or sentence: accusative, adjunct, allomorph...
tag
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noun /tæɡ/
4
[C] linguistics a question tag 疑问尾句；附加疑问句
 Synonyms and related words
Types and forms of word, clause or sentence: accusative, adjunct, allomorph...
tag question
noun [C] linguistics
a question tag 疑问尾句；附加疑问句
 Synonyms and related words
Types and forms of word, clause or sentence: accusative, adjunct, allomorph...
theme
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noun [C] /θiːm/
3
linguistics in discourse analysis, the known information in a clause or sentence. The new information is called the rheme.

In their native languages, good writers handle theme–rheme flow fairly naturally.

 Synonyms and related words
General grammatical and linguistic terms: cognitive grammar, concordance, conversation analysis...
 Synonyms and related words
Types and forms of word, clause or sentence: accusative, adjunct, allomorph...
topic sentence
noun [C] linguistics /ˈtɒpɪk ˌsentəns/
the first sentence in a paragraph, which sets out the topic of the paragraph

Expand the numbered ideas to create your topic sentences for each paragraph.

 Synonyms and related words
Types and forms of word, clause or sentence:accusative, adjunct, allomorph...
valency
noun [C] /ˈveɪlənsi/
2
linguistics all the phrases and clauses that typically follow a verb. For example, the valency of a linking verb like ‘be' typically involves a noun group, an adjective group, or a prepositional phrases such as ‘in a muddle' in the sentence ‘Oh dear, you are in a muddle, aren't you?' （语言）配价；价
 Synonyms and related words
Types and forms of word, clause or sentence: accusative, adjunct, allomorph...
zero article
noun [singular] linguistics /ˌzɪərəʊ ˈɑː(r)tɪk(ə)l/
in English, the absence of an article before nouns that refer to something that is indefinite. For example, in the sentence 'She loves cheese but hates eggs' both 'cheese' and 'eggs' have zero article.
 Synonyms and related words
Types and forms of word, clause or sentence:accusative, adjunct, allomorph...
the zero conditional
noun [singular] linguistics /ˌzɪərəʊ kənˈdɪʃ(ə)nəl/
in English, a type of conditional used in statements of general truths, where both verbs are in the present, for example, 'If you prick me do I not bleed?'
 Synonyms and related words
Types and forms of word, clause or sentence:accusative, adjunct, allomorph...
Others
direct discourse
noun [U] linguistics American
the exact words that someone has said. In writing, they are shown inside quotation marks. 直接引语
 Synonyms and related words
Types and forms of word, clause or sentence: accusative, adjunct, allomorph...
gender
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noun /ˈdʒendə(r)/
3
[C/U] linguistics the gender of a word is whether it is masculine, feminine, or neuter. In English, only pronouns like ‘he' and ‘she' and possessive determiners like ‘his' and ‘her' have gender, but in other languages such as French all nouns, pronouns etc have gender. （语法）性（如阳性、阴性或中性。英语中只有代词he和she及物主代词his和her有性的差异。但在法语等其他语言中所有的名词及代词均有阴阳性）
 Synonyms and related words
Types and forms of word, clause or sentence: accusative, adjunct, allomorph...
object complement
noun [C] linguistics /ˌɒbdʒekt ˈkɒmplɪment/
a type of grammatical complement that identifies or describes a direct object. An object complement is usually a noun or an adjective. For example, in the sentences ‘Everyone considered the project a success' and ‘The window was left open', the object complements are ‘a success' and ‘open'.
 Synonyms and related words
Types and forms of word, clause or sentence:accusative, adjunct, allomorph...

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