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IELTS BNC: 702 COCA: 855

environment

Word family 
Related topics: Environment & waste
en·vi·ron·ment /ɪnˈvaɪrənmənt/ ●●● S1 W1 AWL noun  
1  the environment SGEthe air, water, and land on Earth, which is affected by man’s activities 自然环境
 Some of these chemicals are very damaging to the environment.
这些化学品中有些对环境非常有害。
 legislation to protect the environment
保护环境的法规
 the effects of acid rain on the environment
酸雨对环境的影响
 the government minister for the environment
负责环境事务的政府部长
n Grammar
You always say the environment in this meaning:
Pollution from cars is bad for the environment.
✗Don’t say: Pollution from cars is bad for environment.
Examples from the Corpus
the environment• Young people between 18 and 30 tend to be much more concerned about the environment than the older generation.• Recycling paper and cans is one easy way to preserve the environment.• Ask your local MP what he or she intends to do to help protect the environment.• Many modern farming methods are highly damaging to the environment.
→4  See picture on 见图 Page A6 Environmental problems 环境问题 →4  See picture on 见图 Page A7 Environmental solutions 环保方法
2  [countableC, uncountableU]SITUATION the people and things that are around you in your life, for example the buildings you use, the people you live or work with, and the general situation you are in 生活环境，周围状况
 The company had failed to provide a safe environment for its workers.
该公司没有为员工提供安全的工作环境。
3  [countableC] the natural features of a place, for example its weather, the type of land it has, and the type of plants that grow in it 生态环境 → habitat
 a forest environment
森林环境
 a very adaptable creature that will eat different foods in different environments
一种能在不同环境中吃不同食物的适应能力很强的生物
 COLLOCATIONS – Meaning 1:
verbs
protect the environment 保护环境
We need to take drastic steps to protect the environment.
我们要采取严厉措施来保护环境。
conserve the environment formal (=protect it and prevent it from changing or being damaged) 保护环境
People need to live in harmony with nature and conserve the environment.
人们应该与大自然和谐共存并保护环境。
harm/damage the environment 损害/破坏环境
The government insists that the dam will not harm the environment.
政府坚称这座水坝不会损害环境。
destroy the environment 毁坏环境
We need to find ways of producing energy without destroying the environment.
我们需要找到不破坏环境的能源生产方式。
pollute the environment 污染环境
Nuclear waste will pollute the environment for centuries.
核废物对环境的污染将持续几个世纪。
clean up the environment 整治环境
It’s about time that we started cleaning up the environment.
我们该整治环境了。
adjectives
the natural environment 自然环境
Current methods of farming are damaging the natural environment.
目前的耕作方式对自然环境造成破坏。
the marine environment (=the sea and the creatures that live there) 海洋环境
nFish farming poses a threat to the marine environment.
phrases
be good/bad for the environment 对环境有益/有害
Plastic bags are bad for the environment.
塑料袋对环境有害。
be harmful to the environment 对环境有害
Emissions from cars are harmful to the environment.
汽车尾气对环境有害。
protection of the environment 环境保护
In developing countries, protection of the environment is not a primary concern.
在发展中国家，环境保护不是人们主要关注的问题。
conservation of the environment 环境保护
There are many organizations dedicated to conservation of the environment.
有许多组织致力于环境保护。
damage/harm to the environment 对环境的破坏/损害
A lot of chemicals used in industry cause harm to the environment.
许多工业用化学品会对环境造成损害。
the destruction of the environment 对环境的毁坏
Logging has led to the destruction of the natural environment.
采伐树木对自然环境造成了破坏。
pollution of the environment 环境污染
The waste material must be stored safely to avoid pollution of the environment.
废料必须妥善存放以防污染环境。
the effect/impact on the environment 对环境的影响
The building’s design will minimize its impact on the environment.
大楼的设计将其对环境的影响减至最小。
COMMON ERRORSDon’t say ‘hurt the environment’. Say harm the environment or damage the environment.
不要说 ‘hurt the environment’. 而要说 harm the environment 或 damage the environment.
n THESAURUS
the environment the air, water, and land on Earth, which is affected by man’s activities
We need to do more to protect the environment.
How much does air travel damage the environment?
ecosystem technical all the animals and plants that exist in a place, considered as a single system with parts that depend on each other
the island’s fragile ecosystem
The rapid decline in the number of great sharks is disrupting the marine ecosystem.
habitat the natural home of an animal or plant
The tree can grow to be 120 feet tall in its natural habitat.
the biosphere technical the Earth’s surface and atmosphere where animals and plants can live
Scientists are monitoring changes in the global biosphere.
ecology the scientific study of the way in which the animals, plants, and natural features of a place affect and depend on each other
She’s studying marine ecology.
green adjectiveadj [only before noun] relating to the environment or to protecting the environment
Voters are becoming more concerned about green issues.
The party is keen to demonstrate its green credentials (=show that it thinks the environment is important).
eco- prefix relating to the environment and protecting the environment
eco-friendly products (=which do not harm the environment)
eco-tourism (=which does not harm the environment)
eco-warrior (=someone who protests to try to save the environment)
eco-sensitive land (=where the environment is easily damaged)
n COLLOCATIONS – Meaning 2: the people and things that are around you in your life, for example the buildings you use, the people you live or work with, and the general situation you are in 生活环境，周围状况
ADJECTIVES/NOUN + environment
the physical environment (=the place where you live or work, including buildings, furniture etc)
Improvements to the physical environment range from removing graffiti to planting trees.
the immediate environment (=the building in which you live or work, and the area very close to it)
Most accidents happen to young children within the immediate environment of their home.
a safe environment
The playground provides a safe environment for children.
a stable environment (=without any big changes)
They argued that being married helps provide a stable environment for bringing up children.
a friendly/pleasant environment
The restaurant offers a stylish and friendly environment with first-class service.
a clean/dirty environment
People who live in a very clean environment may have a lower immunity to germs.
a competitive environment
Our business has to operate in an increasingly competitive environment.
a working/learning environment
Most people prefer a quiet working environment.
the home/domestic/family environment
A lot of children suffer because of problems in their home environment.
the economic environment
The economic environment has changed, and many countries are sliding into recession.
the business environment
In today’s fast-moving business environment, companies must be flexible.
the political environment
Ministers are having to make these decisions in a difficult political environment.
the cultural/social environment
Changes in the cultural environment affect people’s attitudes and values.
n COLLOCATIONS – Meaning 3: the natural features of a place, for example its weather, the type of land it has, and the type of plants that grow in it 生态环境
adjectives
a coastal/desert/mountain etc environment
The storm caused significant damage to the coastal environment.
an inhospitable/harsh environment (=one where the conditions make life difficult)
The freezing climate makes this one of the most inhospitable environments on the planet.
a hostile environment (=with many difficulties and dangers)
It is difficult to see how anything can survive in such a hostile environment.
a fragile environment (=easily damaged or destroyed)
Many people are worried about the impact of tourism on the region’s fragile environment.
Examples from the Corpus
environment• Almost every newborn encounters an environment that acts toward it in a social way.• Adaptation to a changing environment may be necessary as before to achieve traditional goals.• As a social science, Geography focuses on how people create and use their socio-economic, built and cultural environments.• Remember all those experiments with rats living in enriched environments?• Do girls learn better in an all-female environment?• It's not a very safe environment for children there.• I didn't feel that the neighborhood was a very safe environment for kids.• It is important to emphasize any explanation of the foot soldiers is highly contingent upon the environment in which they are operating.• They wanted control over their environment, including financial, material, and other resources.• Our company tries to maintain a pleasant work environment.• We have tried to create a working environment in which everyone can develop their skills.
From Longman Business Dictionary
environmenten·vi·ron·ment /ɪnˈvaɪərənmənt-ˈvaɪr-/ noun [countableC]
1the environment the air, water, and land in which people, animals, and plants live
Since these chemicals were banned, pesticide levels in the environment have been declining.
2the general conditions that influence something
Moving forward in a changing environment is never easy.
In the new global business environment the exchange of information is the key to success.
The new company will be operating in a competitive environment.
The results were in line with what we expected, in spite of the difficult economic environment.
Despite the poor retail environment, the company is doing well.
3COMPUTING the kind of OPERATING SYSTEM used by a computer
the Windows environment
Origin environment
(1600-1700) environ “to surround” ((14-21 centuries)), from Old French environer, from environ “around”, from viron “circle”
en·vi·ron·ment noun →n GRAMMAR1 →COLLOCATIONS1
→n COLLOCATIONS2 →n COLLOCATIONS3 →n THESAURUS1
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