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TOEFL IELTS BNC: 4815 COCA: 6243

surplus

Word family 
Related topics: Economics
sur·plus1 /ˈsɜːpləs $ ˈsɜːr-/ ●○○ noun [countableC, uncountableU]  
1  TOO/TOO MUCHan amount of something that is more than what is needed or used 剩余，过剩；剩余额，多余的量 SYN excess
 Any surplus can be trimmed away.
多出来的部分可以修剪掉。
surplus of
 a surplus of crude oil
原油过剩
2  PEPROFITthe amount of money that a country or company has left after it has paid for all the things it needs 盈余；顺差
 a huge budget surplus of over £16 billion
超过 160 亿英镑的巨额预算盈余
→ trade surplus
Examples from the Corpus
surplus• For the first time in 20 years Congress was working with a budget surplus.• a budget surplus• The budget surplus could be used to hire and train more border guards.• The December surplus was the first monthly trade gain in 1995, the ministry said in a preliminary report.• Government subsidies have resulted in huge grain surpluses.• Our surplus on book publishing last year was $47 million.• Plant closings, department mergers, and restricted budgets often provide an organization with a temporary surplus of cash and other resources.• The Gulf States produce more oil than they need and sell the surplus to the rest of the world.• The surplus will go towards replacing their club van that was used to transport boxers to events and beach training at Redcar.• This surplus will cause a competitive bidding down of price by sellers eager to relieve themselves of their surplus.• The existence of monopoly denies them that opportunity, and this is manifest in the inevitable reduction in total surplus.• Today there is a worrisome surplus of 1 million empty apartments in the East, particularly in the cities.
surplus of• There is a slight surplus of oil worldwide.
budget surplus• A budget surplus of EC$12,300,000 was predicted on the current account.• The result has been a burgeoning budget surplus.• The government is running a large budget surplus and expects to carry on doing so.• Interest rates can be cut and Bill Clinton's budget surplus spent.• Bush spent the campaign pretending that this was an election about the budget surplus, or social security or the military.• The budget surplus of A$8,107 million was the fourth consecutive surplus, and would be used to reduce overseas debt.
surplus2 ●○○ adjectiveadj  
1  TOO/TOO MUCHmore than what is needed or used 过剩的，剩余的，多余的
 Ethiopia has no surplus food.
埃塞俄比亚没有多余的食物。
surplus cash/funds/revenues
 Surplus cash can be invested.
多余的钱可以进行投资。
2  be surplus to requirements British EnglishBrE formalNEED# to be no longer necessary 不再被需要
 He found out he was surplus to requirements in London and left.
他发现自己留在伦敦是多余的，于是就离开了。
Examples from the Corpus
be surplus to requirements• It may be some time yet before Mansell's services are surplus to requirements.• It was very pale and had no expression, as though expressions were surplus to requirements.• Most housing developers believe about 30,000 of these are surplus to requirements.• So now you have a new baby, your 15-year-old is surplus to requirements.• The social services department says the three homes are surplus to requirements.
Examples from the Corpus
surplus• Anne bought a surplus Army Jeep.• Arra said Corrections has frozen all purchases of surplus equipment until a review is completed.• surplus grain• The State raised $130 million by selling off surplus land.• This will continue for as long as the surplus nutrients remain in the water, which may be months.• It was very pale and had no expression, as though expressions were surplus to requirements.• Although Karl Marx's formulation of the theory of surplus value was more sophisticated, his debt to Hodgskin is unmistakable.• And the only sensible place to use the surplus water was in the San Fernando Valley.
surplus cash/funds/revenues• Gradually coffee came to replace maize as the main agricultural produce of the community and foodstuffs were bought with surplus cash.• If the business is a goer, the entrepreneur moves on to the full Enterprise Allowance system and gets back any surplus funds.• Essentially those institutions with surplus funds lend to those with insufficient funds to meet their requirements.• Financing decisions Fixed asset investment can be funded from several sources: equity, surplus cash, loans or leasing.• Prudential alone has surplus funds of an estimated £8 billion.• It would suit them better to use their surplus cash to aid starving children in other countries.• When the crisis is over, any surplus funds will be donated to the Gulf Trust.• After the principal had been repaid, through the balance sheet, surplus funds would be recorded as increases in capital.
From Longman Business Dictionary
surplussur·plus1 /ˈsɜːpləsˈsɜːr-/ noun
1[countableC, uncountableU]ECONOMICS an amount of something that is more than what is wanted, needed, or used
Sugar prices fell after revised estimates of the surplus for the current crop year.
surplus of
There is a current housing surplus of approximately 500,000 properties.
→ budget surplus → capital surplus → consumer surplus
2[countableC, uncountableU]FINANCE in MUTUALs (=insurance companies etc that do not have shareholders) the profit for a particular period of time, or from several periods of time, that has not been paid out to members
The life insurance company had capital and surplus totaling $459.2 million.
3[countableC]FINANCE in insurance companies and PENSION FUNDs, the amount by which the money held is more than they have to pay out in claims or pensions
The steelworks pensioners joined the fight to get a share of a £300 million British Steel pension surplus.
4[countableC] (also balance of payments surplus or, external surplus)ECONOMICS the amount by which the money coming into a country is more than the money going out in a particular period of time
A country that has a balance of payments surplus may receive payment from the debtor’s foreign exchange reserves.
→ trade surplus
surplussurplus2 adjectiveadj
more than is needed or wanted
Many businesses relocated, surplus space having become available because of the recession.
Those employees will become surplus, and costly to retain.
Origin surplus1
(1300-1400) Old French Medieval Latin superplus, from Latin plus “more”
sur·plus1 nounsurplus2 adjectiveadj
Chinese
Syllable
Corpus
TOEFL IELTS BNC: 4815 COCA: 6243
surplus

noun

ADJECTIVE | VERB + SURPLUS | SURPLUS + NOUN | PREPOSITION ADJECTIVE➤big, huge, large大量剩餘；巨大的剩餘◇a large grain surplus大量餘糧➤small少量剩餘➤projected預計的盈餘◇a projected surplus of $5.6 trillion over ten years預計的 10 年 56 億美元盈餘➤agricultural農產品過剩➤budget, current-account, federal, social-security, trade預算／經常賬戶／聯邦／社保／貿易盈餘➤consumer, producer (both economics經濟學) 消費者／生產者剩餘VERB + SURPLUS➤have, run (especially NAmE) 有盈餘◇Japan runs a large current-account surplus.日本擁有巨額的經常賬戶盈餘。➤generate, produce生成／產生盈餘➤project (especially NAmE) 預計有盈餘SURPLUS + NOUN➤cash, stock現金盈餘；庫存剩餘PREPOSITION➤in surplus有盈餘◇The pension fund is in surplus.養老基金有盈餘。
TOEFL IELTS BNC: 4815 COCA: 6243
surplus noun
⇨ profitsurplus adj.
⇨ excess
TOEFL IELTS BNC: 4815 COCA: 6243
surplus
Excess, extra amounts and things added: addition, spare, supplement...
Unspecified amounts of money: amount, appropriation, a price on someone's head...
Too much, extra and more: too, exceptional, surplus...

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