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IELTS BNC: 358 COCA: 670

subject

Word family 
Related topics: School, College, Painting and drawing, Photography, Biology, Grammar, Citizenship
sub·ject1 /ˈsʌbdʒɪkt/ ●●● S2 W1 noun [countableC]  
1  thing talked about 谈论的事情SUBJECT the thing you are talking about or considering in a conversation, discussion, book, film etc 〔对话、讨论、书、电影等的〕主题，题目；话题
 Paul has strong opinions on most subjects.
保罗在大多数问题上观点激烈。
 The subjects covered in this chapter are exercise and nutrition.
本章涵盖的主题是运动和营养。
subject of
 Truffaut’s childhood memories were the subject of his first film.
特吕弗的童年记忆是他第一部电影的主题。
 While we’re on the subject of money, do you have the $10 you owe me?
既然我们谈到钱这个话题，那你欠我的十美元，现在有吗？
Don’t say ‘the subject is about ... ’: The subject of the poem is war. | The poem is about war.
不要说 ‘the subject is about ...’: The subject of the poem is war. 该诗的主题是战争。 | The poem is about war. 这首诗写的是战争。
→ subject matter
2  at school 在学校SESSEC an area of knowledge that you study at a school or university 学科，科目；课程
 My favorite subject is math.
我最喜欢的学科是数学。
3  in art 在艺术方面AVPTCP the thing or person that you show when you paint a picture, take a photograph etc 〔绘画、摄影等的〕题材，主题
 Monet loved to use gardens as his subjects.
莫奈喜欢以花园作为题材。
4  in a test 在实验中HBTEST/EXPERIMENT a person or animal that is used in a test or experiment 实验对象，接受实验的人[动物]
 The subjects of this experiment were all men aged 18–35.
实验对象均为 18 至 35 岁的男性。
5. grammar 语法SLG a noun, noun phrase, or pronoun that usually comes before a main verb and represents the person or thing that performs the action of the verb, or about which something is stated, for example ‘she’ in ‘She hit John’ or ‘elephants’ in ‘Elephants are big’ 主语〔如 She hit John 中的 she，或 Elephants are big 中的 elephants〕 → object1(6)
6  citizen 公民 formalPGC someone who was born in a country that has a king or queen, or someone who has a right to live there 〔君主国的〕臣民，国民
 a British subject
英国国民
→ citizen(2), national2
 COLLOCATIONS
verbs
discuss/talk about a subject 讨论/谈论某一话题
Have you discussed the subject with your husband?
你和你丈夫讨论过这个问题吗？
change the subject (=start talking about something different) 改变话题
She tried to change the subject.
她试图改变话题。
mention a subject 提到某一话题
The subject was not mentioned again.
这个问题没有再提到。
deal with/cover a subject (=speak or write about it) 论述某一主题
The subject is dealt with in great detail in his previous book.
这个问题在他前一本书中有详尽论述。
touch on a subject (=say or write a little about it) 触及某一话题
nIn his speech, he touched on the subject of death.
bring up/raise a subject (=deliberately start talking about it) 提出某一话题
nYou brought the subject up, not me.
get onto a subject (=happen to start talking about it) 开始谈论某一话题
nWe somehow got onto the subject of detective stories.
broach a subject (=start talking about a sensitive subject) 开始谈论某一敏感话题
nShe hesitated, wondering exactly how to broach the subject of their sleeping arrangements.
get back to a subject 回到某一话题
nSomehow I just knew in the end we would get back to the subject of money.
drop a subject (=stop talking about it) 不再谈某一话题
nTo her relief, Julius dropped the subject.
avoid/keep off/stay off a subject (=not talk about it) 避开某一话题
nI knew he was trying to avoid the subject of drugs.
nShe hoped that Anna would keep off the subject of Luke for the next few hours.
nget somebody off a subject (=make them talk about something else)
It was difficult to get him off the subject of cars.
a subject comes up (=people start talking about it) 某一话题被提到
nThe subject of payment never came up.
adjectives
an interesting/fascinating subject 有趣的话题
Fame is a fascinating subject.
名誉是个极有趣的话题。
a difficult/complex subject (=very complicated) 困难/复杂的话题
Immigration is a complex subject.
移民是一个复杂的话题。
a controversial subject 有争议的话题
The content of the curriculum has become a controversial subject.
课程内容已变成一个有争议的话题。
a sensitive/touchy subject (=one that people may get upset about) 敏感的话题
nSteer clear of complicated issues or sensitive subjects.
na delicate subject (=one that may be embarrassing)
She carefully avoided discussing the delicate subject of money.
a taboo subject (=one that it is not acceptable to mention) 禁忌的话题
nFor them, death was not a taboo subject.
phrases
a subject of/for discussion 讨论的主题
TV is a favourite subject for discussion.
电视是一个特别受欢迎的讨论主题。
a subject of conversation 谈话的主题
She searched for a new subject of conversation.
她寻找新的话题。
a subject of/for debate (=a subject people discuss and disagree about) 辩论的主题
nThe reason for the increased risk of cancer is still a subject of debate.
a subject of controversy (=a subject people disagree about strongly) 争议的主题
nNuclear power is still the subject of considerable controversy.
na subject area (=a group of related subjects)
He has written a lot in this subject area.
Examples from the Corpus
subject• Subjects for this experiment represented a good cross-section of the American population.• All subjects were tested for perfect hearing before the experiment began.• Each subject is given a number.• Revision is necessary to make provision for emerging subjects.• History was my favorite subject in school.• English was my favourite subject at school.• But his subjects refused to sit still, disappearing into cellars and doorways.• I read a lot of books about astronomy. It's a very interesting subject.• We talked about all sorts of subjects.• Until about 20 years ago, the subject of the environment was hardly discussed.• The brewing group has been the subject of intense speculation for decades.• I could see John was embarrassed, so I changed the subject.• As we have seen, this second chance to debate the subject of dissension within the community was also rejected.• This is getting us nowhere. Let's just drop the subject, okay?• Instead, she took a job as a maid - the subject of her first book, One Pair of Hands.• Half of the subjects were given caffeine.• The first book on the subject was published in 1900.• He has very little to say on the subject of the accusations made against him.• I asked some human beings, people who had studied the subject for years, and they did not know.• So many antiques that Architectural Digest magazine devoted a lengthy article to the subject in its November issue.• Bottle-collecting even has a website devoted to the subject.• Truffaut's childhood memories were the subject of his first film.• What subjects are you studying?
on the subject of• Marie said nothing at all on the subject of Mr Bertram.• Part of the programme included talks prepared by the cadets on the subject of the centenary.• Let us examine the views of the hon. Member for Fife, Central on the subject of TECs.• He's not very talkative except on the subject of his plants.• Mr. Key I am delighted to reassure the hon. Gentleman on the subject of computer software for local authorities.• The smoke in Broadcasting House offices blew through long meetings on the subject of Julian and Sandy.• While we're on the subject of money, do you have that $10 you owe me?• After all, thought I, I was the best qualified of those present to speak on the subject of the future.• I have collected this catalogue from the dozens of workshops and courses I have run for teachers on the subject of stress.• But something had happened when she'd touched on the subject of Tony.• Several good books have been written on the subject of personality disorders.
Related topics: Government
subject2 ●○○ adjectiveadj  
1  be subject to something 
a) if someone or something is subject to something, especially something bad, it is possible or likely that they will be affected by it 易受某人[某事]影响；可能会…的
 All flights are subject to delay.
所有航班都有可能延误。
 Prices are subject to change.
价格有可能变化。
b) DEPEND ON/RELY ONif something is subject to something such as approval, it depends on that thing happening before it can happen 取决于某人[某事]，视某人[某事]而定
 The funding is subject to approval by the Board of Education.
拨款有待教育委员会批准。
Examples from the Corpus
be subject to something• For at least a month before Christmas we were subjected to an endless barrage of ads for fattening festive foods.• The sale, which is subject to financing and regulatory approval, is expected to close in June 1996.• And even these categories are subject to quotas and waiting periods.• On these pretexts they were subjected to recurring cycles of violence, mass expulsion, and mass murder.• But there's a price-his finances are subject to strict oversight by Washington University.• Proprietorships are subject to sudden and unpredictable demise, but, legally at least, corporations are immortal.• Both figures are subject to the usual caveats about margins of error.
2  be subject to a rule/law/penalty/tax etc if you are subject to a rule, law, penalty etc, you must obey the rule or pay an amount of money 须遵守规则/须遵守法令/须缴纳罚款/须缴纳税款等
 Violators are subject to a $100 fine.
违者罚款 100 美元。
3  [only before noun] formalPG a subject country, state, people etc are strictly governed by another country 〔国家、人民等〕被他国统治的，受人管辖的
 subject peoples
被他国统治的民族
Examples from the Corpus
subject• Marx maintained that in all class societies, the ruling class exploits and oppresses the subject class.
Related topics: Government
sub·ject3 /səbˈdʒekt/ ●○○ verb [transitiveT]  
1.formalPGCONTROL to force a country or group of people to be ruled by you, and control them very strictly 使隶属，使顺从；征服
2 subject somebody/something to something phrasal verbphr v SUFFERto force someone or something to experience something very unpleasant, especially over a long time 〔尤指长期〕使遭受，使经历，使蒙受
 Police subjected him to hours of questioning.
警察对他进行了长时间的盘问。
subject somebody to an ordeal/abuse/harassment
 Barker subjected his victim to awful abuse.
巴克对其受害者进行了残酷的虐待。
Examples from the Corpus
subject to • Most of these provisions subject clauses to a test of reasonableness; however, some clauses are made wholly ineffective.• Does the picture show the subject off to best advantage?• Although we welcome the Bill, we shall subject it to detailed scrutiny in Committee.• However, unwarranted use of antibiotics can help create drug-resistant bacteria and subject patients to nasty side effects, like severe diarrhea.• The third bill treats unsolicited e-mail like unsolicited faxes and subjects the sender to potential criminal sanction.• The teacher is subject only to the countercontrol exerted by the student.• Others would be the subject of reports to the Director of Public Prosecutions and the authorities.• Journalists now subject him to the scrutiny he avoided in his stealthy rise.
Examples from the Corpus
subject• Responses to natural challenges thus continually free humanity from its environment and at the same time subject it to the resultant solutions.• Most authors of political business cycle models subject their models to econometric or other forms of testing.• Exhaust gases are then subjected to an air injection which encourages unburnt fuel to ignite in the exhaust manifold.• The only sign of this disorder is the splitting of albumin into two distinct bands when serum is subjected to electrophoresis.• To what extent are club doctors subject to pressure to agree to players playing while injured?• Because they lead somewhat unusual lives, college teachers are often subjected to this type of elaborate caricature.• Physiological mechanisms which control the population dynamics are also subject to variation and selection.
From Longman Business Dictionary
subjectsub·ject /ˈsʌbdʒɪkt/ adjectiveadj
1subject to used to say that something is affected, or can be affected, by something
Withdrawals are subject to a withholding tax of between 10% and 30%.
Dealers convicted of felony charges will be subject to suspension.
2subject to dependent on something else
The proposed transaction is subject to shareholder approval.
A deal has been struck, subject to contract (=it is not final until the contract has been signed).
3subject to averageINSURANCE used in insurance contracts to describe a situation in which a property has been insured for less than its real value, and the insured person has to pay for part of any loss
In the event of under-insurance, the settlement would be subject to average.
Origin subject1
(1300-1400) Old French Latin subjectus, from subicere “to put under your control”, from jacere “to throw”
sub·ject1 noun →COLLOCATIONS1subject2 adjectiveadjsub·ject3 verb
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