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given

Word family 
giv·en1 /ˈɡɪvən/ verb  
x-refthe past participle of give give的过去分词
given2 ●○○ adjectiveadj [only before noun]  
1  any/a given ... ALL/EVERYTHINGany particular time, situation, amount etc that is being used as an example 指定的，特定的
 On any given day in the Houston area, half the hospital beds are empty.
在休斯敦地区，任何一天医院的床位都有一半是空的。
 The rules are to be followed in any given situation.
这些规则在任何情况下都要遵守。
at any given time/moment
 There are thought to be around 10,000 young homeless Scots in London at any given time.
据信伦敦无论何时都有一万左右的苏格兰青年无家可归。
Examples from the Corpus
any/a given ...• These standards may vary from country to country and they may be changed from time to time within a given country.• On any given day in the Houston area, half the hospital beds are empty.• In practice this can only be achieved within the constraints of any given indexing language and system.• However, since these charts deal with averages, they may not be appropriate for any given individual.• It is accepted that within any given population there are natural variations in health status.• Signals from the ground are passed from one satellite to another as they move across any given region.• This knot shape therefore never varies for any given sequence of amino acids.• We must weigh that in determining whether kids should watch a given show.• Only 7 lines can be displayed at any given time.
2  ARRANGE A MEETING, EVENT ETCpreviously arranged 事先安排好的；规定的 SYN specific
 The wrapping machine was pre-set to wrap a given number of biscuits.
包装机预设好可以包装一定数量的饼干。
 Candidates will have to give a presentation on a given topic.
候选人必须就指定话题展开论述。
 a game in which, at a given signal, everyone has to stand still
大家接到约定信号后都必须静止不动的一个游戏
3  be given to (doing) something formalOFTEN to tend to do something, especially something that you should not do 往往会做某事〔尤指不该做的事〕
 He was a quiet man, not usually given to complaining.
他是个话不多的人，一般不会发牢骚。
Examples from the Corpus
be given to (doing) something• But when that remedy was given to a sick person exhibiting those same symptoms, it helped cure the person.• Extra funds were given to agricultural production, food subsidies, and housing for armed forces personnel.• Consideration should be given to arranging for a banker's guarantee in the firm's favour.• For example, careful attention is given to communication in writing.• We were young and our waking hours were given to games.• I would like my poem to be given to such a man by the Police.• Some adults are still given to temper tantrums.• Examination also needs to be given to the type of religious environment which permits the abuse of women to occur without reparations.• Some thought has to be given to what is possible and it may be that time out can not be used.
4  take something as given BELIEVEto accept that something is true or exists, especially when you are developing an idea or argument 认为某事理所当然如此，认为某事是想当然〔尤用于得出观点〕
 The fact that people find change difficult is taken as given.
人总觉得改变什么很难，这是毫无疑问的。
Examples from the Corpus
given• Set size the width of the type body of a given point size.• These were to identify, but not describe or interpret, the stylistic devices present in a given text.• They didn't meet me at the given time.
given3 prepositionprep  
SURPRISEDtaking something into account 考虑到，鉴于 SYN considering
 Given the circumstances, you’ve done really well.
鉴于这种情况，你已经算是处理得很好了。
given that
 Given that the patients have some disabilities, we still try to enable them to be as independent as possible.
虽然考虑到病人有生理上的不便，我们还是尽量让他们自立。
Examples from the Corpus
given• Given the number of people we invited, I'm surprised so few came.
given that• An employee who was given that choice and chooses resignation can still receive unemployment compensation or file a lawsuit against the boss.• They are permitted no naturalistic embellishment, but given that choice the stylisation should be taken further.• This is not surprising given that entrance charge is only a part of the relevant composite price.• Yet none has ever been given that honor.• I think I did all right, given that I didn't study much for the test.• A serious issue indeed for the Committee given that literature is to be the central instrument for furthering its cultural programme.• Nicholas was never given that privilege.• It is especially difficult given that several of the most important Idealists were also actively contributing to the reinterpretation of Liberal principles.• Not all of either circumstance was required for the effect, given that the other whole circumstance existed.
given4 noun [countableC]  
TRUEa basic fact that you accept as being true 可以肯定的基本事实
 Sandra will be at least 15 minutes late – that’s a given.
桑德拉至少会迟到15分钟，这是肯定的。
 The concept is taken as a given in social studies.
在社会学研究中，这个概念被认为是真理。
Examples from the Corpus
given• Indeed many other art-historical givens have been rendered obsolete by pluralism and cultural diversity.• The so-called laws of nature are regarded as inexorable givens.• They were, like this new body she was growing into, givens.• We might say roughly that there are two sorts of givens which we could call duties and wishes.• It enters into the work as one of the givens with which the artist begins.• National identities are not constant and unchanging givens.
taken as a given• The classical answer is simply that they are there; they are taken as given.• Classical economic theory denies that those characteristics can be taken as given.• In effect, they argue that the governmental agenda can not be taken as a given.• The number of firms in the manufacturing sector has been so far taken as given.• Here, aggression is taken as a given which must find some outlet.• In the art world, if not in mainstream media and media theory, the hardware is seldom taken as given.• Traditionally the supply of deposits was taken as given.
giv·en1 verbgiven2 adjectiveadjgiven3 prepositionprepgiven4 noun
Chinese
Syllable
Corpus

See also: give

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