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TOEFL BNC: 6384 COCA: 5066

warfare

Word family 
Related topics: Military
war·fare /ˈwɔːfeə $ ˈwɔːrfer/ ●○○ noun [uncountableU]  
1  PMWARthe activity of fighting in a war – used especially when talking about particular methods of fighting 战争〔尤指作战方式〕
 the realities of modern warfare
现代战争的真实面貌
chemical/nuclear/germ etc warfare 化学战/核战/细菌战等
trench/jungle/mountain etc warfare 堑壕战/丛林战/山地战等
guerrilla warfare (=fighting by small groups of fighters in mountains, forests etc) 游击战
► see thesaurus at war
2  FIGHT FOR OR AGAINST somethinga continuous and often violent struggle or argument between different groups 不同集团之间的〕斗争，冲突
class/gang/internecine etc warfare
 the problems of drugs and gang warfare
毒品和黑帮冲突问题
→ psychological warfare at psychological(3)
n COLLOCATIONS
ADJECTIVES/NOUN + warfare
chemical warfare (=using chemicals, for example poisonous gases, as weapons)
the consequences of America’s chemical warfare in Vietnam
biological/germ warfare (=using dangerous bacteria or illnesses as a weapon)
These bacteria might be used in biological warfare.
nuclear warfare
the appalling consequences of nuclear warfare.
conventional warfare (=not nuclear)
They had a stronger conventional warfare capability.
ground warfare (=fighting on the ground, rather than in the air or on the sea)
Ground warfare took a heavy toll in casualties.
trench warfare (=fighting from long holes dug into the ground)
There he experienced the full horrors of trench warfare.
jungle warfare
The Japanese had been trained in jungle warfare.
guerrilla warfare (=involving a small unofficial military group)
Sporadic fighting turned into full-scale guerrilla warfare.
naval warfare
The age of modern naval warfare was at hand.
verbs
wage warfare
Rebels waged guerrilla warfare against the occupying army.
engage in warfare
The country did not want to engage in warfare.
Examples from the Corpus
warfare• Many people believe that what happened in 1940 was a British chemical warfare experiment that went wrong.• a secret underground chemical warfare plant• The rebels aimed to overthrow the government through protracted guerrilla warfare.• As in human warfare, chemical defences are essentially deterrents rather than everyday weapons.• the history of modern warfare• It quickly made Hanoi the most heavily bombed city in the history of warfare.
guerrilla warfare• The directive did not yet call for guerrilla warfare.• Detailed plans for Operation Mayibuye, an outline for guerrilla warfare and foreign intervention, were revealed.• I was in the jungle now and developing a taste for guerrilla warfare.• Their strategy seems to be widespread but low- level guerrilla warfare to discredit and destabilise the Phnom Penh government.• They also collected some weapons recovered from parishioners and - more important in this mounted guerrilla warfare - they collected several saddles.• She did not notice that we had left the age of guerrilla warfare.• He has studied the art of guerrilla warfare, he's read Mao.• New Delhi need do no more than keep Kashmir under military occupation and keep the lid on guerrilla warfare.
class/gang/internecine etc warfare• Then in 1967 he stumbled on the bizarre internecine warfare of the genes that we shall meet in chapter 4.• As you see, the perfect recipe for gang warfare.• It is engaged in internecine warfare over the general provision of indemnity insurance for investors.• Dexter's interest lies not in gang warfare, but in the character of Peter Flood.• By 2015, bitter enmities played themselves out in gang warfare, narcotics traffic, and addiction.• He accuses Boxer and others who are trying to outlaw his handguns of waging a kind of class warfare.• The gang warfare ripping through the shanties is fuelled by what has replaced politics after Aristide: prostitution, drugs and ritual.• This was gang warfare of a thoroughly nasty kind.
Origin warfare
(1400-1500) war + fare “going, journey”
war·fare noun →n COLLOCATIONS1
LDOCE Online
Chinese
Syllable
Corpus
TOEFL BNC: 6384 COCA: 5066
warfare

noun

ADJECTIVE | VERB + WARFARE | PREPOSITION ADJECTIVE➤open公開的衝突◇Rivalry between football fans developed into open warfare.足球迷之間的對抗升級為公開的衝突。➤conventional, modern常規／現代戰爭▸➤biological, chemical, germ, nuclear生物戰；化學戰；細菌戰；核戰▸➤class, gang, internecine, tribal階級鬥爭；幫派爭鬥；內戰；部落衝突▸➤guerrilla, siege, trench游擊戰；圍攻戰；塹壕戰▸➤aerial, air, naval, submarine空戰；海戰；潛艇戰➤asymmetric, asymmetrical不對稱戰爭◇Terrorism is a response to asymmetric warfare.恐怖主義是對不對稱戰爭的一種回應。➤jungle, mountain, urban叢林戰；山地戰；城市戰▸➤economic, ideological, psychological經濟戰；思想戰；心理戰◇a subtle form of psychological warfare一種巧妙的心理戰VERB + WARFARE➤conduct, engage in, wage進行／參加／發動戰爭◇The rebels waged guerrilla warfare against the army.叛亂分子對軍隊發動了游擊戰。PREPOSITION➤warfare against對⋯的戰爭◇warfare against other tribes反對其他部落的戰爭➤warfare between⋯之間的戰爭◇warfare between gangs幫派間的衝突
TOEFL BNC: 6384 COCA: 5066
warfare noun
⇨ war
TOEFL BNC: 6384 COCA: 5066
warfare
Wars, battles and military manoeuvres: drawdown, overwatch, war...
Arguments: argument, disagreement, conflict...

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