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IELTS BNC: 278 COCA: 287

law

Word family 
Related topics: Law
law /lɔː $ lɒː/ ●●● S1 W1 noun   → lore
1  system of rules 规则体系 [uncountableU] (also the law)LAW the whole system of rules that people in a particular country or area must obey 法律(体系)
 Elected officials ought to obey the law.
民选官员理应遵守法律。
by law
 By law, seat belts must be worn by all passengers.
按照法律规定，所有乘客都必须系安全带。
under English/international etc law
 This is illegal under English law.
这违反了英国法律。
2  a rule 规则 [countableC]RULE/REGULATION a rule that people in a particular country or area must obey 法则，法令
 laws passed by Parliament
议会通过的法律
under a law
 Five people arrested under anti-terrorism laws were released without charge.
五名涉嫌违反反恐法被捕的人无罪获释。
law on
 European laws on equal opportunities
欧洲的均等机会法
law against
 The laws against drug use were very strict.
打击吸毒的法律十分严厉。
► see thesaurus at rule
3  law and order SCCONTROLa situation in which people respect the law, and crime is controlled by the police, the prison system etc 治安，法治
 We are concerned about the breakdown of law and order in the country.
我们为国家治安陷入瘫痪而担忧。
Examples from the Corpus
law and order• It arises from the need to maintain law and order.• Neighborhood leaders are working with police to maintain law and order.• Indeed, it would represent a complete breakdown, not just of law and order, but of all civilised values.• I have tried to show the real gap between Labour and the Conservative party and Government on matters of law and order.• His party claims to be the party of law and order, the family, back to basics.• The hon. Gentleman again raised the question of law and order.• Sentencing policies, as a result of law and order campaigns mean the prisoners are younger and more likely to be black.• Periodic law and order - it's elementary!• The new government is gradually restoring law and order.• My hon. and learned Friend will be glad to welcome the 16.7 percent. increase for the law and order programme.
4  POLICE 警察the law SCPthe police 警方，警察
 I think she may be in trouble with the law.
我想她可能惹上警察了。
Examples from the Corpus
the law• He's in trouble with the law again.
5  NORMALwhat always happens 总是发生的事 [countableC] something that always happens in nature or society, or a statement that describes this 规律，定律
law of
 the law of supply and demand
供求定律
 the laws of nature
自然规律
 the law of gravity
万有引力定律
6  study/profession 学业/职业 [uncountableU] (also the law) law as a subject of study, or the profession of being a lawyer 法学；律师职业
 She’s studying law in London.
她在伦敦攻读法律。
7  sport/activity 体育/活动 [countableC]RULE/REGULATION one of the rules which controls a sport or activity 运动规则
 the laws of football
足球比赛规则
8  the law of the jungle 
a) COMPETE WITH/TRY TO BEATthe idea that people should only look after themselves and not care about other people if they want to succeed 想要成功，莫顾他人
b) COMPETE WITH/TRY TO BEATthe principle that only the strongest creatures will stay alive 丛林法则，弱肉强食法则，优胜劣汰原则
Examples from the Corpus
the law of the jungle• But it is better than the law of the jungle, where might equals right.
9  the law of averages HMSthe probability that one result will happen as often as another if you try something often enough 平均律，均值定理
 The law of averages says we’ll win at least once.
从平均律来看，我们至少能赢一次。
Examples from the Corpus
the law of averages• The law of averages says we're due for a win.• Basically, if you believe the law of averages, 1996 should be a year for mutual funds to cool their heels.• By the law of averages, one such application must finally succeed.
10  be a law unto himself/herself etc INDEPENDENT PERSONto behave in an independent way and not worry about the usual rules of behaviour or what other people do or think 我行我素，自行其是
 Boys his age are a law unto themselves.
他这个年龄的男孩都是我行我素。
Examples from the Corpus
be a law unto himself/herself etc• She was a law unto herself and did what she wanted to do.
11  take the law into your own hands PUNISHto do something illegal in order to put right something that you think is not fair, for example by violently punishing someone instead of telling the police 不通过法律擅自处理，用私刑处罚
 vigilantes who take the law into their own hands
擅自执法的治安会成员
Examples from the Corpus
take the law into your own hands• Citizens should not be expected to take the law into their own hands.
12  go to law TRIALto go to court in order to settle a problem 诉诸法律，提起诉讼
Examples from the Corpus
go to law• Indeed, they are going to law school, too.• So the museum has gone to law to get the pictures back.• When I go to law schools to speak, I recognize them immediately.• I might go to law school next year, and I wanted to find out if I liked it.• Well, what else could I do with a history and humanities interest outside of teach or go to law school?• Merrill plans to work for a year, perhaps abroad, and then go to law school.• So we've been left with no other avenue but to go to law.• At the time, she was intending to go to law school with a view to taking over her father's law firm.
13  be above the law someone who is above the law does not have to obey the law 凌驾于法律之上
Examples from the Corpus
be above the law• Judges declare Jockey Club is above the law.• County Administrator Wang thought he was above the law.• The great judge Lord Denning in a historic judgment once said that no one, however mighty, was above the law.• But Democrats applauded, generally taking the pious view that the White House can never be above the law.• A young man died, and nobody is above the law.• One of the negative reminders of Watergate is that the highest officials of government often are above the law.
14. there’s no law against something spokenLEGAL used to tell someone who is criticizing you that you are not doing anything wrong 某事又不犯法〔受到批评时说的话〕
15  there ought to be a law against something spoken used to say that you do not think something should be accepted or allowed 必须禁止做某事
16. somebody’s word is law used to say that someone is always obeyed without argument 某人的话就是法律
→ Sod's law, → lay down the law at lay, → unwritten law at unwritten
 COLLOCATIONS – Meanings 1 & 2
verbs
obey the law 遵守法律
Citizens have a duty to obey the law.
公民有义务遵守法律。
break the law (=do something illegal) 违反法律
Is the company breaking the law?
这家公司违反法律了吗？
pass a law 通过法律
New Jersey passed a law requiring helmets for scooter riders.
新泽西通过一项法律，规定骑行低座小摩托车的人必须戴好头盔。
become law (=officially be made a law) 成为法律
For a bill to become law, it must be approved by both Houses of Parliament.
法案经议会两院通过之后才能成为法律。
make laws 制定法律
nPart of the function of Parliament is to make laws.
introduce a law 推行法律
nIn 1989, a new law was introduced to protect the Polish language.
enforce a law (=make people obey a law) 执行法律
nIt is the job of the police to enforce the law.
flout a law (=deliberately disobey a law) 藐视法律
nEmployers who flout the law should be properly punished.
repeal a law (=officially end a law) 废除法律
nMany people want the law to be repealed.
a law prohibits something (=says that it is not allowed) 法律禁止某事
nThe law prohibits possession of these animals.
phrases
something is against the law (=it is illegal) 某事违法
The children knew that shoplifting was against the law.
这些孩子知道在商店行窃是违法的。
stay/act within the law (=not do illegal things) 依法，守法
The security forces must act within the law.
安全部队必须依法行动。
ADJECTIVES/NOUN + law
strict/tough 严厉的/强硬的
the country’s strict anti-tobacco laws
该国严厉的禁烟法规
tax/copyright/divorce etc law(s) 税法/版权法/离婚法等
an accountant who knows about tax law
熟悉税法的会计师
criminal law (=laws concerning crimes) 刑法
nCriminal law contains definitions of such crimes as murder, rape, and robbery.
civil law (=laws concerning disagreements between people, rather than crimes) 民法
nThe punishment for breaking civil law is usually a fine.
international law (=laws that all countries agree to obey) 国际法
nUnder international law, the countries must respect the treaty.
English/German etc law 英国/德国等法律
This is not an offence under English law.
这违反了英国法律。
federal law (=the law of the US, not a particular state) 联邦法律
nUnder federal law, it is illegal to discriminate against employees because of race or sex.
state law (=the law in a US state) 州法律
nUnder state law it was illegal for any public official to receive gifts worth more than $100.
common law (=laws that have come from customs and the decisions of judges) 习惯法，普通法
nIn common law, if a house is rented out, it is expected that the house is safe to live in.
case law (=law based on previous court cases) 判例法，案例法
nThere is little case law covering this issue.
Examples from the Corpus
law• By law, an advertiser can't use a person's name for commercial purposes without permission.• the economic law of supply and demand• In 1873 French law was imposed in Vietnam.• Both specific and general laws on child prostitution exist.• The current gun laws vary from state to state.• Refugees are accorded special protection under international law• Under the new law, anyone who assists in a suicide faces 10 years in prison.• tough new laws on immigration• She practices law in New York.• The soldiers were brought in to restore law and order after the riots.• Japan has very strict laws against guns and drugs.• Andrew is studying law at Harvard University.• It's against the law to be drunk in public.• I didn't realize I was breaking the law.• FIFA is the organization that runs world football and decides whether any of the laws should be changed.• The law defines drunkenness as a certain percentage of alcohol in the blood.• the law of gravity• the laws of cricket• This law makes it illegal to smoke in public places.
under a law• The Mosser and Murray deaths qualify for the federal death penalty under a law passed in August 1994.• The offence was still not covered by any effective punishment under law.• So the child may still have no redress under law.• Revival under Law, 1911-1914 Few contemporaries would have expected Balfour's retirement to lead to a Unionist recovery.• Second, it would ensure that workers enjoyed positive rights under law and reduce the emphasis of union immunities.• Do you feel the tradition of citizenship and the tradition of parliamentary rule under law are incompatible?• So under Law the language of the boardroom became commonplace on the platforms and in the propaganda of the party.
From Longman Business Dictionary
lawlaw /lɔːlɒː/ noun
1[singular, uncountableU]LAW the whole system of rules that citizens of a country must obey
It is against the law (=illegal) for children to work before they are fifteen.
There were easy profits for businessmen who were prepared to break the law (=do something illegal).
The inheritance tax changes announced in the Budget became law (=were officially made a law).
By law (=according to the law) a company like British Gas has to hold a meeting of its shareholders once a year.
They make tough business deals, but are always careful to operate within the law (=do only legal things).
→ case law → civil law → commercial law → common law → company law → criminal law → international law → labour law → private law → public law → statute law → substantive law
2[countableC]LAW a rule that people in a particular country, city, or local area must obey
a new state law, limiting insurance companies’ junk-bond holdings to 20% of assets
law on
laws on the distribution of tobacco products
→ see also bylaw
→ blue laws → blue-sky laws
3rule of lawLAW when the people in a country obey the laws
The state was too weak to impose the rule of law.
4[uncountableU]LAW the study of laws, or the profession of being a lawyer
Peter is a law student.
Jackson studied law at Oxford University.
She’s a partner in a major New York law firm.
5[countableC] a way in which things happen in an activity such as business, which is thought of as a rule because it seems impossible to change
the law of supply and demand
→ see also Pareto's Law
Origin law
Old English lagu
law noun
→10-16

→COLLOCATIONS1
LDOCE Online
Chinese
Corpus

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