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IELTS BNC: 596 COCA: 918

theory

Word family 
Related topics: Hard science, Politics
theo·ry /ˈθɪəri $ ˈθiːəri/ ●●● S2 W1 AWL noun (plural theories)  
1  [countableC]HPIDEA an idea or set of ideas that is intended to explain something about life or the world, especially an idea that has not yet been proved to be true 〔尤指尚未得到证实的〕学说，理论 → theoretical
theory about/on
 different theories about how the brain works
关于大脑如何运作的各种学说
theory of
 Darwin’s theory of evolution
达尔文的进化论
theory that
 the theory that light is made up of waves
光是由波组成的理论
2  [uncountableU]HIDEA general principles and ideas about a subject 〔某一学科的〕理论
 Freudian theory has had a great influence on psychology.
弗洛伊德理论对心理学产生过巨大影响。
political/economic/literary etc theory
 I’m taking a course on political theory.
我正在修习政治理论课程。
3  in theory UNTRUEsomething that is true in theory is supposed to be true, but might not really be true or might not be what will really happen 理论上，从理论上来说 OPP in practice
 In theory, everyone will have to pay the new tax.
从理论上讲，每个人都得缴纳这项新税。
Examples from the Corpus
in theory• In theory, more competition means lower prices for consumers.
4  [countableC]IDEA an idea or opinion that someone thinks is true but for which they have no proof 猜想；假设
theory that
 Detectives are working on a theory that he knew his murderer.
侦探们的调查基于一个猜想，即死者认识凶手。
 COLLOCATIONS
verbs
come up with/develop a theory 提出理论
These birds helped Darwin develop his theory of natural selection.
这些鸟雀帮助达尔文提出了物竞天择的理论。
test a theory 测试理论
Researchers gave workers a questionnaire to test that theory.
研究人员向工人分发问卷测试那个理论。
prove a theory 证明理论
No evidence emerged to prove either theory.
尚未有证据出现能证明这两种理论。
support a theory 支持理论
Modern research strongly supports this theory.
当代研究强有力地支持了这个理论。
disprove a theory (also refute a theory formal) (=show that it is wrong) 反驳理论
nLater experiments seemed to disprove the theory.
discredit a theory (=make people stop believing in it) 质疑理论
nThese latest findings discredit his entire theory.
ADJECTIVES/NOUN + theory
a scientific theory 科学理论
Scientific theories can be tested experimentally.
科学理论可经实验验证。
an economic theory 经济理论
His economic theory assumes that both labour and capital are perfectly mobile.
他的经济理论假设劳动力和资金都是完全流动的。
a conspiracy theory (=a theory that an event was the result of secret plan made by two or more people) 阴谋论
n A variety of conspiracy theories question the official account of President Kennedy’s assassination.
a pet theory (=a personal theory that you strongly believe) 〔某人〕最认同的理论
nEach of them had his pet theory on what had caused the uprising.
phrases
the theory of evolution/relativity etc 进化论/相对论等
According to the theory of relativity, nothing can travel faster than light.
根据相对论，没有哪种物体运动速度可以超过光速。
Examples from the Corpus
theory• There's a theory that Kennedy was killed by the CIA.• music theory• It's my theory that the murderer knew his victim quite well.• A hypothesis should be related to a body of theory.• There have been a lot of theories about the meaning of dreams.• This is so: but the take-off theory over-simplifies the real process.• Atkin taught political theory at Hunter College.• Darwin's Theory of Evolution• Einstein's theory of relativity• Several theories of planetary formation include the possibility of disturbance to axial spins during the late stages of formation of a planet.• For it is very difficult to specify just how falsifiable a single theory is.• That Leeds was working within the constraints of this theory as early as 1912 is often overlooked.• This theory helps to explain how animals communicate with each other.
theory that• Whether they all cancel out to give a theory that is finite without any infinite subtractions is not yet known.• I have a theory that it only rains when I wash my car.• Only a theory that is completely certain should be allowed to undermine this moral sense.• It takes a special strength of character to spend decades doggedly pursuing a theory that attracts harsh opposition.• The high core temperatures could also be used to support a theory that became fashionable among geophysicists during the l980s.• We don't yet have a complete and consistent theory that combines quantum mechanics and gravity.• New evidence supports the theory that the dinosaurs were wiped out by an asteroid.• We go along with the theory that younger listeners will identify themselves with the group Cancer.• The theory that had wrongly been supposed is that boiling water is hot enough to make tea.• Nevertheless, there can be low-energy predictions of the grand unified theories that might be testable in the laboratory.
political/economic/literary etc theory• At this point, economists and economic theory have entered the game.• The ultimate determinants of real investment, whether by foreign or domestic firms, remain a contentious issue in economic theory.• Our basic conceptions of political theory are against this approach.• This tension between economic arithmetic and the prescriptions of economic theory shows up in the discussion that follows.• Despite what standard economic theory tells us about the impact of this proposition, the temptation to support it is great.• Therefore, he devoted more of his time to philosophy and to educating Mexander the Great than he did to economic theory.• Everyone knows that, or at least everyone who has read his or her beginner's guide to literary theory.
theory that• Whether they all cancel out to give a theory that is finite without any infinite subtractions is not yet known.• Only a theory that is completely certain should be allowed to undermine this moral sense.• It takes a special strength of character to spend decades doggedly pursuing a theory that attracts harsh opposition.• The high core temperatures could also be used to support a theory that became fashionable among geophysicists during the l980s.• We don't yet have a complete and consistent theory that combines quantum mechanics and gravity.• We go along with the theory that younger listeners will identify themselves with the group Cancer.• The theory that had wrongly been supposed is that boiling water is hot enough to make tea.• Nevertheless, there can be low-energy predictions of the grand unified theories that might be testable in the laboratory.
From Longman Business Dictionary
theorytheo·ry /ˈθɪəriˈθiːəri/ noun (plural theories)
1[countableC] an idea or set of ideas that is intended to explain why something happens or how it works
theory of
The book is called ‘An Evolutionary Theory of Economic Change’.
The theory is that a healthy employee is cheaper and more productive.
2[uncountableU] the general principles or ideas of a subject
They found that theory and practice are two different things (=things do not always happen according to the theory).
→ content theory → economic theory → Elliott wave theory → employment theory → game theory → monetary theory → price theory → queuing theory → see also Cost of Production Theory of Value
Origin theory
(1500-1600) Late Latin theoria, from Greek, from theorein “to look at”
theo·ry noun →COLLOCATIONS1
LDOCE Online
Chinese
Syllable
Corpus
IELTS BNC: 596 COCA: 918
theory

noun

ADJECTIVE | ... OF THEORIES | VERB + THEORY | THEORY + VERB | PREPOSITION | PHRASES ADJECTIVE➤complete, unified完整的／統一的理論◇a grand unified theory of the physical forces governing matter控制物質的各種物理作用力的大統一理論➤general一般理論▸➤coherent連貫理論▸➤current, modern, new當前理論；現代理論；新理論▸➤classical經典理論◇Keynes misinterpreted the classical theory of interest.凱恩斯曲解了古典利息論。➤pet喜愛的理論◇One of her pet theories is that people who restrict their calorie intake live longer.她中意的論調之一就是限制熱量攝入的人更長命。➤alternative, conflicting替代／相互矛盾的理論▸➤abstract抽象的理論◇His comments are just abstract theory and show little understanding of the realities of the situation.他的意見只是抽象的理論，對實際情況幾乎毫無瞭解。➤economic, legal, linguistic, literary, political, scientific, social, etc.經濟學、法律、語言學、文學、政治學、科學、社會學等理論▸➤critical批判性理論▸➤feminist, Marxist, postmodern, structuralist, etc.女權主義、馬克思主義、後現代派、結構主義等理論◇Current feminist theory consists of several different trends.當前的女權主義理論有好幾種不同的走向。◇the dominant strand of postmodern theory後現代理論的主流➤chaos, evolutionary, game, number, probability, quantum, string, etc.混沌理論、進化論、博弈論、數論、概率論、量子理論、弦理論等▸➤conspiracy陰謀論◇a conspiracy theory about the princess's death關於王妃之死的陰謀論... OF THEORIES➤set一套理論◇Each school has its own set of theories.每一個學派都有自己的一套理論。VERB + THEORY➤have, hold有理論；持有理論▸➤advance, develop, formulate, present, produce, propose, put forward提出理論；發展學說；創立理論▸➤work on根據推測工作◇Police are working on the theory that the murderer was known to the family.警方的工作基於一種猜測，即兇手是那家人的熟人。➤refute, reject反駁／駁斥學說▸➤accept接受理論▸➤confirm, prove, support證實／證明／支持理論▸➤disprove證明理論錯誤▸➤challenge, test挑戰／檢驗學說▸➤apply, use應用／使用理論THEORY + VERB➤hold sth, suggest sth理論認為⋯／表明⋯▸➤explain sth, predict sth理論解釋⋯／預測⋯▸➤be based on sth理論基於⋯PREPOSITION➤in theory理論上◇In theory, these machines should last for ten years.理論上，這些機器應該能用 10 年。➤theory about關於⋯的理論◇He has a theory about why dogs walk in circles before going to sleep.他有一種理論解釋狗在睡覺之前為什麼要走幾圈兒。PHRASES➤put (the) theory into practice, theory and practice把理論運用到實踐中；理論與實踐◇the distinction / relationship between theory and practice理論與實踐的區別／關係
IELTS BNC: 596 COCA: 918
theory noun
⇨ theory 1 (the theory of relativity) ⇨ theory 2 (I have this theory that…)theory1

noun

 the theory of relativity 相对论I have this theory that... 依我看⋯theory ♦︎ principle ♦︎ law ♦︎ rule ♦︎ theoremThese are all words for an idea or set of ideas that explains why sth happens or why sth exists. 这些词均表示学说、理论、原理。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆a theory / law / rule / theorem about sth◆the theory / principle behind sth◆in theory / principle◆the theory / principle / law / rule / theorem that...◆a basic / fundamental theory / principle / law / rule / theorem◆a mathematical theory / principle / law / rule / theorem◆a scientific theory / principle / law / rule◆to prove a theory / principle / law / rule / theorem◆to define a law / rule◆to apply a theory / principle◆a theory / principle / law / rule / theorem states that...■ theory [countable, uncountable] a formal set of ideas that is intended to explain why sth happens or exists; the ideas on which a particular subject is based 学说；理论◆There are conflicting theories as to the very early origins of mankind.关于人类最早的起源有些相互矛盾的理论。◆According to Einstein's theory of relativity, nothing can travel faster than light.根据爱因斯坦的相对论，任何东西都无法超越光速。◆He wrote a number of books on political theory.他撰写了几本政治理论方面的书。◆In theory, all children get an equal chance at school.从理论上讲，所有孩子在学校都能获得平等的机会。  see also theoretical ⇨ intellectual 1 ■ principle [countable, uncountable] an idea or theory that sth is based on; a general or scientific idea that explains how sth works or why sth happens 法则；原则；原理；定律◆The principle behind it is very simple.这背后的原理很简单。◆We must get back to first principles (= the basic principles of sth).我们必须回到根本原则上来。◆It is based on the principle that heat rises.这是基于热气上升的定律。◆A tidal current turbine is similar in principle to a windmill.潮流涡轮机从原理上和风车相似。  see also principle ⇨ principle 2 ■ law [countable] the fact that sth always happens in the same way in an activity or in nature; a scientific statement made by sb that explains a natural process 规律；法则；原理；定律◆The usual laws of supply and demand do not seem to apply in this case.一般的供求规律似乎不适用于这种情况。◆Do you remember anything about Ohm's Law?你还记得欧姆定律吗？  see also law ⇨ principle 2 ■ rule [countable] a statement of what is possible according to a particular system, for example the grammar of a language 规则；法则◆He's a writer who doesn't seem to know the most basic rules of English grammar.他这个作家似乎连最基本的英语语法规则都不知道。  see also rule ⇨ principle 2 ■ theorem ˈθɪərəm; NAmE ˈθiːərəm, ˈθɪrəm [countable] (technical 术语) a rule or principle, especially in mathematics, that can be proved to be true （尤指数学）定理◆Work out the answer using Pythagoras's Theorem.运用毕达哥拉斯定理算出答案。theory2

noun

 the theory of relativity 相对论I have this theory that... 依我看⋯theory ♦︎ hypothesis ♦︎ premise ♦︎ thesis ♦︎ propositionThese are all words for an idea that sb believes but that has not yet been proved, especially one used as the basis for another idea or proposal. 这些词均表示假说、假设，尤指可用作其他观点或提议基础的假定。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆a theory / hypothesis / thesis / proposition about sth◆a theory / hypothesis / thesis on sth◆a theory / hypothesis / premise / thesis / proposition that...◆to have a theory / hypothesis / premise / thesis◆to formulate a theory / hypothesis / thesis◆to support a theory / hypothesis / premise / thesis / proposition◆to test a theory / hypothesis / premise / proposition◆to prove a theory / hypothesis / thesis / proposition◆to be based on a theory / hypothesis / premise / thesis / proposition◆a theory / hypothesis / premise / thesis / proposition is based on sth■ theory [countable, uncountable] an opinion or idea that sb believes is true but that has not been proved （未经证明的）意见，看法；推测◆I have this theory that most people prefer being at work to being at home.依我看，多数人喜欢工作而不愿待在家里。◆This is all theory so far...you'll need to back it up with facts.到目前为止，这都是推测，你需要用事实来印证。■ hypothesis haɪˈpɒθəsɪs; NAmE haɪˈpɑːθəsɪs(plural hypotheseshaɪˈpɒθəsiːz; NAmE haɪˈpɑːθəsiːz) [countable] (rather formal) an idea or explanation of sth that is based on some known facts but has not yet been proved to be true or correct （有一定事实依据但未被证实的）假说，假设◆His hypothesis about what dreams mean provoked a lot of debate.他关于释梦的假说激起很多争论。◆This economic model is really a working hypothesis (= sth that people are using as if it were true or correct but which may yet be proved wrong).这个经济模型实际上是一个暂定的假说，以便展开分析。  see also hypothetical ⇨ supposed ■ premise ˈpremɪs [countable] (formal) a statement or idea that forms the basis for a reasonable theory 前提；假定◆The basic premise of this argument is deeply flawed.这一论据的基本前提有很大缺陷。◆The argument rests on a false premise.这个论点是以错误的前提为基础的。■ thesis ˈθiːsɪs (plural theses ˈθiːsiːz ) [countable] (rather formal) a statement or opinion that is discussed in a logical way and presented with evidence to prove that it is true 命题；论题◆The basic thesis of the book is fairly simple.这本书的基本观点相当简单。  see also thesis ⇨ paper ■ proposition ˌprɒpəˈzɪʃn; NAmE ˌprɑːpəˈzɪʃn [countable] (formal) a statement that expresses an opinion, especially one used as the basis of an argument （尤指作为论证基础的）命题，主张，观点◆Her argument is based on the proposition that power corrupts.她的论证是建立在权力使人堕落的观点上。
IELTS BNC: 596 COCA: 918
theory
Explanations and explaining: explanation, interpretation, instructions...
Thoughts, ideas and beliefs: thought, idea, belief...
Theories and sets of beliefs: theory, culture, philosophy...

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