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IELTS BNC: 596 COCA: 918

theory

Word family 
Related topics: Hard science, Politics
theo·ry /ˈθɪəri $ ˈθiːəri/ ●●● S2 W1 AWL noun (plural theories)  
1  [countableC]HPIDEA an idea or set of ideas that is intended to explain something about life or the world, especially an idea that has not yet been proved to be true 〔尤指尚未得到证实的〕学说，理论 → theoretical
theory about/on
 different theories about how the brain works
关于大脑如何运作的各种学说
theory of
 Darwin’s theory of evolution
达尔文的进化论
theory that
 the theory that light is made up of waves
光是由波组成的理论
2  [uncountableU]HIDEA general principles and ideas about a subject 〔某一学科的〕理论
 Freudian theory has had a great influence on psychology.
弗洛伊德理论对心理学产生过巨大影响。
political/economic/literary etc theory
 I’m taking a course on political theory.
我正在修习政治理论课程。
3  in theory UNTRUEsomething that is true in theory is supposed to be true, but might not really be true or might not be what will really happen 理论上，从理论上来说 OPP in practice
 In theory, everyone will have to pay the new tax.
从理论上讲，每个人都得缴纳这项新税。
Examples from the Corpus
in theory• In theory, more competition means lower prices for consumers.
4  [countableC]IDEA an idea or opinion that someone thinks is true but for which they have no proof 猜想；假设
theory that
 Detectives are working on a theory that he knew his murderer.
侦探们的调查基于一个猜想，即死者认识凶手。
 COLLOCATIONS
verbs
come up with/develop a theory 提出理论
These birds helped Darwin develop his theory of natural selection.
这些鸟雀帮助达尔文提出了物竞天择的理论。
test a theory 测试理论
Researchers gave workers a questionnaire to test that theory.
研究人员向工人分发问卷测试那个理论。
prove a theory 证明理论
No evidence emerged to prove either theory.
尚未有证据出现能证明这两种理论。
support a theory 支持理论
Modern research strongly supports this theory.
当代研究强有力地支持了这个理论。
disprove a theory (also refute a theory formal) (=show that it is wrong) 反驳理论
nLater experiments seemed to disprove the theory.
discredit a theory (=make people stop believing in it) 质疑理论
nThese latest findings discredit his entire theory.
ADJECTIVES/NOUN + theory
a scientific theory 科学理论
Scientific theories can be tested experimentally.
科学理论可经实验验证。
an economic theory 经济理论
His economic theory assumes that both labour and capital are perfectly mobile.
他的经济理论假设劳动力和资金都是完全流动的。
a conspiracy theory (=a theory that an event was the result of secret plan made by two or more people) 阴谋论
n A variety of conspiracy theories question the official account of President Kennedy’s assassination.
a pet theory (=a personal theory that you strongly believe) 〔某人〕最认同的理论
nEach of them had his pet theory on what had caused the uprising.
phrases
the theory of evolution/relativity etc 进化论/相对论等
According to the theory of relativity, nothing can travel faster than light.
根据相对论，没有哪种物体运动速度可以超过光速。
Examples from the Corpus
theory• There's a theory that Kennedy was killed by the CIA.• music theory• It's my theory that the murderer knew his victim quite well.• A hypothesis should be related to a body of theory.• There have been a lot of theories about the meaning of dreams.• This is so: but the take-off theory over-simplifies the real process.• Atkin taught political theory at Hunter College.• Darwin's Theory of Evolution• Einstein's theory of relativity• Several theories of planetary formation include the possibility of disturbance to axial spins during the late stages of formation of a planet.• For it is very difficult to specify just how falsifiable a single theory is.• That Leeds was working within the constraints of this theory as early as 1912 is often overlooked.• This theory helps to explain how animals communicate with each other.
theory that• Whether they all cancel out to give a theory that is finite without any infinite subtractions is not yet known.• I have a theory that it only rains when I wash my car.• Only a theory that is completely certain should be allowed to undermine this moral sense.• It takes a special strength of character to spend decades doggedly pursuing a theory that attracts harsh opposition.• The high core temperatures could also be used to support a theory that became fashionable among geophysicists during the l980s.• We don't yet have a complete and consistent theory that combines quantum mechanics and gravity.• New evidence supports the theory that the dinosaurs were wiped out by an asteroid.• We go along with the theory that younger listeners will identify themselves with the group Cancer.• The theory that had wrongly been supposed is that boiling water is hot enough to make tea.• Nevertheless, there can be low-energy predictions of the grand unified theories that might be testable in the laboratory.
political/economic/literary etc theory• At this point, economists and economic theory have entered the game.• The ultimate determinants of real investment, whether by foreign or domestic firms, remain a contentious issue in economic theory.• Our basic conceptions of political theory are against this approach.• This tension between economic arithmetic and the prescriptions of economic theory shows up in the discussion that follows.• Despite what standard economic theory tells us about the impact of this proposition, the temptation to support it is great.• Therefore, he devoted more of his time to philosophy and to educating Mexander the Great than he did to economic theory.• Everyone knows that, or at least everyone who has read his or her beginner's guide to literary theory.
theory that• Whether they all cancel out to give a theory that is finite without any infinite subtractions is not yet known.• Only a theory that is completely certain should be allowed to undermine this moral sense.• It takes a special strength of character to spend decades doggedly pursuing a theory that attracts harsh opposition.• The high core temperatures could also be used to support a theory that became fashionable among geophysicists during the l980s.• We don't yet have a complete and consistent theory that combines quantum mechanics and gravity.• We go along with the theory that younger listeners will identify themselves with the group Cancer.• The theory that had wrongly been supposed is that boiling water is hot enough to make tea.• Nevertheless, there can be low-energy predictions of the grand unified theories that might be testable in the laboratory.
From Longman Business Dictionary
theorytheo·ry /ˈθɪəriˈθiːəri/ noun (plural theories)
1[countableC] an idea or set of ideas that is intended to explain why something happens or how it works
theory of
The book is called ‘An Evolutionary Theory of Economic Change’.
The theory is that a healthy employee is cheaper and more productive.
2[uncountableU] the general principles or ideas of a subject
They found that theory and practice are two different things (=things do not always happen according to the theory).
→ content theory → economic theory → Elliott wave theory → employment theory → game theory → monetary theory → price theory → queuing theory → see also Cost of Production Theory of Value
Origin theory
(1500-1600) Late Latin theoria, from Greek, from theorein “to look at”
theo·ry noun →COLLOCATIONS1
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