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IELTS BNC: 124 COCA: 201

government

Word family 
Related topics: Government
gov·ern·ment /ˈɡʌvəmənt, ˈɡʌvənmənt $ ˈɡʌvərn-/ ●●● S2 W1 noun  
1  (also Government) [countableC usually singular]GOVERNMENT the group of people who govern a country or state 政府
 The Government are planning further cuts in public spending.
政府正计划进一步削减公共支出。
 The US government has tightened restrictions on firearms.
美国政府已经加强了对枪支的管制。
 Neither party had the majority necessary to form a government.
两个政党都没有获得组阁所必需的多数票。
under a government (=during the period of a government) 在某届政府的领导下
 Structural reforms are unlikely under the present government.
在本届政府执政期间不大可能进行结构改革。
n GRAMMAR: Singular or plural verb?
In this meaning, government is usually followed by a singular verb:
The government is planning to increase taxes.
In British English, you can also use a plural verb:
The government are planning to increase taxes.
2  [uncountableU]GOVERNMENT a form or system of government 政体，国家体制
 Most people in the country support the return to democratic government.
国内大多数人都支持恢复民主政体。
→ local government, central government
3  [uncountableU]GOVERNMENT the process or way of governing 治理，管理，统治
in government
 What would the opposition do if they were in government (=governing the country)?
如果反对党执政，他们会怎么做？
 the importance of good government in developing countries
治国有道在发展中国家的重要性
4  [uncountableU] American EnglishAmEGOVERNMENT the degree to which the government controls economic and social activities 政府掌控经济和社会活动的程度
 The protest march was really about big government (=when the government controls many activities).
这次抗议游行其实是针对大政府主义。
 COLLOCATIONS
ADJECTIVES/NOUN + government
the UK/French/Thai etc government 英国/法国/泰国等政府
The UK government has offered to send aid.
英国政府已表示会提供援助。
the Labour/Conservative/Social Democratic etc government 工党/保守党/社会民主党等政府
In August 1931, the Labour government collapsed.
1931年8月，工党政府倒台。
the Thatcher/Blair etc government 撒切尔/布莱尔等政府
nDid the Blair government do more for Africa than previous ones?
a coalition government (=government made up of members of more than one political party) 联合政府
nThe country has had a succession of weak coalition governments.
a minority government (=that does not have enough politicians to control parliament) 少数党政府
nHis party had gained only enough seats to form a minority government.
a left-wing/right-wing government 左翼/右翼政府
nThe new left-wing government restructured the economy.
central/national government (=that deals with national rather than local things) 中央政府
nFunding will continue to be available from central government for further education for adults.
federal government (=in the US, the government of the whole country rather than of the individual states) 〔美国〕联邦政府
nThe state, rather than the federal government, would have to pay the extra cost.
local/state/city government 地方/州/市政府
nThe interference in local government by central government is not just financial, but political.
government + NOUN
government spending 政府开支
Government spending on health care totals about $60 billion a year.
政府一年的医疗开支共约600亿美元。
a government minister 政府部长
A government minister said that there would be an inquiry.
一位政府部长称将进行调查。
a government official (=someone who works for a government in an official position) 政府官员
nHe had a meeting with French scientists and government officials.
a government body (also a government agency American EnglishAmE) (=an organization run by the government) 政府机构
nPatents are granted by the U.K. Patent Office, a government body.
a government department 政府部门
nthe government department responsible for policing
verbs
elect a government (=vote to choose a government) 选举政府
A new government was elected last October.
本届政府于去年10月选出。
form a government (=become the government) 组成政府
nThe party attained the majority of seats it needed to form a government.
bring down a government (=force it to lose power) 使政府倒台
nIt was a major scandal that nearly brought down the government.
 THESAURUS
government [countableC, uncountableU] the group of people who govern a country or the system they use to govern it 政府
The French government did not sign the agreement.
法国政府没有签署此项协定。
a democratic system of government
民主政体
administration [countableC] the government of a country, especially one such as the US, which is led by a president 政府〔尤指美国等由总统领导的政府〕
the Kennedy administration
肯尼迪政府
the problems left by the previous administration
前一届政府遗留下来的问题
regime [countableC] a government, especially one that was not elected fairly or that you disapprove of 〔未经公正选举产生的或者不被认可的〕政府,政权
Most people opposed the apartheid regime.
大多数人都反对这个实行种族隔离的专制政府。
nthe executive [singular] the part of the government that makes sure that laws and decisions work well
the separation of powers between the executive, the legislature, and the judiciary
democracy [countableC, uncountableU] a political system in which everyone can vote to choose the government, or a country that has this system 民主制度；民主国家
The transition to democracy has not been easy.
向民主制度的过渡并非易事。
In a democracy, people have freedom of speech.
在民主国家,人们享有言论自由。
republic [countableC] a country that has an elected government, and is led by a president, not a king or queen 共和国
Mauritius became a republic in 1992.
毛里求斯于1992年成为共和国。
monarchy [countableC, uncountableU] /ˈmɒnəki $ ˈmɑːnərki/ the system of having a king or queen as the head of state, or a country that has this system 君主政体,君主制；君主国
Some monarchies have elected governments.
有些君主制国家有民选政府。
controversy about the institution of monarchy
关于君主制度的争议
an undemocratic government 非民主政体
dictatorship [countableC, uncountableU] a political system or country that has a dictator (=a leader who has complete power and who has not been elected) 专制政体；独裁国家
Argentina was a military dictatorship until 1983.
1983年之前，阿根廷还是个军事专制国家。
Hungary’s years of dictatorship
匈牙利实行独裁统治的年代
totalitarian adjectiveadj [only before noun] used for describing countries in which ordinary people have no power and the government has complete control over everything 极权主义的
totalitarian states such as Nazi Germany
如纳粹德国之类的极权国家
a totalitarian dictatorship
极权的独裁政府
police state [countableC] a country where the government strictly controls people’s freedom, for example to travel or to talk about politics 警察国家，极权国家
It’s like living in a police state.
这就像生活在警察国家。
Examples from the Corpus
government• The Republicans were elected by campaigning against big government and high taxes.• It has been difficult for the central government to conduct elections in remote areas.• the city government of Los Angeles• After years of corrupt government, people are tired of politics.• The French government strongly condemned the killings.• the French government• Having a popular leader does not guarantee good government.• The voters just want good government and less taxes.• His blend of smears, half truths and downright lies ruined many careers in government and the professions.• Still others see the pro-bat requirement as just another example of federal encroachment on local government.• The local government has been unable to meet the demand for affordable housing.• In practice the actions of governments have been less high-minded: a fact the opposition is always quick to point out.• The newspaper, La Prensa, was shut down for nearly two years because of its criticism of government policies.• The current Liberal Party has no actual experience of government.• Almost everywhere the monarch was, and was expected to be, the moving force behind the machinery of government.• In public sector schools in the late 1980s, shortages of government funding were bringing pressures to charge fees.• The government even began legal proceedings against the survivors, indicting them for rebellion and damaging public property.• The government has promised to cut taxes.• The government said that Iceland has no plans to resume whaling.• Taxation is about all there is to government.• Unemployment is a problem that many Western governments continue to face.
under a government• They are the values which will help us complete the transformation of Britain, under a Government competent, decent and strong.• In 1954 wellhead gas prices also came under government control.• Utility companies, under government regulation, might do a better job of keeping the air clean.• Soon he was working there on digs under government auspices.• The individual under a government enjoys a certain measure of order and security.• It was charged with finding and ending racial discrimination in war industries under government contract.• Farmworkers fear for their future if the Board now under government review is scrapped.• The mine has since - with violent and fatal opposition - been placed under government control.
big government• Conservatives have protested against big government and federal spending.• The penalty imposed by big government for expansion in business is a growing burden of responsibility, paperwork and liability.• Most substantially, Rockefeller is attacked as an apostle of big government.• According to President Clinton, the era of big government is over.• The first is an overview of big government.• Mr Pinkerton brilliantly succeeds in convincing the reader that big government is an endangered species.• Clinton has an undeniable economic vision: bigger government.
From Longman Business Dictionary
governmentgov·ern·ment /ˈgʌvəmənt, ˈgʌvənməntˈgʌvərn-/ (also Government) noun [countableC]
the group of people responsible for running a country or state and making decisions about taxes, laws, public services etc
The Government is planning further cuts in public spending.
gov·ern·ment noun →n GRAMMAR1 →COLLOCATIONS1
→THESAURUS1
LDOCE Online
Chinese
Syllable
Corpus
IELTS BNC: 124 COCA: 201
government

noun¹

 1people in control of a country統治國家的人ADJECTIVE | VERB + GOVERNMENT | GOVERNMENT + VERB | GOVERNMENT + NOUN | PREPOSITION | PHRASES ADJECTIVE➤central, federal, local, national, provincial, regional, state中央政府；聯邦政府；地方政府；全國政府；省政府；區政府；州政府▸➤Conservative, Democratic, Labour, Republican, etc.保守黨、民主黨、工黨、共和黨等政府◇the country's new Communist government該國的共產黨新政府➤left-wing, right-wing左翼／右翼政府▸➤coalition聯合政府▸➤minority少數派政府◇The socialists won 42% of the seats and formed a minority government.社會黨贏得了 42% 的席位，組建了少數政府。➤caretaker, interim, provisional, transitional看守政府；臨時政府；過渡政府◇The president dissolved the assembly and swore in an interim government.總統解散了議會，宣佈成立臨時政府。➤military軍政府▸➤puppet傀儡政府▸➤foreign外國政府▸➤French, Western, etc.法國、西方等政府◇The report on world poverty calls for urgent action from Western governments.關於世界貧困狀況的報告呼籲西方政府採取緊急行動。➤current, future, new現政府；將來的政府；新政府VERB + GOVERNMENT➤elect選舉政府◇The present government was elected last year.現政府是去年選出的。➤establish, form建立／組建政府◇A new government was formed in September of that year.新政府是那年 9 月成立的。➤install使政府上任◇A puppet government was installed as the occupying forces withdrew.佔領軍撤退時安插了一個傀儡政府。➤swear in使政府宣誓就職▸➤head, run領導政府；執掌國務◇a new government headed by a former military leader由前軍隊首腦領導的新政府➤bring down, destabilize, oust, overthrow, topple使政府垮台；動搖政府；罷黜政府；推翻政府；顛覆政府◇This crisis could bring down the British government.這次危機可能會使英國現政府下台。◇The group aims to overthrow the military government.這個團體以推翻軍政府為目標。➤support支持政府GOVERNMENT + VERB➤come to power政府上台▸➤take office政府就任◇On May 23 a coalition government took office.5 月 23 日聯合政府就任。➤fall, resign政府垮台／辭職◇a national emergency that could cause the government to fall可能導致政府垮台的全國性緊急狀態➤announce sth政府宣佈⋯◇The government announced the cancellation of the dam project.政府宣佈取消大壩工程。➤introduce sth, launch sth政府實施⋯／啟動⋯GOVERNMENT + NOUN➤agency, body, department政府機構／機關／部門▸➤building, offices政府大樓／辦公樓▸➤funds, money政府基金／資金▸➤aid, assistance, backing, funding, grant, subsidy, support政府援助／扶助／支持／撥款／資助／津貼／扶持▸➤expenditure, spending政府開支▸➤cuts政府開支削減◇The hospital has been hit by government cuts.醫院受到政府削減開支的衝擊。➤control, regulation政府控制／調控▸➤intervention, involvement政府干涉／介入◇calls for government intervention in the dispute要求政府介入糾紛的呼籲➤employee, minister, official, representative, spokesman, spokesperson政府雇員／部長／官員／代表／發言人▸➤sources官方消息◇According to government sources, two people died in the incident.據官方報道，這起事件中有兩人死亡。➤figures, statistics政府數字；官方統計▸➤post政府公告▸➤reshuffle (especially BrE) 政府改組◇The former minister was relieved of his post in last month's extensive government reshuffle.在上個月的政府全面改組中，前任部長被解職了。➤decisions, legislation, measures, plans, policy, programme/program, proposals政府決議／立法／措施／計劃／政策／綱要／提案▸➤service公職；政府服務▸➤report政府報道▸➤propaganda政府宣傳PREPOSITION➤in government執政◇a problem facing whichever party is in government任何黨派執政均需面對的問題➤under a/the government在政府領導下◇measures that were introduced under the last government上屆政府採取的措施PHRASES➤a change in government, a change of government政府的更迭◇It is time we had a change of government.該是換個政府的時候了。➤the government of the day時任政府◇This was a decision taken by the government of the day.這一決定是當時的政府作出的。➤a member of a government政府成員◇The president has been meeting members of the French government.總統一直在會見法國政府官員。
government

noun²

 2act of governing管治ADJECTIVE➤democratic, representative民主統治；代議政體▸➤firm, good, strong嚴格的治理；完善的管理；強有力的管理◇We need strong government to take the country through this crisis.我們需要靠強有力的政府管理使國家渡過這次危機。➤weak無力的統治➤big, small大政府；小政府◇The era of big government may be over.大政府時代或許結束了。◇We believe in low taxation and small government.我們支持低稅收和小政府。
IELTS BNC: 124 COCA: 201
government noun
⇨ government 1 (the British government) ⇨ government 2 (strong government)government1

noun

 the British government 英国政府strong government 严厉的统治government ♦︎ administration ♦︎ regime ♦︎ cabinet ♦︎ reign ♦︎ parliament ♦︎ the executiveThese are all words for a group of people who govern a country or the period for which they govern. 这些词均表示政府、内阁或其任期。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆under a government / an administration / a regime / sb's reign◆the former / previous / current government / administration / regime◆the central / local / national government / administration◆a left-wing / right-wing / communist / fascist government / administration / regime◆a / an authoritarian / totalitarian / repressive / military / revolutionary government / regime◆to elect a government / an administration◆to form a government / an administration / a cabinet◆to bring down / overthrow a government / an administration / a regime◆a government / an administration / a regime comes to power◆a government / an administration takes office / is in office■ government [countable + singular or plural verb] ( often 常作 the government [singular]) the group of people who are responsible for controlling a country or state 政府；内阁◆The government has been considering further tax cuts.政府一直在考虑进一步减税的问题。◆She has resigned from the government.她已辞去内阁职位。◆The interests of the state should not be confused with the interests of the government of the day (= the people in government at a particular time).不应混淆国家利益和当时政府的利益。  see also govern ⇨ rule verb 1 ■ administration [countable + singular or plural verb] the government of a country; the period for which it governs 政府；政府的任期◆The current administration will remain in office until elections in November.现任政府仍将执政，直至11月的选举为止。◆He was Secretary of Education in Bush's first administration (= first period as president).他是布什政府第一任期的教育部长。NOTE 辨析 Government or administration? Administration is used especially about a government that is led by a president, and especially the US government. It usually refers to the government of a particular president or the period for which this lasts. * administration尤指总统领导的政府，尤其是美国政府，常指某总统领导的政府或其任期◆during / under the Reagan / Clinton / Bush Administration里根／克林顿／布什执政时期◆during/under the Reagan/Clinton/Bush government It is not usually used to refer to the institution or process of government which remains the same while presidents and administrations change. * administration通常不指政府机构或办事程序，因为机构或程序不随总统及政权的更迭而改变◆Approximately 2.7 million people are employed by the federal government.联邦政府雇用了大约2 700万人。◆employed by the federal administration In countries where the government is led by a prime minister, with more limited powers than a president－especially the United Kingdom－the word government is usually preferred. * government较常指首相领导的政府，尤其是英国政府。这些政府里，首相的权力比总统小◆the Thatcher / Major / Blair / Brown government撒切尔／梅杰／布莱尔／布朗政府◆government employees政府职员To use the word administration after the name of the prime minister can sometimes suggest disapproval of the prime minister for trying to act like a president. 在首相名字后使用administration有时具有贬义，暗指其欲像总统般行事。 ■ regime reɪˈʒiːm [countable] the government of a country, especially one that has not been elected in a fair way （尤指未通过公正选举的）政权，政体◆She was imprisoned because of her opposition to the regime.她因反对该政权而入狱。◆They are investigating human rights abuses under the previous military regime.他们正在调查前军事政权侵犯人权的情况。  see also leadership ⇨ management ■ cabinet ( Cabinet) ˈkæbɪnət [countable + singular or plural verb] a group of the most important government ministers, or advisers to a president, responsible for advising and deciding on government policy 内阁◆Several cabinet ministers have been implicated in the scandal.几个内阁部长卷入了丑闻之中。◆The issue was discussed at yesterday's cabinet meeting.昨天的内阁会议讨论了这个问题。◆She lost her position as Health Minister in a recent cabinet reshuffle (= change).在最近的内阁改组中，她丢掉了卫生部长的位子。◆He is a member of the Shadow Cabinet (= senior politicians of the party not in government).他是影子内阁的成员。■ reign reɪn [countable] the period during which a king, queen, emperor, etc. rules 君主统治时期◆The house was built during the reign of Henry VIII.那栋房子是亨利八世统治时期建造的。◆By the end of his reign, the vast empire was in decline.在他统治末期，庞大的帝国走向衰落。   see also reign ⇨ rule verb 1 ■ parliament [countable, uncountable] a period during which a parliament is working; parliament as it exists between one general election and the next 一届议会的任期；（两次大选之间的）一届议会◆We are now into the second half of the parliament.我们现已进入本届议会的后半任期。◆The prime minister unexpectedly dissolved parliament (= formally ended its activities) and called a general election.首相突然解散了议会并下令举行大选。◆The legislation is expected to be introduced early in the next session of parliament.那部法规预计会在议会的下次会期早些时候提交讨论。   see also parliament ⇨ assembly ■ the executive the part of a government responsible for putting laws into effect （政府的）行政部门◆The constitution calls for a separation of the powers of the executive, the legislature and the judiciary.宪法要求行政机关、立法机关和司法机关权力分离。   see also legislature ⇨ assembly government2

noun

 the British government 英国政府strong government 严厉的统治government ♦︎ management ♦︎ leadership ♦︎ regulation ♦︎ administration ♦︎ supervision ♦︎ directionThese are all words for the activity of running or controlling a business or organization, or of governing a country. 这些词均表示对企业、机构或国家的管理、管治。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆leadership / supervision / direction from sb◆regulation / supervision by sb◆under the management / leadership / administration / supervision / direction of sb◆(to be / work, etc.) in government / management / administration◆good government / management / leadership / administration◆firm / strong government / management / leadership / direction◆effective government / management / leadership / regulation / administration / supervision / direction◆weak government / management / leadership◆poor management / leadership / regulation / administration / supervision◆day-to-day government / management / administration / supervision◆general management / regulation / administration / supervision◆government regulation / administration / supervision / direction◆to be responsible for the management / regulation / administration / supervision of sth◆to take over the management / leadership / administration■ government [uncountable] the activity of controlling a country; the way in which a country is controlled （一国的）统治，治理；统治方式；管理方式◆The Nationalists had been in government for most of the 1980s.20世纪80年代的大部分时间都是民族主义者执政。◆Democratic government has now replaced military rule.民主政府现已取代军事统治。  see also govern ⇨ rule verb 1 ■ management [uncountable] the activity of running and controlling a business or other organization; the way in which it is run 经营；管理；管理方式◆She studied hotel management in Munich.她在慕尼黑学过酒店管理。◆The report blames bad management.那份报告将问题归咎于管理不善。◆The company's top-down management style made decision-making slow.该公司最高层决策一切的管理风格致使决策缓慢。  see also management ⇨ management , manage ⇨ run 2 , manager ⇨ manager ■ leadership [uncountable] the activity or position of being a leader; the abilities or qualities needed to be a leader 领导；领导地位；领导才能；领导应有的特质◆The party thrived under her leadership.该党在她的领导下壮大起来。◆In the crisis he showed real leadership.危机中，他展现出真正的领导才能。  see also lead ⇨ lead verb 2 , leader ⇨ leader 1 ■ regulation ˌregjuˈleɪʃn the practice of controlling sth by means of rules （运用条规的）管理，控制◆There are calls for tighter regulation of the industry.人们呼吁对这个行业进行更严格的管理。◆Theatre, cinema and broadcasting are all subject to regulation by local authorities.剧院、电影院和广播机构均由地方政府管理。  see also regulation ⇨ rule noun , regulate ⇨ regulate ■ administration [uncountable] the activities that are done in order to plan, organize and run a business or other organization （企业或机构的）管理，行政◆A large part of his job involves routine administration.他的大部分工作涉及日常管理。◆Administration costs are passed on to the customer.行政成本转嫁给了顾客。ⓘ Although administration refers to all the activities needed to organize and run a company which are not the actual business of the company (such as producing or selling a product), it is often used especially to refer to the paperwork necessary, such as filling in forms, writing letters or emails and filing. * administration可指经营公司所需的所有非实际业务（即不属于生产或销售等）的活动，但尤指必要的文书工作，如填表、写信、发电子邮件和文件归档等。   see also administer ⇨ run 2 , administrator ⇨ organizer ■ supervision ˌsuːpəˈvɪʒn, ˌsjuːpəˈvɪʒn; NAmE ˌsuːpərˈvɪʒn [uncountable] the activity of being in charge of sb/sth and making sure that everything is done correctly or safely 监督；管理；主管◆New employees are trained to work without direct supervision.新员工要接受培训，学会在没有直接监督的情况下工作。◆There was inadequate supervision of children in the swimming pool.对游泳池中的儿童照看不足。  see also supervise ⇨ regulate , supervisor ⇨ manager ■ direction [uncountable] (rather formal) the activity of managing or guiding sb/sth 管理；指导◆All the work was produced by the students under the direction of John Williams.所有作品都是在约翰•威廉斯的指导下由学生创作完成的。◆The teacher provided clear direction, but allowed children some autonomy.老师提供了明确的指导，但允许孩子们有一些自主权。  see also direct ⇨ run 2 , director ⇨ manager
IELTS BNC: 124 COCA: 201

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