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BNC: 518 COCA: 480

explain

Word family 
ex·plain /ɪkˈspleɪn/ ●●● S1 W1 verb [intransitiveI, transitiveT]
1  EXPLAINto tell someone about something in a way that is clear or easy to understand 解釋，說明
He carefully explained the procedure.
他仔細解釋了程序。
explain (to somebody) why/how/what etc
The librarian will explain how to use the catalogue system.
圖書館管理員將說明如何使用目錄系統。
Let me explain what I mean.
我來解釋一下我的意思。
explain that
He explained that it had been a difficult film to make.
他解釋說這部電影很難制作。
explain something to somebody
I explained the situation to my bank manager.
我向我的銀行經理說明了情況。
5You explain something to someone: He explained the system to me (NOT explained me the system).
向某人說明某事用 to : He explained the system to me (不說 explained me the system). 他向我介紹了這個系統。
2  REASONto give a reason for something or to be a reason for something 說明[是]…的原因
Wait! I can explain everything.
等一下！ 我可以解釋一切。
How can you explain that sort of behaviour?
你如何解釋那種行爲？
explain that
She explained that she had been ill.
她解釋說她病了。
explain why/how/what etc
I’ll explain why I don’t believe your story.
我會解釋我爲何不相信你說的情況。
That still doesn’t explain how he was able to hide the body.
那還是沒有說明他怎麽能夠藏屍的。
3  explain yourself 
a) REASONto tell someone who is angry or upset with you the reasons why you did something 解釋自己的行爲
I’m going to give you five seconds to explain yourself.
我給你五秒鐘時間解釋自己的行爲。
b) EXPLAINto say clearly what you mean 把自己的意思說清楚
Sorry, I’m not explaining myself very well.
對不起，我沒把自己的意思說得很清楚。
Examples from the Corpus
explain yourself• Censure gives Mr Wahid three months to explain himself.• I knew I could explain myself.• I regard this as part of my life, a duty to explain myself.• When, eventually, he was admitted to the presence of the Chairman he would have perhaps fifteen minutes to explain himself.• I had explained myself, as I always did, but I could scarcely explain myself away.• Yet now, commanded to appear before elected officials, he had to explain himself, give an accounting of his views.• He waited for Ballater to explain himself or to state the reason for his visit.• John doesn't make excuses or explain himself to anybody.• She tried to speak, to call for help, to explain herself, to scream, but no words would come.• No, that's not what I meant. I guess I didn't explain myself very well.
4 explain something ↔ away phrasal verbphr v REASONto make something seem less important or bad by giving reasons for it 爲〔某事〕作辯解
The difference in the treatment they receive is hard to explain away.
很難爲他們受到的不同待遇辯解。
Examples from the Corpus
explain away• But the responses at the moment range from making excuses to explaining the problems away.• I had explained myself, as I always did, but I could scarcely explain myself away.• Not only do they not do this but when presented with such evidence they explain it away.• Some try to explain the miracles away and say that they did not happen.• To explain something is not to explain it away and to understand something is not to underestimate its value.• As much as he tried to explain it away, he just got in deeper.• But because of the evidence neither can we explain it away: there is the beginning of the rationality of faith.• I hung it as a joke, but I stopped trying to explain it away to guests when they commented.
n Grammar
You explain something to someone:
Alan explained the system to me.
✗Don’t say: Alan explained me the system. | Alan explained to me the system.
 THESAURUS
explain to give someone the information they need to understand something 解釋，說明
She explained how to use the software.
她解釋了怎麽使用這個軟件。
Doctors usually explain the risks of the treatment to patients.
醫生一般都會向患者說明治療有何風險。
tell to explain something. People often use tell instead of explain in everyday conversation 告訴；說明〔在日常對話中，人們常用tell，而不用explain〕
He told me how to get to his house.
他告訴我去他家怎麽走。
The book tells you how to improve your health through diet.
這本書告訴你怎樣通過飲食改善健康狀況。
show to explain to someone how to do something by doing it while they watch you 〔通過演示〕解釋，說明
Ellen showed me how to work the coffee maker.
埃倫教我怎樣使用煮咖啡機。
demonstrate /ˈdemənstreɪt/ to explain to someone how to do something by doing it while they watch you, especially when it is part of your job 〔尤指出於工作職責而〕示範，演示
The cabin crew demonstrated the safety procedures to the passengers.
客艙乘務員向乘客演示了安全規程。
A qualified instructor will demonstrate how to use the equipment properly.
將有一名合格的教練示範如何正確使用這些設備。
go through something to explain something carefully, especially one step at a time 〔尤指一步步地〕詳細說明某事物
Mrs. Riddell went through the homework assignment.
裏德爾夫人仔細地講解家庭作業。
set out something to explain a series of ideas, reasons or opinions in an organized way in writing or in a speech 〔有條理地以書面或口頭形式〕陳述[闡明]某事物
In his speech, he intended to set out the party’s policies on education.
他的發言旨在陳述該政黨的教育方針。
Examples from the Corpus
explain• But the dynamics of his thinking have never been easy to explain.• It's not so complicated - let me explain.• Let me show you - it's too difficult to explain.• She just doesn't like me. How else can you explain her behaviour?• I had nothing in my vocabulary of human behavior to explain him.• We were all puzzled: what could explain his sudden change of mind?• The doctor explained how the clinic operates.• The reason this requires explaining is that young women are different from other human beings in this respect.• If you don't get the joke, I'll explain it to you later.• I don't have time to explain now - just come with me quickly!• Sarah explained that she hadn't been feeling well recently.• We listened carefully while Pam explained the process.• Could you explain the rules of the game to me, please?• I would prefer the teacher to explain things rather than the computer.• Shakespeare took the time to explain this; director Jocelyn Moorhouse does not.• It was difficult explaining to the children why their father was leaving home.• Can you explain what the poem means?• The problem may explain why Brady has not made more of an impact since exploding on the scene three years ago.• This may, inpart, explain why current approaches seem so distant from those applied to other periods of the past.• She couldn't sleep last night, which explains why she was in such a bad mood this morning.• Doctors are unable to explain why the disease spread so quickly.• This explains why the extent of the use of crack is not necessarily indicated by the scale of seizures.
explain (to somebody) why/how/what etc• He and Darcy have had a dispute, which he explains to Elizabeth.• Oh, how could she explain?• It is not necessary to explain to me why Anthony falls under the spell of a beautiful woman.• As riders and trainers we must explain to the horse what is acceptable and what is not.• Offer them coffee or a drink, explain exactly what is included in the sale, and sell your home.• Can you explain simply what one purpose or one redeeming quality that movie embraced?• Most class analysts do not explain in detail how policy decisions are actually made.
explain that• But Giap spurned the advice, explaining that he could not desert his comrades.• Then she explained that I was there, and that I was hoping to talk to students.• Jack explained that it had been his father driving the car.• Eisenhower was asked about the case and explained that it was a matter of state concern.• Nonplussed, Loretta explained that she had driven right through the village without finding it.• Quinn explains that spending on roads and other infrastructure accounts for most of the deficit.• Jesse Young explains that... there was a good deal of a panic at the beginning of the battle.
Origin explain
(1500-1600) Latin explanare “to make level, unfold”, from planus “level, flat”
BNC: 518 COCA: 480
explain

verb

ADVERB | VERB + EXPLAIN | PREPOSITION | PHRASES ADVERB➤in detail詳細解釋◇I explained the issues in great detail.我詳細解釋了這些問題。➤fully充分解釋◇The reasons for the accident have not been fully explained.事故的原因還未得到充分解釋。➤adequately, properly, really, satisfactorily, well充分地／恰當地／真實地／令人滿意地／很好地解釋▸➤partially, partly部份解釋◇This partly explains why he was so late.這部份解釋了他為什麼會這麼晚。➤exactly準確地解釋▸➤briefly簡單地解釋▸➤quickly迅速地解釋▸➤easily, readily, simply容易／輕鬆／簡單解釋◇This phenomenon can be easily explained.這種現象很容易解釋。➤clearly清楚地解釋▸➤carefully仔細地解釋▸➤calmly冷靜地解釋▸➤helpfully, patiently有幫助地／耐心地解釋◇The doctor explained patiently what the treatment would be.醫生耐心地解釋了將如何治療。➤concisely, succinctly簡潔地／簡明地解釋◇The general principles behind the method used are explained clearly and concisely.使用的方法所依據的一般原則得到了簡單明瞭的解釋。➤excitedly興奮地解釋VERB + EXPLAIN➤be able to, be unable to, can能解釋；不能解釋；可以解釋◇I know I'm late, but I can explain why.我知道遲到了，但我可以解釋原因。➤attempt to, seek to, try to試圖解釋；想要解釋◇It is a book which seeks to explain the birth of Greek tragedy.這是一本試圖解釋希臘悲劇起源的書。➤help (to)有助於解釋▸➤purport to意在解釋◇Many theories purport to explain growth in terms of a single cause.許多理論都意在以單一原因解釋生長。➤be difficult to, be hard to很難解釋◇It's difficult to explain exactly how the system works.很難確切地解釋這個系統是如何工作的。➤hasten to連忙解釋◇She saw his quick frown and hastened to explain.她看到他立即皺起眉頭，就連忙解釋起來。➤let sb讓某人解釋◇Let me explain what I mean.讓我解釋一下我的意思。PREPOSITION➤about就⋯解釋◇She tried to explain about her fears and anxieties.她試圖解釋她的擔心和焦慮。➤to向⋯解釋◇She explained the plan to me very carefully.她向我仔細解釋了這個計劃。PHRASES➤explain everything解釋一切◇I have a letter here which explains everything.我這裏有一封信可以解釋一切。➤go a long way, some way, etc. towards/toward explaining sth花大量的、一定的等功夫解釋⋯◇This goes some way towards / toward explaining the hostility between the two groups.這在一定程度上解釋了兩個團體間的對立。
BNC: 518 COCA: 480
explain verb
⇨ explain 1 (explain how sth works) ⇨ explain 2 (explain your behaviour)explain1

verb

 explain how sth works 解釋⋯的工作原理explain your behaviour 說明你這樣做的原因explain ♦︎ illustrate ♦︎ define ♦︎ clarify ♦︎ shed/cast/throw light on sth ♦︎ spell sth out ♦︎ interpret ♦︎ expoundThese words all mean to tell sb about sth in a way that makes them able to understand it. 這些詞均表示解釋、說明。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆to explain / clarify / spell sth out / expound sth to sb◆to explain / spell out that...◆to explain / illustrate / clarify / shed light on / spell out how / what... / why...◆to explain / clarify / shed light on a / an situation / issue◆to explain / illustrate / clarify / expound an idea◆to explain / illustrate / clarify a point◆to explain / illustrate / define / clarify the position / role / nature / meaning of sth◆to explain / illustrate / expound a theory◆to clearly explain / illustrate / define / spell out / expound sth■ explain [transitive, intransitive] to tell sb about sth in a way that makes it easy or easier for them to understand 解釋；說明；闡明◆First, let me explain the rules of the game.首先，我來說明一下遊戲的規則。◆I tried to explain the problem to the technician.我試圖向那個技術員解釋這個問題。◆She explained to them what to do in the event of an emergency.她向他們說明了緊急情況下要怎麽做。◆'It was like this,' she explained.“事情就是這樣了。”她解釋道。◆There's no need to explain. We understand.沒有必要解釋，我們明白。ⓘ You cannot say 'explain me/him/her, etc.'. * explain後不能直接跟人稱代詞，要用explain sth to sb◆Can you explain the situation to me?能給我說明一下情況嗎？◆Can you explain me the situation?   see also explanatory ⇨ descriptive ▸ explanation [countable] ◆For a full explanation of how the machine works, turn to page 5.關於機器工作原理的詳細說明，請見第5頁。■ illustrate [transitive] to make the meaning of sth clearer by using examples, pictures, diagrams, etc. （用事例、圖片、圖表等）說明，解釋◆To illustrate my point, let me tell you a little story.爲了說明我的觀點，我來給你們講個小故事。◆Last year's sales figures are illustrated in Figure 2.圖2顯示了去年的銷售數字。  see also illustrate ⇨ show 1 , illustration ⇨ diagram , illustration ⇨ example 1 , illustrative ⇨ descriptive ■ define [transitive] to say or explain what the meaning of a word or phrase is 解釋（詞語）含義；給（詞語）下定義◆The term 'mental illness' is difficult to define.“精神病”這個詞很難下定義。◆Life imprisonment is defined as 60 years under state law.按照州法律終身監禁定義爲60年。  see also definition ⇨ definition ■ clarify ˈklærəfaɪ [transitive] (rather formal) to make sth clearer or easier for sb to understand 使更清晰易懂；闡明；澄清◆Let me clarify my position on this matter.我來澄清一下我在這件事情上的立場。◆There are one or two issues that need to be clarified.有一兩個問題需要再說明一下。◆I hope I managed to clarify things a little.希望我已經把事情解釋得清楚些了。▸ clarification

noun

 [uncountable, countable] ◆I am seeking clarification of the regulations.我正努力弄清這些規則。■ shed ˈlight on sth■ throw ˈlight on sth■ cast ˈlight on sth

idiom

(shedding, shed, shed; cast, cast; threw, thrown)to make sth easier to understand by explaining parts of it （部分地）解釋清楚，闡明◆Recent research has thrown some new light on the causes of the disease.最新的研究進一步解釋了這種病的病因。◆The report casts no light on (= does not explain) why some children are still failing to achieve at school.這個報告沒有解釋爲什麽一些兒童仍然不能在學業上取得進步。ⓘ A person, sth they say or write, or a new discovery can shed/cast/throw light on sth. * shed/cast/throw light on sth的主語可以是人、言論或文章，或是新的研究發現。■ ˌspell sth ˈout

phrasal verb

to explain sth in a very clear, simple way （用淺顯的方式）解釋明白，講清楚◆You know what I mean－ I'm sure I don't need to spell it out.你明白我的意思－肯定不需要解釋了。■ interpret [transitive] to explain the meaning of sth such as a text or work of art, especially when it is possible to understand or explain it in several different ways 诠釋，解讀（文本、藝術品等，尤指诠釋方式不只一種）◆The students were asked to interpret the poem.學生被要求诠釋那首詩。  see also interpretation ⇨ definition , interpretative ⇨ descriptive ■ expound [transitive, intransitive] (formal) to explain sth by talking about it in detail 詳解；詳述；闡述◆She expounded her theory further in the course of her talk.她在發言中進一步詳述了她的理論。◆He was there to expound on the government's latest policy initiative.他去那兒的目的是闡述政府政策的最新方案。explain2

verb

 explain how sth works 解釋⋯的工作原理explain your behaviour 說明你這樣做的原因explain ♦︎ justify ♦︎ account for sth ♦︎ defend ♦︎ stand up for sb/sth ♦︎ stick up for sb/sthThese words all mean to support sb/sth that is being criticized or attacked or to give an explanation for sth. 這些詞均表示辯解、解釋。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆to explain / justify / account for / defend sth to sb◆to explain / justify / account for what / why / how...◆to explain / justify / defend / stand up for / stick up for yourself◆to explain / justify / account for / defend a decision◆to explain / justify / account for / defend your / sb's behaviour◆to defend / stand up for / stick up for sb's rights■ explain [intransitive, transitive] to give a reason for sth; to be a reason for sth 說明原因；解釋⋯的理由◆She tried to explain but he wouldn't listen.她試圖說明原因，可他根本不聽。◆Ed explained that his car had broken down.埃德解釋說他的車抛錨了。◆The government now has to explain its decision to the public.政府現在必須向公衆解釋爲什麽決定這樣做。◆Well, that doesn't explain why you didn't call me.嗳，那可不是你不給我打電話的理由。◆ (spoken) Oh well then, that explains it (= I understand now why sth happened).噢，原來這麽回事。   see also explanation ⇨ reason ■ justify [transitive] to show that sb/sth is right or reasonable; to give an explanation or excuse for sth or for doing sth, especially sth that other people think is wrong or unreasonable 證明⋯正確（或正當、有理）；對⋯作出解釋；爲⋯辯解◆How can they justify paying such huge salaries?他們怎麽證明支付如此高昂的薪金是正當的呢？◆Her success had justified the faith her teachers had put in her.她的成功證明了老師對她的期許是正確的。◆You don't need to justify yourself to me.你不必向我解釋你的理由。  see also justification ⇨ reason , unjustified ⇨ unjustified ■ acˈcount for sth

phrasal verb

 (rather formal) to be the explanation or cause of sth; to give an explanation of sth 是⋯的說明（或原因）；解釋；說明◆The poor weather may have accounted for the small crowd.天氣不好可能是人少的原因。◆How do you account for the show's success?你認爲這次演出爲何成功？■ defend [transitive] to say or write sth in support of sb/sth that has been criticized, or to give an explanation for sth 辯解；辯白；解釋◆Politicians are skilled at defending themselves against their critics.從政者都善於爲自己辯解，反駁别人的批評。◆How can you defend such behaviour?你怎麽爲這種行爲辯解呢？  see also defence ⇨ security ■ ˌstand ˈup for sb/sth

phrasal verb

(stood, stood) [no passive] to strongly support or defend sb/sth that has been criticized 支持；維護；捍衛◆Always stand up for your friends.任何時候都要支持自己的朋友。◆You must stand up for your rights.你必須維護自己的權利。◆She had learnt to stand up for herself.她學會了自我保護。■ ˌstick ˈup for sb/sth

phrasal verb

 [no passive] (rather informal) to support or defend sb/sth that has been criticized 支持；維護；捍衛◆Stick up for what you believe.要捍衛自己的信念。◆She taught her children to stick up for themselves at school.她教育子女在學校要勇於自衛。ⓘ Stick up for sb/sth is used especially to talk about sb defending another person or themselves when no one else will. * stick up for sb/sth尤指在沒有外援的情況下保護自己或他人。
BNC: 518 COCA: 480

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