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IELTS BNC: 1147 COCA: 1360

failure

Word family 
Related topics: Finance
fail·ure /ˈfeɪljə $ -ər/ ●●● S3 W2 noun
1  lack of success 不成功 [countableC, uncountableU]FAIL a lack of success in achieving or doing something 失敗 OPP success
Successful people often aren’t very good at dealing with failure.
一帆風順的人往往不太擅長應對失敗。
failure to do something
the conference’s failure to reach an agreement
會議未能達成一致
2  unsuccessful person/thing 失敗的人/事 [countableC]FAIL someone or something that is not successful 失敗的人[事] OPP success
I always felt a bit of a failure at school.
我上學時總覺得自己有點失敗。
3  failure to do something NOT DO somethingan act of not doing something which should be done or which people expect you to do 未能做〔應做到的〕某事
Failure to produce proof of identity could result in prosecution.
無法出示身份證明可能會被起訴。
Examples from the Corpus
failure to do something• Ewing lamented his failure to learn Gaelic, and he never managed to train enough priests who did.• Sources of errors in searching mainly involve failure to find related papers due to inconsistencies in the use of personal names.• It helps to explain the conservatism of our class struggle, and its failure to mature into socialist struggle.• Diagnostic difficulties in those cases were related to confusing radiological and endoscopic appearances or failure to obtain histological confirmation of lymphoma.• In that situation failure to accumulate in the face of rapidly rising real wage costs spells disaster.• Outdated computer systems and the failure to help judges to implement the reforms were adding to the chaos.• The failure to find a referent results in a numerical penalty being awarded to the reading for which it occurs.• Mind you, failure to display a phone number doesn't make them instantly dodgy.
4  business 企業 [countableC, uncountableU]BBBF a situation in which a business has to close because of a lack of money 倒閉，關閉
Business failures in Scotland rose 10% last year.
去年蘇格蘭的企業破産率上升了10%。
5  machine/body part 機器部件/身體部位 [countableC, uncountableU]THB an occasion when a machine or part of your body stops working properly 故障，失靈；衰竭
The cause of the crash was engine failure.
墜機原因是引擎故障。
heart/kidney/liver etc failure
He died from kidney failure.
他死於腎衰竭。
failure in
a failure in the computer system
計算機系統故障
6  crops 莊稼 [countableC, uncountableU] an occasion when crops do not grow or produce food, for example because of bad weather 歉收
a series of crop failures
接二連三的莊稼歉收
 COLLOCATIONS – Meanings 1 & 2
verbs
end in/result in failure 以失敗告終
A series of rescue attempts ended in failure.
一系列救援行動都以失敗告終。
be doomed to failure (=be certain to fail) 注定失敗
The rebellion was doomed to failure from the start.
這次叛亂從一開始就注定要失敗。
admit failure 承認失敗
He was too proud to admit failure.
他很驕傲，不肯認輸。
accept failure 接受失敗
nBeing able to accept failure is part of life.
avoid failure 避免失敗
nShe was anxious to avoid failure.
adjectives
complete/total/utter failure 完全的/十足的/徹底的失敗
The project ended in total failure.
這個項目以徹底失敗告終。
abject/dismal failure (=used to emphasize how bad a failure is) 慘敗
The experiment was considered a dismal failure.
此次實驗被認爲是一次慘敗。
a personal failure (=a failure that is someone's personal fault) 個人失敗
nHe considered his inability to form long-term relationships to be a personal failure.
economic failure 經濟失敗
nEconomic failure drove the government out of office.
phrases
fear of failure 對失敗的畏懼
Fear of failure should not deter you from trying.
不要因爲畏懼失敗而不敢嘗試。
the risk/possibility of failure 失敗的風險/可能性
The risk of failure for a new product is very high.
新産品失敗的風險很大。
nThe possibility of failure was sufficiently high for the auditors to warn investors.
an admission of failure 認輸
Dropping out of college would be an admission of failure.
從大學退學就是承認失敗。
a history of failure (=a situation in which someone has failed many times in the past) 失敗的歷史
Some children have a history of failure at school.
有些孩子在學校裏經歷過失敗。
a string of failures (=a series of failures) 一連串失敗
nThe team has had a string of failures in recent games.
a sense of failure 挫折感
nPeople may feel a sense of failure if they admit they have ended up in a job they hate.
nthe consequences of failure
The political consequences of failure would be defeat at the next election.
failure + NOUN
a failure rate 失敗率
There is a high failure rate in the restaurant industry.
餐飲業倒閉率很高。
n THESAURUS
failure noun [countableC] someone or something that is not successful
The book was a complete failure.
I felt a complete failure.
flop noun [countableC] informal something that is not successful because people do not like it – used especially about a film, play, product, or performance
Despite the hype, the movie was a flop at the box office.
Their next computer was a flop.
disaster noun [countableC] used when saying that something is extremely unsuccessful
Our first date was a disaster.
Their marriage was a total disaster.
fiasco noun [countableC usually singular] something that is completely unsuccessful and goes very badly wrong – used especially about things that have been officially planned, which go very wrong
The baggage system broke down on the first day the airport was open. It was a complete fiasco.
The fiasco came close to ending de Gaulle's political career.
debacle noun [countableC usually singular] formal an event or situation that is a complete failure, because it does not happen in the way that it was officially planned
the banking debacle that has put our economy at risk
shambles noun [singular] especially British EnglishBrE if a situation or event is a shambles, it is completely unsuccessful because it has been very badly planned or organized, and no one seems to know what to do
The first few shows were a shambles, but things soon got better.
washout noun [singular] informal a failure – used when something is so bad that it would be better if it had not happened
The play wasn’t a complete washout; the acting was okay.
His most recent and ambitious project, a big-budget Hollywood film, was a washout with both critics and audiences alike.
turkey noun [countableC] informal something that is so bad and unsuccessful that you think the people involved should be embarrassed about it – a very informal use
At the time most people thought the car was a complete turkey.
Since then he has appeared in a string of turkeys.
Examples from the Corpus
failure• I feel like such a failure.• Perhaps it is a movie about the promises and failures of public works in and since the New Deal.• It has become the most expensive bank failure in U.S. history.• If the plaintiff was thrown forwards and injured, then clearly failure to wear a seat belt is contributory negligence.• The fragility of life is now characterised by an electricity failure or a virus in computers.• Innovation demands risk, and risk brings with it the possibility of frequent failure.• Heart failure means that the heart muscle is not pumping well enough to meet the need for oxygen-rich blood.• Now, swept by red wave upon wave, she had to expiate her failure.• Their first attempt to climb Mount Everest ended in failure.• She never tries anything because she's terrified of failure.• His ability has been called into question after a number of recent failures.• This occurs because the gastrointestinal absorption of magnesium is not depressed in chronic renal failure.• The failure of the international community to deal effectively with the problem has cost thousands of lives.• The failure of the peace talks has led to increased tension on the streets.• There are various possible reasons for these failures, including errors of recognition and errors of spelling.
failure to do something• Failure to show proof of car insurance to an officer will result in a fine.• Ewing lamented his failure to learn Gaelic, and he never managed to train enough priests who did.• Sources of errors in searching mainly involve failure to find related papers due to inconsistencies in the use of personal names.• It helps to explain the conservatism of our class struggle, and its failure to mature into socialist struggle.• Diagnostic difficulties in those cases were related to confusing radiological and endoscopic appearances or failure to obtain histological confirmation of lymphoma.• In that situation failure to accumulate in the face of rapidly rising real wage costs spells disaster.• Outdated computer systems and the failure to help judges to implement the reforms were adding to the chaos.• The failure to find a referent results in a numerical penalty being awarded to the reading for which it occurs.• Mind you, failure to display a phone number doesn't make them instantly dodgy.
heart/kidney/liver etc failure• But fainting, and heart failure, is possible.• All the evidence indicates total kidney and heart failure.• Starting soon, some one from the Massachusetts center will check up several times a week on senior citizens with congestive heart failure.• Muscle cramps, kidney and even heart failure are the physical results of prolonged bulimia.• This patient died of liver failure 2 months after the second operation.• In a patient presenting late or after a particularly large overdose recognition of the onset of liver failure is crucial.• Long-term use led to heart damage, stroke, kidney failure, and psychosis in some cases.• Doctors have been sent a letter by Sandoz pointing out that 4 people have suffered liver failure after taking Lamisil.
crop failures• Both the 1987 and 1989 crop failures followed good years.• The short-term cause of overriding local significance were the droughts and crop failures in 1920 and 1921.• But buy some reserve seeds in case of crop failures or for successive sowings of fast-maturing varieties such as lettuce and radishes.• A series of crop failures have driven many farmers out of business.• Global warming will deeply affect poor countries, leading to huge numbers of refugees, crop failures, and extreme weather.
From Longman Business Dictionary
failurefail·ure /ˈfeɪljə-ər/ noun
1[countableC, uncountableU]COMMERCE a situation in which a business that is not successful has to close because it is losing money
The Official Receiver recommended a detailed investigation intothe reasons for the company’s failure.
Business failures rose by 31% to 62,767, according to Dun & Bradstreet.
2[uncountableU] lack of success in achieving or doing something
failure to do something
the failure of some large firms to adhere to a strict policy on wages
→ audit failure → market failure
3[countableC, uncountableU] a situation in which equipment or a machine stops working
potential financial loss as a result of computer failure
IELTS BNC: 1147 COCA: 1360
failure

noun¹

 1lack of success沒有成功ADJECTIVE | VERB + FAILURE | FAILURE + NOUN | PHRASES ADJECTIVE➤complete, total徹底的／完全的失敗▸➤abject, humiliating不光彩的失敗◇The attempt ended in abject failure.這一嘗試以不光彩的失敗告終。➤inevitable不可避免的失敗▸➤costly代價慘重的失敗▸➤alleged, apparent, perceived所謂的／表面上的／領悟到的失敗▸➤relative相對的失敗▸➤initial最初的失敗◇Initial failure was followed by unexpected, if modest, success.最初的失敗之後是意想不到的成功，即便並不輝煌。➤ultimate最終的失敗◇War is the ultimate failure of public communication.戰爭是政府溝通最終失敗的結果。➤personal個人的失敗▸➤moral道德敗壞▸➤academic學業失敗▸➤economic, financial經濟／金融失敗▸➤military軍事上的失敗VERB + FAILURE➤be doomed to, end in, result in注定失敗；以失敗告終；導致失敗◇All her efforts were doomed to failure.她付出的所有努力注定會失敗。➤admit, tolerate承認／容忍失敗◇He was too proud to admit failure.他太驕傲了，不願認輸。◇I will not tolerate failure .我不會容忍失敗。➤lament為失敗而痛惜◇He lamented his failure to formulate a satisfactory theory.他為自己未能創立令人滿意的理論而痛惜不已。➤explain解釋失敗的原因➤attribute, blame將失敗歸因於⋯／歸咎於⋯◇He attributes the failure of the project to lack of government support.他把這一項目的失敗歸因於缺乏政府的支持。◇I blame the failure of our relationship on my husband.我把我們關係的破裂歸咎於我的丈夫。➤expect預料到會失敗◇Children who are doing badly tend to expect failure and criticism.成績不好的孩子往往容易想到失敗和受批評。➤fear害怕失敗▸➤avoid避免失敗FAILURE + NOUN➤rate失敗率◇There is a high failure rate with this treatment.這種治療的失敗率很高。PHRASES➤fear of failure害怕失敗◇Fear of failure should not deter you from trying.不應該因為害怕失敗而放棄嘗試。➤a history of failure不成功的歷史◇John had a long history of academic failure.約翰學習成績差不是一天兩天了。➤a possibility of failure, a risk of failure失敗的可能／風險➤a sense of failure挫敗感
failure

noun²

 2unsuccessful person/thing失敗的人或事ADJECTIVE | VERB + FAILURE | FAILURE + VERB | PREPOSITION ADJECTIVE➤big, great, serious巨大的／重大的／嚴重的失敗▸➤complete, total, utter完全失敗；徹底失敗▸➤catastrophic, disastrous災難性的失敗▸➤abject, conspicuous, dismal, humiliating, lamentable, miserable不光彩的／觸目的／悲慘的／帶來恥辱的／令人惋惜的／可憐的失敗（者）▸➤costly代價巨大的失敗▸➤heroic (BrE) 有勇氣的失敗者◇If she could not succeed, she would at least be a heroic failure.即使不能成功，她至少也是一位有勇氣的失敗者。➤alleged, apparent, perceived所謂的／表面的／被視作失敗（者）▸➤relative相對的失敗（者）▸➤past過去的失敗◇to learn from past failures從以往的失敗中學習➤rare (especially BrE) 少有的失敗◇The movie was one of the rare failures in his career.這部電影是他職業生涯中少有的敗筆之一。➤unexpected意想不到的失敗▸➤personal個人的失敗▸➤collective集體的失敗▸➤moral道德的敗壞▸➤academic學習差的人▸➤economic, financial經濟／金融失敗◇economic failure and increasing unemployment經濟失敗與失業人口增多➤military軍事失敗VERB + FAILURE➤be, represent失敗；意味着失敗▸➤prove證明失敗◇The venture proved a costly failure.此次投機最終失敗，且代價巨大。➤experience, have經歷／遭到失敗▸➤feel, feel like (especially NAmE) 覺得失敗；感覺是失敗者◇I felt (like) a complete failure.我覺得自己是一個徹底的失敗者。➤consider sb/sth, regard sb/sth as認為⋯是／把⋯看成失敗（者）▸➤brand sb/sth (especially BrE) 醜化⋯為失敗者◇Her parents had long since branded her a failure.長久以來她的父母都說她是個失敗者。FAILURE + VERB➤arise from sth失敗源於⋯◇failures arising from circumstances beyond your control無法控制的環境因素導致的失敗PREPOSITION➤failure of⋯的失敗◇The decision to withdraw funding represents a failure of imagination.撤資決定表明了幻想的破滅。
failure

noun³

 3not doing sth未做ADJECTIVE | VERB + FAILURE ADJECTIVE➤fundamental根本沒做到▸➤general基本上沒做到▸➤manifest顯然沒做到▸➤consistent, constant, continued, continuing, persistent, repeated一直沒做到；經常做不到▸➤government, management政府不履行；管理上沒做到◇government failure to listen to the voice of the electorate政府沒有聽取選民的意見VERB + FAILURE➤excuse, justify為沒能做⋯找藉口；證明沒有做到⋯有道理◇Nothing can excuse your failure to ask my permission.不管什麼原因都不能成為你不徵得我允許的藉口。➤constitute構成失敗◇This breach constitutes a serious failure in performance.這次背約構成嚴重違約。
failure

noun⁴

 4of a machine, system, part of the body, etc.機器；系統；身體ADJECTIVE | VERB + FAILURE | FAILURE + VERB | PREPOSITION ADJECTIVE➤mechanical, structural, technical機械／結構／技術故障▸➤battery, brake, component, computer, engine, equipment, power, system電池的電量不足；剎車失靈；零部件失靈；計算機故障；發動機故障；設備故障；停電；系統故障➤hardware, software (both computing計算機) 硬件／軟件故障▸➤bank, business, commercial, company, corporate, institutional, market銀行破產；企業破產；商業衰退；公司破產；企業倒閉；機構倒閉；市場蕭條◇Business failures rose by 30% in 2001.2001 年破產的企業增加了 30%。➤heart, kidney, liver, organ心力／腎臟／肝功能／器官衰竭◇the commonest cause of acute liver failure引起急性肝功能衰竭最常見的原因➤cardiac, hepatic, renal, respiratory (all medical醫學) 心臟／肝功能／腎功能／呼吸衰竭◇patients with chronic renal failure患有慢性腎功能衰竭的病人➤crop, harvest農作物歉收；收成不好▸➤communication通訊故障➤intelligence, policy情報不足；政策失敗VERB + FAILURE➤cause, lead to, result in引起／導致／造成衰竭◇a rare viral infection that can lead to heart failure可引起心力衰竭的罕見病毒感染➤experience, suffer經受／遭受故障◇The aircraft seems to have experienced an engine failure.這架飛機的發動機似乎出現過故障。➤prevent防止故障；預防衰竭FAILURE + VERB➤occur故障發生◇A power failure occurred between 4 and 5 p.m.下午四五點鐘之間停電了。PREPOSITION➤failure in⋯方面的故障◇a failure in the computer system計算機系統故障
IELTS BNC: 1147 COCA: 1360
failure noun
⇨ failure (the failure of a plan) ⇨ disaster (a costly failure) ⇨ loser 2 (I feel such a failure.) failure

noun

failure ♦︎ collapse ♦︎ breakdownThese are all words for a situation in which sth fails. 這些詞均表示失敗。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆a failure / collapse / breakdown in sth◆a / an complete / total / general / apparent failure / collapse / breakdown◆(an) economic failure / collapse / breakdown◆to contribute to / lead to / result in / cause / avoid the failure / collapse / breakdown (of sth)◆to end in failure / the breakdown (of sth)■ failure [uncountable] a lack of success in doing or achieving sth 失敗◆The success or failure of the plan depends on you.這一計劃的成敗取決於你。◆All my efforts ended in failure.我的一切努力最後都無濟於事。◆There is a high failure rate with this treatment.這項治療的失敗率很高。OPP success ⇨ achieve   see also failure ⇨ disaster ■ collapse kəˈlæps [countable, usually singular, uncountable] a situation in which sth, such as an institution, a business or an attempt to do sth, fails suddenly （機構、生意或做某事的企圖等的）突然失敗，倒閉，崩潰◆The war has led to the collapse of agriculture in the area.戰爭導致該地區的農業崩潰。◆He charted the villagers' collapse into poverty.他記錄了村民陷入貧困的過程。◆The peace talks were on the verge of collapse.和平談判瀕於破裂。■ breakdown ˈbreɪkdaʊn [countable, uncountable] the failure of a relationship, discussion or system （關系的）破裂；（討論或系統的）失敗◆A growing proportion of children are affected by family breakdown.越來越多的孩子受到家庭破裂的影響。◆The breakdown of negotiations was not expected.談判的失敗出人預料。◆There seems to be a complete breakdown in law and order.治安似乎完全陷入癱瘓。
IELTS BNC: 1147 COCA: 1360
failure
Failure: fail, fiasco, debacle...
Lack of action or activity: inaction, avoidance, standstill...
Problems with machines: bit rot, breakdown, bug...
Crop farming: arable, broadacre, cash crop...
Unsuccessful person or thing: lost cause, also-ran, lame duck...
Periods of loss or lack of success: failure, wilderness, eclipse...

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