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TOEFL IELTS BNC: 1166 COCA: 898

trial

Word family 
Related topics: Law
tri·al1 /ˈtraɪəl/ ●●● S3 W2 noun  
1  court 法庭 [countableC, uncountableU]SCTTRIAL a legal process in which a judge and often a jury in a court of law examine information to decide whether someone is guilty of a crime 审判，审理 → try
 The trial is due to start next week.
审理定于下周开始。
on trial (for something)
 Brady was on trial for assault.
布拉迪因侵犯他人而受审。
→ show trial
2  test 试验TEST/EXPERIMENT [countableC, uncountableU] a process of testing to find out whether something works effectively and is safe 试验
 a new drug that is undergoing clinical trials
正在接受临床试验的一种新药
3  try SB/STH 试用某人/某物TRY something TO SEE IF IT IS GOOD [countableC, uncountableU] a short period during which you use or do something or employ someone to find out whether they are satisfactory for a particular purpose or job 试用 → try
on trial
 They let me have the computer on trial for thirty days.
他们让我试用这台电脑30天。
 The security system will be reviewed after a three-month trial period.
这套安全系统在3个月试用期后将进行重新评估。
 Smith was hired on a six-month trial basis.
史密斯的试用期是6个月。
trial separation (=a period of time in which a husband and wife do not live together, to find out whether they want to stay married) （夫妻）试验性分居
4  by/through trial and error TRY something TO SEE IF IT IS GOODif you do something by trial and error, you test many different methods of doing something in order to find the best 反复试验〔以得出最佳结果〕
 I learned most of what I know about gardening through trial and error.
我的大部分园艺知识都是通过反复摸索得来的。
Examples from the Corpus
by/through trial and error• It pointed out that: Everything seems to be done by trial and error.• He learned everything just by trial and error.• They learned to farm the land through trial and error.• Some had to learn by trial and error.• These are things we learn by trial and error.• I did the tutorial that came with the package deal and learned a lot through trial and error.• In any case, they were confident these minor bugs could be worked out through trial and error.• Science progresses by trial and error.• Each individual achieves his own style by trial and error.
5  difficulty 困难WORRIED [countableC usually plural] something that is difficult to deal with, and that is worrying or annoying 艰难困苦，令人伤脑筋的人［事］ → trying
 the daily trials of living in a poor country
生活在贫穷国家的日常艰辛
be a trial (to/for somebody)
 My brothers and I were always a real trial to my parents.
我和我的兄弟们总是让父母伤透脑筋。
 the trials and tribulations of running a business
经营企业的艰辛与困苦
6  SPORTS 体育运动trials [plural] British EnglishBrEDS a special sports competition in which people who want to be on a team are tested, so that the best can be chosen 预赛，选拔赛 SYN American English tryout
horse/sheepdog trials (=a sporting competition in which horses or dogs compete) 马匹/牧羊犬选拔赛
Examples from the Corpus
horse/sheepdog trials• There are famous horse trials at Badminton, 38 miles away.• They'd misjudged a fence at the Tythrop Park horse trials at Kingsey in Buckinghamshire.
 COLLOCATIONS
verbs
be on trial (=be being judged in a court of law) 正在受审
Her son is on trial charged with murder.
她儿子因被控谋杀正在受审。
stand/face trial (=be judged in a court of law) 受审
Doctors said he was unfit to stand trial.
医生说他不宜受审。
go on trial 受审
Taylor went on trial accused of fraud.
泰勒因被控诈骗接受了审判。
be awaiting/facing trial 等待/面临审判
Its managing director is awaiting trial on corruption charges.
其总经理因贪污指控正在候审。
put somebody on trial 将某人送上法庭
They should never have been put on trial, let alone convicted.
根本就不应该把他们送上法庭受审,更别说给他们定罪了。
bring somebody to trial 将某人送交法庭审理
nThe people who were responsible for this crime must be brought to trial.
be sent for trial (also be committed for trial British EnglishBrE) 被交付审判
nSmith's lawyer battled to stop him being sent for trial in Britain.
a trial is held 进行审判
nWe believe the trial will be held sometime next month.
a trial opens (=officially begins) 审判开始
nThe trial opened 5 weeks ago.
a trial is adjourned (=it is officially stopped for several days, weeks, or months) 审判延期
nThe trial was adjourned until November.
ADJECTIVES/NOUN + trial
a murder/fraud etc trial 谋杀案/欺诈案等的审判
She was a witness in a murder trial.
她在一宗谋杀案审判中做过证人。
a fair trial 公正的审判
He is entitled to a fair trial.
他有权获得公正的审判。
a criminal trial (=for cases involving a crime) 刑事审判
nIn a criminal trial, guilt has to be proven beyond reasonable doubt.
a civil trial (=for cases dealing with the private affairs of citizens, rather than cases involving a crime) 民事审判
nIn civil trials, the jury's decision need not be unanimous.
phrases
a case goes/comes to trial 案件提交法庭审理
If the case ever went to trial, he would probably lose.
这个案子如果提交法庭审理的话，他很可能会输。
nnouns
the trial judge
The trial judge acquitted the accused on the charge of assault.
the trial lawyer
He is regarded as one of the finest trial lawyers in the state.
the trial court
The evidence will be fully tested in the trial court.
a trial date
No trial date has been set because of procedural delays.
the trial verdict
His lawyers have said they will appeal the civil trial verdict.
Examples from the Corpus
trial• He was sentenced to between five and 15 years after a trial which exposed the privileged lifestyle of rich New York youngsters.• Drake is in a federal prison in Houston, awaiting trial on charges of cocaine trafficking.• The drug is being evaluated in clinical trials.• Until now, the drug was only available to people taking part in clinical trials.• People in Russia are exhausted by the daily trials of living.• Results of the drug trial will be available soon.• Perelli faces trial later in the year on corruption and perjury charges.• A federal trial court sided with Lockheed, and threw out the claim.• The organisation planned its first fibre field trials in 1974, and began them in 1977.• At the brothers' first trial, in 1993, Oziel testified about the confessions for the prosecution.• Event-related potentials require many trials for the averaging procedure to work.• It makes extensive use of mock trials, simulations, and role-playing to reconstruct historical events.• On Tuesday, a judge rejected requests to televise the murder trial of Robert Caine.• What if William and the Watch went down together in some nautical disaster on the next trial?• A man was due to go on trial at Liverpool Crown Court later today accused of murdering his wife.• A man from Seattle is on trial for the murder.• Bedworth's trial, expected to last three weeks, continues.• Probert is overseeing the trials of the new explosives.• The trial is due to take place next month at Wood Green Crown Court.
on trial (for something)• Five police officers, including a general, are on trial for accepting the alleged bribes from Fininvest.• Kriho may not have been on trial for her beliefs.• Manager Peter Reid wanted him on trial but Ghent will not let their man leave on approval.• In each case it is the woman and her conduct that the man's lawyers will try to put on trial.• In Denver, only Tim McVeigh was on trial.• Blonde, 21-year-old Elizabeth Dugan, who comes from a respectable family, went on trial yesterday for attempted murder.• Rodriguez has spent the past year in prison while on trial for murder.
clinical trials• The online journal of current clinical trials, a scientific electronic journal, is to be launched this month.• The company will fund clinical trials necessary for the compounds to be shuttled through the federal drug approval process.• One of these diagnostic agents is now in clinical trials.• These agents are now being tested in clinical trials with people at risk. 6.• The high cost of clinical trials and animal tests has forced Beecham to hold back products that looked promising in research.• The team is now seeking approval to carry out clinical trials at the Churchill Hospital in Oxford.• But no large, long-range clinical trials have been completed.• Insurers have everything to gain by supporting clinical trials.
trial period• And they have warned they are only prepared to leave services as they are for a trial period.• Sort of a trial period to get acquainted.• Children have been taken on by the Institute and given trial periods.• The unusually long incubation period for this disease dictates an unusually long trial period.• After a successful trial period, tickets timed at half-hour intervals will now be required to visit the Washington Monument year-round.• Therefore, if your daughter truly has scoliosis, the trial period you asked is not warranted.• The redundancy payments legislation allows employees a four-week trial period in which to make up their minds.• These markets should be deregulated initially for a three-year trial period, said the review.
be a trial (to/for somebody)• This arbitrary divorce releases covert tensions yet makes possible the performance of Antigone s trial and punishment.• He concentrated on representing non-Protestant immigrants and was a trial lawyer during Prohibition days.• Learning to live with blindness was a major trial for the young girl.• It was a trial by deposition conducted across the four corners of the nation.• Learning to practice law in Miami was a trial by fire in the mid to late 1970s.• There was a trial in early May this year, to determine whether Hughes was guilty of reckless driving.• But they are trials we have tested, and they have worked.• At the time, what Lissa and I did was supposed to be a trial separation.• Building works are a trial, as anyone who ever undertakes them will agree.
trial2 verb (trialled, trialling) [transitiveT] British EnglishBrE  
TRY something TO SEE IF IT IS GOODto thoroughly test something to see if it works correctly or is effective 〔全面彻底地〕测试，试验，试用 SYN try out
 These techniques were trialled by teachers in 300 schools.
这些方法经过了300所学校老师的试用。
From Longman Business Dictionary
trialtri·al /ˈtraɪəl/ noun [countableC]
1LAWa legal process in which a court of law examines a case to decide whether someone is guilty of a crime
Three former brokers were ordered tostand trial for securities fraud.
2a process of testing a product to see whether it is safe, effective etc
The company expectsclinical trials (=scientific tests on a drug to see if it is safe before it is sold) to continue for two years.
—trial verb [transitiveT]
The language awareness course has been trialled with encouraging results.
—trialling noun [uncountableU]
the development, trialling and pre-testing of materials
→ acceptance trial → field trial
3by/through trial and error if you do something by or through trial and error, you try several different ways of doing it to get the result you want
I got these machine settings right purely by trial and error.
Origin trial
(1400-1500) Anglo-French trier; → TRY1
tri·al1 noun →COLLOCATIONS1trial2 verb
LDOCE Online
Chinese
Syllable
Corpus
TOEFL IELTS BNC: 1166 COCA: 898
trial

noun¹

 1in a court of law法庭ADJECTIVE | VERB + TRIAL | TRIAL + VERB | TRIAL + NOUN | PREPOSITION ADJECTIVE➤fair, unfair公正的／不公正的審訊◇The men claim they did not receive a fair trial.那些人聲稱他們沒有得到公正的審訊。➤full正式的審訊▸➤criminal刑事審訊▸➤fraud, impeachment, libel, murder, rape, etc.欺詐罪、彈劾、誹謗罪、謀殺罪、強姦罪等的審訊◇public opposition to the Clinton impeachment trial in 1999公眾對 1999 年彈劾克林頓審判的反對➤court, jury法庭的審訊；陪審團的審問▸➤Crown Court, High Court (in the UK) （英格蘭和威爾士的）刑事法庭的審訊；高等法院的審訊➤federal, state (both especially NAmE) 聯邦審訊；州審訊▸➤civil民事審判▸➤public公審▸➤show（為宣傳目的而舉行的）擺樣子的公審◇a series of show trials of former senior officials對前高官進行的一系列審判秀➤summary (especially BrE) 即決審訊◇The rebels were brutally executed after summary trials.即決審訊後反叛者被無情地處決了。➤controversial, notorious, sensational有爭議的／臭名昭著的／轟動一時的審判VERB + TRIAL➤come to, face, go on, go to, stand提交法庭審理；出庭受審◇He never came to trial for the robbery.他從來沒因為那次搶劫而受到審訊。◇She died before the case came to trial.在案件審判之前她就死了。◇A man has gone on trial accused of murdering his girlfriend.一男子因被控殺害女友而接受了審訊。➤bring sb to, commit sb for, put sb on使某人受審判；將某人拘押候審◇Four people had been arrested and committed for trial.4 人已經被捕候審。➤await等待審判◇He is in prison awaiting trial on drugs charges.他因被控毒品交易而在押候審。➤get得到審判◇She does not believe she got a fair trial.她認為對自己的審判不公平。➤attend出席審判◇As a journalist he attended every murder trial of note.作為記者，每一件重大謀殺案的審判他都出席。➤order下令審判◇The judge ordered a new trial on the grounds that evidence had been withheld.法官以隱瞞證據為由下令擇期重審。➤hold進行審判▸➤adjourn (especially BrE) 休庭▸➤halt, stop暫停／停止審訊◇The judge halted the trial when it emerged witnesses had been threatened.因爆出證人受到威脅，法官暫時停止了審訊。➤tell (BrE) 告知審訊人◇The trial was told that death threats had been made against him.審訊人被告知有人威脅要殺死他。TRIAL + VERB➤proceed, take place審判進行▸➤begin, open審訊開始▸➤continue, go on, resume審訊繼續；審訊重新開始▸➤collapse (especially BrE) 審訊失敗◇The trial collapsed after a key witness admitted lying.一名關鍵證人承認說謊，審訊因此失敗。TRIAL + NOUN➤attorney, court, judge, jury, lawyer訴訟代理人；初審法院；承審法官；審理陪審團；庭審律師▸➤verdict法庭的裁決▸➤procedure, proceedings, process審訊的程序；審訊的過程▸➤date審訊日期◇A trial date has been set for May 10.審判日期已定為 5 月 10 日。PREPOSITION➤at the trial在審訊中◇More than a hundred witnesses gave evidence at the trial.一百多名證人在審訊中作了證。➤during the trial在審訊期間◇The letters that were shown during his trial turned out to be forgeries.在他受審期間出示的信件結果證明是偽造的。➤on trial在受審中◇She is presently on trial at the Old Bailey.她目前正在倫敦中央刑事法庭受審。➤without trial未經審訊◇Opposition leaders had been jailed without trial.反對黨領導人沒經過審訊就被投入獄中。➤trial by由⋯進行的審訊◇The president faces trial by television tonight when he takes part in a live debate.今晚總統在參加直播辯論時將接受電視“審訊”。➤trial for就⋯的審訊◇She faces trial for murder.她因涉嫌謀殺而面臨審訊。➤trial over關於⋯的審訊◇Three people are to stand trial over the deaths of a young couple.3 人將因一對年輕夫婦的死亡受審。
trial

noun²

 2act of testing sb/sth測試ADJECTIVE | VERB + TRIAL | TRIAL + VERB | TRIAL + NOUN | PREPOSITION | PHRASES ADJECTIVE➤clinical, experimental, field臨牀／實驗性／現場試驗◇If clinical trials are successful the drug could be on the market early next year.如果臨牀試驗成功，這種藥明年年初就有可能上市。➤human人體試驗◇Human trials of the vaccine could begin within two years.疫苗的人體試驗可能在兩年內開始。➤full-scale, large, large-scale全面的試驗；大範圍的試驗▸➤ongoing正在進行的試驗▸➤controlled, double-blind, randomized對照／雙盲／隨機試驗▸➤free免費試用期◇There's a 30-day free trial of the software available.本軟件有 30 天的免費試用期。◇We've got this vacuum cleaner on ten days' free trial.我們獲得了這款真空吸塵器為期 10 天的免費試用機會。➤speed, time (both sport體育) 速度／時間試驗▸➤Olympic奧林匹克選拔賽VERB + TRIAL➤carry out, conduct, do, hold做實驗；進行試驗▸➤complete完成試驗▸➤take part in參加試驗▸➤have (BrE) 接受試訓◇He had a trial with Chelsea when he was young.他年輕時參加過切爾西隊的試訓。TRIAL + VERB➤demonstrate sth, show sth試驗證明⋯／表明⋯◇The trial showed a dramatic reduction in side effects.試驗表明副作用大幅度下降。➤find sth試驗發現⋯▸➤involve sb/sth, use sth試驗包括⋯；試驗使用⋯◇a trial involving hundreds of patients一項涉及數百名病人的試驗TRIAL + NOUN➤period試用期◇She agreed to employ me for a trial period.她同意試用我一段時間。➤run試跑◇They are treating this as a trial run for their marathon later this month.他們把這個看作是本月晚些時候馬拉松賽的一次試跑。➤data, results試驗數據／結果▸➤version試用版◇You can download a free 30-day trial version of the software.你可以下載該軟件的 30 天免費試用版。➤project, scheme (BrE) 試驗方案➤balloon (= sth that you say to find out what people think about it before you do it) (NAmE) 試探性言論◇The President may simply be floating a trial balloon.總統的舉動可能只是在試探。➤game (especially BrE) 預賽◇Gates played his second trial game in midfield.蓋茨在中場第二次上場打預賽。➤separation嘗試性分居◇The couple agreed on a trial separation.這對夫妻同意嘗試性分居。PREPOSITION➤on trial在試用中◇We had the machine on trial for a week.該機器我們試用了一個星期。➤under trial (especially BrE) 在試驗中◇A new stocktaking system is currently under trial in the store.一種新的清點存貨系統目前正在這家商店試用。PHRASES➤on a trial basis以試驗的形式◇The new system will be introduced on a trial basis.這個新系統將被引入試用。➤trial by fire (figurative, especially NAmE) 艱難的考驗◇My first day at work was a trial by fire.我上班的第一天猶如經歷了一場烈火考驗。➤trial and error反複試驗◇We discovered the ideal mix of paint by trial and error.通過反複嘗試，我們調出了理想的漆色。➤a trial of strength實力的較量◇The dispute was regarded as a trial of strength by the unions.這場爭論被工會看作是實力的較量。
trial

noun³

 3experience/person that causes difficulties造成困難的事或人ADJECTIVE | PREPOSITION | PHRASES ADJECTIVE➤real令人煩惱的人／事◇She was a real trial to her family at times.她有時令她的家人很煩心。PREPOSITION➤trial to令⋯煩心的人／事PHRASES➤trials and tribulations艱難困苦◇the trials and tribulations of married life婚姻生活的艱難困苦
TOEFL IELTS BNC: 1166 COCA: 898
trial noun
⇨ case (trial by jury) ⇨ interview 2 (Olympic trials) ⇨ test 1 (drug trials/a trial period)
TOEFL IELTS BNC: 1166 COCA: 898

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