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TOEFL IELTS BNC: 3182 COCA: 3484

excuse

Word family
ex·cuse1 /ɪkˈskjuːz/ ●●● S1 verb [transitiveT]  
1 excuse me spoken
a) REPEATused when you want to get someone’s attention politely, especially when you want to ask a question 劳驾〔用于礼貌地引起他人注意,尤其是发问时〕
 Excuse me, can you tell me the way to the museum please?
劳驾,请问去博物馆怎么走?
b) SORRY/APOLOGIZEused to say that you are sorry for doing something rude or embarrassing 对不起
 Oh, excuse me. I didn’t know anyone was here.
噢,对不起,我不知道这里有人。
c) LET/ALLOWused to ask someone politely to move so that you can walk past 借光,借过〔用于礼貌地请求别人让路〕
 Excuse me, could I just squeeze past?
借光,请让我过去一下好吗?
d) LEAVE A PLACEused to politely tell someone that you are leaving a place 抱歉〔用于礼貌地表示要离开〕
 Excuse me a moment. I’ll be right back.
抱歉,我失陪一会儿,马上就回来。
e) DISAGREEused when you disagree with someone but want to be polite about it 请原谅〔用于礼貌地表示反对〕 SYN I’m sorry
 Excuse me, but I don’t think that’s what he meant at all.
请原谅,不过我认为他绝对不是这个意思。
f) American EnglishAmESORRY/APOLOGIZE used to show that you disagree with someone or are very surprised or upset by what they have just said 请原谅,很抱歉〔用于表示不同意某人的意见或对其所说的话感到意外或不快〕
 ‘You’re going to pay, right?’ ‘Excuse me?’
你来付钱,对吗?”“你说什么?
g) especially American EnglishAmEREPEAT used to ask someone to repeat something that they have just said 请再说一遍 SYN pardon me
 ‘What time is it?’ ‘Excuse me?’ ‘I asked you what time it is.’
现在几点了?”“对不起,你说什么?”“我问你现在几点了。
Examples from the Corpus
2 forgive 原谅FORGIVE to forgive someone for doing something that is not seriously wrong, such as being rude or careless 原谅〔某人的小错〕
 I’ll excuse you this time, but don’t be late again.
这次我原谅你,但别再迟到了。
 Please excuse my bad handwriting.
请原谅,我的字写得不好。
excuse somebody for (doing) something
 Please excuse me for being so late today.
请原谅,我今天来得太晚了。
 Smith can be excused for his lack of interest in the course (=his lack of interest is reasonable).
史密斯对这门课不感兴趣是情有可原的。
Register
In informal situations, people often say sorry about …, sorry for doing ... or sorry I … rather than asking someone to excuse something: 在非正式的场合中,人们常说 sorry about ...sorry for doing ... sorry I...,而不说请某人excuse something
Sorry about my handwriting.
对不起,我的字写得不好。
Sorry for being so late, or Sorry I’m so late.
对不起,我来得太晚了。
3 from a duty 免除责任LET/ALLOW to allow someone not to do something that they are supposed to do 免除〔某人〕的责任
be excused from (doing) something
 Can I be excused from swimming today? I have a cold.
我今天能不游泳吗?我感冒了。
nGrammar
Excuse is usually passive in this meaning.
4 explain 解释REASON to be or give a good reason for someone’s careless or offensive behaviour 开脱;给找理由
 Nothing can excuse that kind of rudeness.
什么也无法为那种粗鲁行为开脱。
5 from a place 离开某处LET/ALLOW to give someone permission to leave a place 准许离开
6 excuse yourself to say politely that you need to leave a place 礼貌地告辞
Examples from the Corpus
7. excuse me (for living)! spokenOFFEND used to show that you are annoyed when someone has told you that you have done something wrong 实在对不住了!
Examples from the Corpus
ex·cuse2 /ɪkˈskjuːs/ ●●● S3 noun [countableC]  
1 REASONa reason that you give to explain careless or offensive behaviour 辩解的〕理由
2 REASONa reason that you invent to explain an action and to hide your real intentions 虚假的理由;托词;借口
3 there is no excuse for something used to say that someone’s behaviour is too bad to be explained or accepted 某事怎么说都不对
Examples from the Corpus
4 make your excuses EXPLAINto explain why you are not able to do something 解释为何不能做某事
Examples from the Corpus
5 a poor/rotten etc excuse for something BAD ATused when you think someone or something is very bad 极差的;极不称职的
Examples from the Corpus
6. American EnglishAmEREASON a note written by your doctor or one of your parents saying that you were ill on a particular day 病假条 SYN British English sick note
COLLOCATIONSMeanings 1 & 2
verbs
make up/think up/invent an excuse 编造借口
I made up some excuse about my car breaking down.
我编了个借口,说我的车抛锚了。
nWe’d better think up an excuse, fast.
make excuses for somebody/something (=give reasons which try to explain why someone has made a mistake or behaved badly) 为某人/某事找借口
His mother was always making excuses for her son's behaviour.
他妈妈总是为儿子的行为找借口。
use something as an excuse 拿某事物当借口
She never complained or used her illness as an excuse.
她从不抱怨,也不拿自己的病当借口。
look for an excuse 找借口
I began to look for excuses to avoid seeing him.
我开始寻找种种借口,避免和他见面。
give an excuse 给出理由
I'll have to give my boss some kind of excuse.
我总得给我老板一个理由。
believe/accept an excuse 相信/接受理由
She didn’t believe his excuse for one minute.
她压根儿不相信他的借口。
have an excuse 有理由
Companies have no excuse for breaking the law.
公司没有任何理由违反法律。
adjectives
a good excuse 好借口
A sunny day is a good excuse to go to the beach.
天气晴朗就应该到海滩去。
na wonderful excuse (=a very good excuse)
A wedding is a wonderful excuse to buy a new outfit.
a reasonable/plausible excuse (=one that other people will believe) 可以接受的/说得过去的理由
If your train was cancelled, that is a perfectly reasonable excuse.
要是你那班火车被取消了,那可就是个再好不过的理由。
a legitimate/valid excuse (=one that is true and that other people cannot criticize) 正当/合理的理由
He didn’t have a legitimate excuse for being late.
他迟到了,没有正当的理由。
the perfect excuse 极好的借口
The phone call gave me the perfect excuse to leave.
这个电话正好让我有借口离开。
a feeble/flimsy/weak excuse (=one that is difficult to believe) 无力/不可信的借口
Joe muttered some feeble excuse about having a headache.
乔嘟嘟哝哝地搪塞说他头痛。
a pathetic/lame excuse (=very weak) 牵强的/站不住脚的借口
nThat’s the most pathetic excuse I’ve ever heard.
the usual excuse/the same old excuse 惯常的借口/老一套借口
nHe made the usual excuses for not coming.
nWhenever the trains are late, it's always the same old excuse.
a convenient excuse 现成的借口
nThe rioting provided the government with a convenient excuse not to hold an election.
phrases
use every excuse in the book (=use every possible excuse) 千方百计找借口
He used every excuse in the book to avoid seeing the doctor.
他千方百计找借口不去看病。
at the slightest excuse (=for any reason, however unimportant) 以很小的事为借口
She comes to our house at the slightest excuse.
她动不动就借故到我们家来。
Examples from the Corpus
Origin excuse1
(1400-1500) Old French excuser, from Latin excusare, from causa cause, explanation
TOEFL IELTS BNC: 3182 COCA: 3484
excuse

noun¹

1reason given給出的理由ADJECTIVE | VERB + EXCUSE | PREPOSITION | PHRASES ADJECTIVEperfect, wonderful完美的藉口;巧妙的藉口excellent, good, great, legitimate, valid極好的藉口;正當的理由convincing, decent, plausible, reasonable令人信服的/體面的/貌似可信的/合情合理的理由acceptable可接受的理由an acceptable excuse for missing school可接受的缺課理由bad, feeble, flimsy, lame, lousy, pathetic, poor, weak (especially NAmE) 糟糕的藉口;牽強的藉口;蹩腳的藉口;勉強的藉口convenient, easy, handy方便的藉口;容易找的藉口The children provided a convenient excuse for missing the party.孩子們為沒有參加聚會隨便找了個藉口。dumb, ridiculous, stupid荒唐的/可笑的/愚蠢的藉口He made up some stupid excuse to the teachers.他編了個愚蠢的藉口來應付老師。standard, usual通常的藉口built-in (NAmE) 現成的藉口a built-in excuse for failure為失敗找的一個現成的藉口possible可以用作藉口的說法What possible excuse could he have?他還能有什麼藉口?every每一個藉口She seized on every excuse to avoid doing the work.為避免做這件事她抓住每一個藉口。the slightest最微不足道的藉口He became moody and unreasonable, flailing out at Katherine at the slightest excuse.他變得喜怒無常、不可理喻,為點兒雞毛蒜皮的小事就毆打凱瑟琳。VERB + EXCUSEhave有藉口He had no excuse for being so late.他對自己遲到這麼久找不出藉口。give, make, offer給出藉口;作出解釋;提供理由She made some feeble excuse about the car having broken down.她編造了汽車拋錨這麼個蹩腳的理由。You don't have to make excuses for her (= try to think of reasons for her actions).你不用替她找藉口。It's late. I'm afraid I'll have to make my excuses (= say I'm sorry, give my reasons and leave).時間不早了,抱歉,恐怕我得走了。give sb, offer sb, provide (sb with)讓某人有藉口; ( 給某人 ) 提供理由Delivering the stuff for George gave me an excuse to take the car.給喬治遞送材料給我提供了用車的理由。Her mother's illness provided her with an excuse to stay at home.她母親生病使她有藉口待在家裏。need需要藉口look for尋找藉口create, find, invent, make up, think of, think up製造藉口;找到藉口;編造藉口;想出藉口She had to find a valid excuse for leaving the room.她需要找一個合理的藉口離開房間。He made up a rather lame excuse for the work being late.他為拖延工作編了一個相當沒有說服力的藉口。use sth as用⋯作為藉口The political crisis is being used as an excuse to dock people's pay.政治危機被用作扣減工資的藉口。run out of用盡藉口He's run out of excuses for not cleaning his room.他再也找不到不清掃房間的理由了。become變成藉口Don't let perfectionism become an excuse for never getting started.不要藉口追求完美而從不行動。mumble嘟嘟囔囔說出藉口Justin mumbled some excuse and left.賈斯廷嘟囔了個藉口就離開了。accept, believe, buy (informal, especially NAmE) 接受藉口;相信有理由hear聽到藉口I don't want to hear any more excuses.我不想再聽任何藉口。reject拒絕接受藉口PREPOSITIONexcuse about關於⋯的藉口He invented a pathetic excuse about losing his watch.他為丟錶編了一個站不住腳的藉口。excuse for為⋯的藉口It's just an excuse for a party.這只不過是找個藉口聚會罷了。PHRASESthere is no excuse for...為⋯無可辯解There's no excuse for such conduct.這種行為說不過去。
excuse

noun²

2bad example of sth壞的典型ADJECTIVE | PREPOSITION ADJECTIVElousy, miserable, pathetic, pitiful, poor, sad, sorry (especially NAmE) 蹩腳貨;拙劣的東西;糟糕的樣辦She's a pitiful excuse for an actress.她是一個蹩腳的女演員。a sorry excuse for a man差勁的男人PREPOSITIONexcuse for⋯的拙劣樣品Why get involved with that pathetic excuse for a human being?為什麼跟那個討厭的傢伙混在一起 ?
TOEFL IELTS BNC: 3182 COCA: 3484
excuse noun
reason
excuse verb
exempt (be excused from giving evidence) forgive (excuse the mess)
TOEFL IELTS BNC: 3182 COCA: 3484
excuse
Reasons and excuses: reason, excuse, point...
To forgive or excuse: forgive, excuse, let off...

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