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IELTS BNC: 3562 COCA: 5933

refusal

Word family 
re·fus·al /rɪˈfjuːzəl/ ●●○ noun [countableC, uncountableU]  
REFUSEwhen you say firmly that you will not do, give, or accept something 拒绝，回绝
refusal to do something
 His refusal to pay the fine got him into even more trouble.
他拒付罚金，这下麻烦更大了。
flat/blunt/point-blank refusal (=an immediate direct refusal) 直截了当的拒绝
 His request was met with a blunt refusal.
他的要求遭到断然拒绝。
refusal of
 They couldn’t understand her refusal of a scholarship to Yale.
他们无法理解她为什么拒绝耶鲁大学的奖学金。
n COLLOCATIONS
adjectives
a stubborn/obstinate refusal (=a refusal even when others think this is unreasonable)
Her stubborn refusal to admit the truth was trying his patience.
a flat/outright refusal (=definite and direct)
She had not anticipated a flat refusal.
a point-blank refusal (=immediate, direct, and without a reason)
This point-blank refusal to discuss the issue enraged him.
a blunt refusal (=honest and direct but likely to upset someone)
A blunt refusal to help will simply damage relations further.
a polite refusal
My request was met with a polite refusal.
Examples from the Corpus
refusal• Refusal to do military service was a criminal offence.• It is a restlessness, a refusal to longterm relationships, that has typified both his public and private life.• There was an association between refusal and having a younger sibling.• His request for a bigger room met with a blunt refusal.• There'd been a chorus of objection then and a flat refusal from Becky to stay with the younger children.• He was upset by her refusal.• She must understand the consequences of her refusal to accept medical treatment.• Kelly Johnson was a curmudgeon, but he was revered at the Skunk Works for his refusal to compromise about airplanes.• The great imperial Zanuck was not amused at Boyo Burton's refusal and tried to force his hand.• His argument seemed to be based fearlessly on the refusal to recognise what is already public knowledge about our plans.
refusal to do something• Certainly we need to fear a refusal to change our ways.• Some people's sensation of disbelief extends into a refusal to think about their illness at all.• Remember that it is not only a refusal to perform your normal duties which can amount to gross misconduct.• A refusal to cede two weeks of winter to the dark forces of routine.• Also prohibited is any refusal to engage meaningfully with the opponent.• His refusal to forswear moonshine, however, mocked her with the most painful failure of all.• Britain was not entirely alone in its refusal to become involved in the Schuman plan.• Mitterrand and Lecanuet portrayed the General's refusal to campaign as contempt for the democratic process.• Samuelson's refusal to take a drug test cost him his job.
From Longman Business Dictionary
refusalre·fus·al /rɪˈfjuːzəl/ noun
give/offer someone first refusal to let someone be the first to decide whether they want to buy something you are selling before you offer it to other people
If you ever sell the business I’d like to be offered first refusal.
re·fus·al noun →n COLLOCATIONS1
LDOCE Online
Chinese
Syllable
Corpus
IELTS BNC: 3562 COCA: 5933
refusal

noun

ADJECTIVE | VERB + REFUSAL | PREPOSITION | PHRASES ADJECTIVE➤absolute, adamant, blank, blunt, complete, flat, outright, point-blank, utter無條件的拒絕；堅決的拒絕；直截了當的拒絕；斷然拒絕；全然拒絕；乾脆的拒絕◇the panel's point-blank refusal to release the information委員會斷然拒絕披露信息◇her utter refusal to do anything to help她全然拒絕幫任何忙➤continued, continuing, deliberate, obstinate, persistent, repeated, resolute, staunch, steadfast, stubborn, wilful/willful不斷拒絕；故意拒絕；堅決拒絕；一再拒絕；固執的拒絕◇the enemy's steadfast refusal to accept defeat敵人頑固地拒不認輸➤polite禮貌的拒絕➤apparent明顯的拒絕➤initial最初的拒絕▸➤first (BrE) 優先購買權◇If you decide to sell your car, I hope you'll give me first refusal (= the opportunity to buy it before it is offered to others).你要是決定把車賣掉，我希望你能給我優先購買權。VERB + REFUSAL➤be met by, be met with遭到拒絕◇Her appeals for funds to support the cause were met with outright refusals.她為支持這一事業而籌集資金的呼籲遭到了斷然拒絕。➤accept接受拒絕◇He accepted my refusal with a shrug.他聳聳肩，對我的拒絕表示了接受。PREPOSITION➤refusal by, refusal of⋯的拒絕◇a refusal by a patient to accept the recommended treatment病人對推薦的治療方案的拒絕PHRASES➤a refusal of consent (law法律, BrE) 拒絕同意◇a refusal of consent to blood transfusions不同意輸血➤refusal on... grounds (especially BrE) 依據⋯的拒絕◇their refusal on religious grounds to perform military service出於宗教原因，他們拒絕服兵役
IELTS BNC: 3562 COCA: 5933
refusal

noun

refusal ♦︎ veto ♦︎ rejection ♦︎ denial ♦︎ rebuff ♦︎ noThese are all words for the act of saying or showing that you do not accept sth or will not allow sth. 这些词均表示拒绝、回绝。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆a refusal / rejection / rebuff / no from sb◆a refusal / veto / rejection / rebuff by sb◆a rebuff / no to sb / sth◆a / an outright / firm / blanket refusal / rejection / no◆a complete refusal / veto / rejection◆to receive / be met with a refusal / rejection / rebuff◆to give (sb) a refusal / rejection / no■ refusal [uncountable, countable] an act of saying or showing that you will not do, give or accept sth, especially that you will not do what sb has asked you to do or not accept sth that has been offered to you 拒绝（要求做的事、给予或接受）；回绝◆There were a number of reasons given for the refusal of the application.这个申请被拒绝有多种原因。◆His refusal to discuss the matter is very annoying.他拒绝商量这件事，令人很恼火。◆What do you do in the case of a refusal by a patient to accept treatment?要是病人拒绝接受治疗，你怎么做？OPP agreement , acceptance ⇨ approval , consent ⇨ permission ■ veto ˈviːtəʊ; NAmE ˈviːtoʊ(plural vetoes) [countable, uncountable] the right to refuse to allow sth to be done, especially the right to stop a law from being passed or a decision from being taken （尤指阻止法律或决议通过的）否决权◆The president has a veto on / over all political appointments.总统对所有政治任命拥有否决权。◆The British government used its veto to block the proposal.英国政府行使其否决权阻止了这项提案。◆The Ministry of Defence has the power of veto over all arms exports.国防部对所有武器出口拥有否决权。  see also veto ⇨ ban noun ■ rejection rɪˈdʒekʃn [uncountable, countable] the act of saying or showing that you will not accept, use or consider sb/sth 拒绝（接受、使用或考虑）；退回◆It takes a very buoyant personality to cope with constant rejection.应对接二连三的拒绝需要非常乐天的个性。◆Eventually, after months of rejections, she was offered a job.经历了几个月的求职碰壁之后，她终于得到了一份工作。◆Another rejection letter arrived this morning.今天上午收到了另一封回绝信。OPP acceptance ⇨ approval ■ denial dɪˈnaɪəl [countable, uncountable] a refusal to allow sb to have sth that they have a right to expect 拒绝给予，剥夺（应有的权利）◆This advertising ban is a denial of freedom of speech.这个广告禁令是对言论自由的剥夺。◆Pressure groups have drawn attention to the denial of human rights in some areas.压力集团已让某些地区剥夺人权的状况受到关注。■ rebuff rɪˈbʌf [countable] (rather formal) an unkind refusal of a friendly offer, request or suggestion （对善意的提议、要求或建议的）粗暴回绝，生硬拒绝◆In a rebuff to the president, Congress voted against the bill.国会回绝了总统的要求，投票反对该项法案。◆Her offer has met with a sharp rebuff.她主动帮忙，却遭到断然拒绝。■ no (plural noes) [countable] (rather informal) an answer that shows that you do not agree with sth or do not accept sth 否定的回答◆I think that's a no to the first question.我认为那是对第一个问题的否定回答。◆Can you give me a straight yes or no?“是”还是“否”，你能不能给我个直截了当的回答？◆When we took a vote there were nine yesses and 3 noes.我们投票表决，有九人赞同，三人反对。OPP yes
IELTS BNC: 3562 COCA: 5933
refusal
Refusals and the act of refusing: refusal, silence, denial...

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