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TOEFL BNC: 2696 COCA: 2665

burden

Word family 
bur·den1 /ˈbɜːdn $ ˈbɜːrdn/ ●○○ noun  
1  [countableC]RESPONSIBLE something difficult or worrying that you are responsible for 重担，负担
 His family responsibilities had started to become a burden.
家庭责任已开始成为他的负担。
burden of
 The burden of taxation has risen considerably.
税务负担大大加重了。
burden on
 I don’t like being a burden on other people.
我不想成为别人的负担。
bear/carry the burden
 If things go wrong he will bear the burden of guilt.
如果有什么差错，他就会背上内疚的包袱。
the tax/financial/debt burden 税务/财务/债务负担
2. the burden of proof PROVE law the duty to prove that something is true 举证责任
Examples from the Corpus
the burden of proof• This is similar to a negligence test, but in the statutory action the burden of proof is on the employer.• Is the potential for misidentification any less when the defence bear the burden of proof?• Is that because of the racial difference or the difference in the burden of proof in criminal and civil cases?• Gullibility is another name for misplacing the burden of proof.• Moreover both counsel would shortly before the summing-up have reminded the jury of the burden of proof.• There is the important question of the reversal of the burden of proof.• Here the prospect of building an ethic on spontaneity and awareness brings about an unexpected shift of the burden of proof.• People even disagree on whether the burden of proof here lies with the atheists or the believers.
3. CARRY[countableC] something that is carried 担子；负荷 SYN load
→ beast of burden
n COLLOCATIONS
verbs
bear/carry/shoulder the burden (=be responsible for something)
At the age of 16, Suzy bore the burden of providing for her family.
place/put a burden on somebody
This situation places the main burden of family care on women.
share the burden
I was glad my brother was there to share the burden.
ease/reduce/lighten the burden
Smaller classes would ease the burden for teachers.
shift the burden (=change who carries it)
The tax shifts the burden towards the rich.
a burden falls on somebody
The tax burden falls most heavily upon the poorest people.
lift the burden from somebody's shoulders
If I deal with the all the practical problems, that will lift the burden from your shoulders.
ADJECTIVES/NOUN + burden
a heavy/great burden
Caring for elderly relatives can be a heavy burden.
a financial burden
the financial burden of a large mortgage
a tax burden
These changes will ease the tax burden for small businesses.
a debt burden
He made a serious attempt ease the country's debt burden.
an intolerable burden (=very hard to bear)
Too many exams can place an intolerable burden on young people.
an unfair/undue burden
The new legislation put an unfair burden on employers.
phrases
the burden of responsibility
He felt unable to cope with the burden of responsibility.
the burden of taxation
The burden of taxation falls more heavily on the poor.
Examples from the Corpus
burden• Running the business on my own can be a burden at times.• I don't want to be a burden to my children when I'm old.• A burden on even the sunniest temperaments, never mind those suffering from inordinate melancholia.• It is women who have traditionally borne the daily burden of caring for ill parents, children, relatives and friends.• She has three children and heavy financial burdens at home.• Wives bore a greater burden in dealing with these daily difficulties than did their preoccupied husbands.• After his attentions she supposed he would propose marriage and relieve her of the odious burden of Rushworth.• We need to reduce the tax burden of middle-income Americans.• But they bore the burden anyway.• Carrying the burdens of leadership is never an easy task.• Non-domestic rates are also regressive but various measures have sought to ease the burden.• The minister has the burden of explaining why he must raise taxes.• She added, by way of conversation, that she must wait patiently to be relieved of the burden of living.• Coupled with the financial implications if carers decided they could no longer shoulder this burden the case for supporting respite care becomes overwhelming.
burden2 verb  
1  be burdened with/by something PROBLEMto have a lot of problems because of a particular thing 被某事所困扰；承受某事的负担
 a company burdened with debt
债务缠身的公司
→ unburden
Examples from the Corpus
be burdened with/by something• The colliery is struggling to fulfil its contracts and is burdened by £1.7 million in debts.• Malthus was burdened by a fatalism induced by fears of population growth and resource shortages.• In the county gaols of Gloucester and Dorchester it was only debtors who were burdened with fees.• Apple is burdened with higher development costs than its competition; yet it has had to cut prices to compete.• Poor Griet is burdened by more than having to scrub the Vermeer family smalls in this fictional biography of a painting.• Alas! the centuries are fraught with pain, and man is burdened by fear and woe.• Surgeons should not be burdened with the responsibility of assessing their own degree of risk.• James Madison, who was burdened with the War of 1812, was branded as both a warmonger and a coward.
2. be burdened with something CARRYto be carrying something heavy 负载着某物，背负着某物
Examples from the Corpus
be burdened with something• The man, burdened with grocery bags, had trouble walking up the steps.• The 20-year-old was burdened with a far heavier load during those pre- dawn hours.• In the county gaols of Gloucester and Dorchester it was only debtors who were burdened with fees.• After all, few are burdened with having to complete annual income tax returns.• Apple is burdened with higher development costs than its competition; yet it has had to cut prices to compete.• People will then not have to be burdened with the labels of friction and division.• Surgeons should not be burdened with the responsibility of assessing their own degree of risk.• James Madison, who was burdened with the War of 1812, was branded as both a warmonger and a coward.• Older manufacturing companies are burdened with tremendous health care costs for retired employees.
Examples from the Corpus
burden• I did not burden him, though he seemed to feel burdened.• Richard was riding towards her and he seemed weighted down as well, as if his armour burdened him.• Heavy public spending burdened its economy.• An excellent means of putting money in the pockets of the poor without burdening taxpayers.• The past does not burden the present - but you learn by it, and do not repeat your mistakes.• Clinton was initially burdened with a do-nothing fund-raiser, but quickly replaced him with a young whiz named Rahm Emanuel.• Reva Bergen trudged up the steep walk, burdened with grocery sacks.• I hate to burden you with this.
From Longman Business Dictionary
burdenbur·den /ˈbɜːdnˈbɜːrdn/ noun [countableC]
1something that causes people a lot of difficulty or worry
In less prosperous areas the taxes were, for many, such a burden that they lived in poverty.
2particular costs such as taxes or interest payments seen as a problem, especially when they are high
the burden of local rates that each company located in the area must pay
New regulations can put a heavy cost burden on small businesses.
The rise in the US tax burden (=the amount of tax that people and companies have to pay) has not been due to military spending, but to welfare.
They want a $10,000 limit on deductions for state and local income taxes as a way to increase the tax burden on the rich.
→ debt burden
3LAW a duty that someone has legally or officially promised to do
The holder of the bill of lading would assume the burden (=take the responsibility) of becoming subject to contractual liabilities.
Origin burden1
Old English byrthen
bur·den1 noun →n COLLOCATIONS1burden2 verb
LDOCE Online
Chinese
Syllable
Corpus
TOEFL BNC: 2696 COCA: 2665
burden

noun¹

 1responsibility/worry責任；擔憂ADJECTIVE | VERB + BURDEN | BURDEN + VERB | PREPOSITION | PHRASES ADJECTIVE➤enormous, great, heavy, huge, onerous, significant, substantial, terrible, tremendous重負◇The need to protect the nation places a heavy burden on the shoulders of state leaders.保衞國家是壓在國家領導人肩上的重任。◇The war was a huge burden on the economy.這場戰爭給經濟帶來巨大負擔。➤crippling, crushing, intolerable無法承受的負擔➤undue, unfair過度的／不公平的負擔➤added, additional, extra額外的負擔➤increased增加的負擔▸➤administrative, debt, economic, emotional, financial, regulatory, tax行政／債務／經濟／感情／財政／管理／稅務負擔VERB + BURDEN➤bear, carry承受負擔◇The manager carries the greatest burden of responsibility.經理擔當的責任最大。➤assume, shoulder, take on承擔責任；肩負責任◇She had to shoulder the burden of childcare.她不得不擔起照顧孩子的重擔。➤impose, place, put加負擔於◇His illness placed an intolerable burden on his family.他的病給家庭帶來了無法承受的負擔。➤create產生負擔➤be, become是負擔；成為負擔➤feel感到負擔◇He was beginning to feel a burden to his family.他開始覺得自己對家人是個累贅。➤increase增加負擔▸➤ease, lessen, lighten, reduce, relieve減輕負擔▸➤lift, remove, take解除／去掉／承受負擔◇The administrative burden must be lifted from local government.必須解除地方政府的行政負擔。➤shift轉移重擔◇plans to shift the burden of taxation onto larger companies將稅負轉移給較大公司的計劃➤share分擔負擔◇I need to share my burden with someone.我需要其他人來分擔我的重負。BURDEN + VERB➤fall on sb/sth負擔落在⋯上◇The economic burden falls mainly on businesses.經濟負擔主要落在各家企業頭上。PREPOSITION➤burden for給⋯的負擔◇a burden for the whole family帶給全家人的負擔➤burden of⋯的負擔◇the burden of high taxation重稅的負擔◇She carried a huge burden of guilt for what she had done.她對自己的所作所為深感內疚。➤burden on, burden upon加在⋯上的負擔◇Reducing taxes would ease the financial burden on families.減稅將會減輕家庭的經濟負擔。➤burden to對⋯的負擔◇She felt she was a burden to her parents.她感覺自己是父母的負擔。PHRASES➤the burden of proof (= the responsibility of proving that sth is true) (law法律) 舉證責任◇The burden of proof falls on the prosecution: the accused is presumed innocent until proved guilty.舉證責任在控方：除非被證實有罪，否則就假定被告無罪。➤have a burden on your shoulders肩負重擔◇He has the burden of a large family on his shoulders.他肩負着養活一大家子人的重擔。➤the burden of doing sth做⋯的重任➤lift the burden from sb's shoulders, take the burden off sb's shoulders解除某人肩上的重擔
burden

noun²

 2heavy load重負VERB + BURDEN | PHRASES VERB + BURDEN➤carry帶着重負◇The women carried their burdens on their backs.那些女人背負重物。➤pick up拿起重物▸➤lay down, put down放下重物PHRASES➤a beast of burden役畜
TOEFL BNC: 2696 COCA: 2665
burden noun
⇨ cargo (She shifted her burden from one arm to the other.) ⇨ responsibility (the burden of caring for the elderly)
TOEFL BNC: 2696 COCA: 2665

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