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TOEFL IELTS BNC: 971 COCA: 1015

surface

Word family 
sur·face1 /ˈsɜːfɪs $ ˈsɜːr-/ ●●● S3 W1 noun [countableC]
1  water/land 水/陸地SURFACE the top layer of an area of water or land 表面，面
surface of
Dead leaves floated on the surface of the water.
凋落的樹葉漂浮在水面。
Nearly 10% of the Earth’s surface is covered by ice.
地球表面將近 10% 被冰層覆蓋。
Gas bubbles in any liquid tend to rise to the surface.
在任何液體中氣泡往往都會浮到表面。
beneath/under/below the surface
The tunnel was some 300 feet below the surface.
隧道在地表以下約 300 英尺深處。
2  outside/top layer 外層/表層 the outside or top layer of something 〔物體的〕外層，表層，面
surface of
the surface of the vase
花瓶的表面
The road surfaces tend to be worse in the towns than in the country.
城鎮裏的路面往往比鄉村的差。
a frying pan with a non-stick surface
表面不粘的平底煎鍋
on something’s surface
mold growing on the cheese’s surface
長在幹酪表面的黴菌
3  PERSON/SITUATION ETC 人/形勢等the surface SEEMthe qualities, emotions etc of someone or something that are easy to notice, but which are not the only or not the real qualities, emotions etc 外表
on the surface
On the surface, it seems a simple story.
從表面看，這似乎是一個簡單的故事。
Half an hour later, Enid had calmed down, at least on the surface.
半小時後伊妮德平靜下來了，至少表面上是這樣。
beneath the surface
I sensed a lot of tension and jealousy beneath the surface.
我感覺到表面上平靜無事，但暗藏着重重的緊張和猜忌。
Prejudice is never far beneath the surface (=often appears) in the region.
在這個地區，偏見時常都存在。
rise/be brought/come to the surface
Violence has risen to the surface in the inner city.
暴力活動已在舊城區浮現。
Examples from the Corpus
rise/be brought/come to the surface• Three men, including one called Andrew Cunningham, were brought to the surface to erect the fence.• Most of this was brought to the surface last century, when mining of other metals was also important.
4  for working on 供工作用SURFACE a flat area on the top of a cupboard, table, desk etc, that you use for cooking or working on 桌面，台面；〔某物的〕面
work/kitchen surface
Keep kitchen surfaces clean and tidy.
保持廚房台面幹淨整潔。
Work on a clean, flat surface.
在幹淨平整的桌面上操作。
5  side of an object 物體的面SURFACE one of the sides of an object 〔物體的一個〕面
How many surfaces does a cube have?
一個立方體有幾個面？
→ scratch the surface at scratch1(8)
n COLLOCATIONS – Meaning 2: the outside or top layer of something
adjectives
the upper/top surface
The upper surface of the leaf is dull green.
the outer/inner surface
The outer surface of the shell is ridged.
smooth
Marble provides a cool smooth surface.
rough
I reached out and touched the rough surface of the stone wall.
textured (=not smooth, because of its design)
Many floor tiles have textured surfaces to make them less slippery underfoot.
hard
The path has a hard surface suitable for wheelchairs and pushchairs.
shiny
This type of cloth has a shiny surface on one side.
polished
I didn't want to spill anything on the polished surface of the table.
slippery
The sign read: ‘Beware: slippery surface.’
flat
Put the compass on a flat surface.
Examples from the Corpus
surface• When using glue, make sure both surfaces are completely clean.• Fitted carefully, they make a very nice and durable surface.• Half-empty glasses covered every flat surface in the room.• the moon's surface• The moon's surface is covered with rocks and dust.• A cube has six surfaces.• Benches with reversible tops give the option of either a smooth surface or recessed gravel trays for summer and are particularly useful.• The clay is about a metre below the surface of the soil.• Exfoliators remove dead cells from the surface of your skin.• Microwaves create very short, high energy radio-waves which agitate and heat water molecules on or near the surface of foods.• Since different molecules absorb different colours, this microscope can be used to make a microscopic chemical analysis of the surface.• Leaves floated on the surface of the pool.• The first astronomer to study the surface of Mars was Galileo Galilei, who noted the phases of the planet in 1610.• She watched as the bubbles rose to the surface and popped.• But afraid of the stinging jellyfish that shimmered, ghostlike, underneath the surface, I never even tried.• The look can be quaint or dated, but most people who buy an old house long to update the surfaces.• The plant has light green leaves with silver marks on their upper surfaces.• In a kitchen all work surfaces should be kept spotlessly clean.• Pour out the flour on a clean work surface.
beneath/under/below the surface• But beneath the surface, reformist sentiments are bubbling ever more vigorously.• These shrimp live 3,600 meters below the surface, far beyond the reach of sunlight.• The mud beneath the surface dragged at his boots, which seemed to be weighted with lead.• Whitewater, which for a season has dropped out of the headlines, continues to percolate beneath the surface.• It was shimmering under the surface as it had been all afternoon.• He fought sleep but still dozed off, waking with a sputter when he slipped under the surface.• They swim beneath the surface with sharp black fins, waiting to attack.
work/kitchen surface• To make phyllo triangles, place one phyllo sheet on a dry work surface vertically.• Again, facilities for rapid cooking will probably be important, plus easy-to-clean floors, work surfaces and cupboards.• Noury lightly flours her work surface and rolling pin.• Fitted with a matching range of timber trimmed wall and base units with laminated work surfaces over.• He ate it standing up by the sink, and deliberately left the little pot on the marble work surface.• But her room offered neither work surface nor adequate light.• Place poussin halves on work surface, bone side down.• Lightly flour your work surface and rolling pin.
Related topics: Construction
surface2 verb
1  HIDE/NOT SHOW#[intransitiveI] if information, feelings, or problems surface, they become known about or easy to notice 〔信息、情感或問題〕顯露，暴露；公開
surface in
Rumors about the killings have begun to surface in the press.
有關這些殺人事件的傳聞開始見諸報端。
the jealousy that had surfaced in her
她表現出來的嫉妒
2  WAKE UP/GET UP[intransitiveI] if someone or something surfaces, they suddenly appear somewhere, especially after being gone or hidden for a long time 〔尤在消失或隐藏一段長時間後〕露面；重新出現；顯露 SYN pop up
Last year Toole surfaced again in Cuba.
去年圖爾再次在古巴露面。
3  APPEAR[intransitiveI] to rise to the surface of water 浮出水面
divers surfacing near the boat
在小船附近浮出水面的潛水者
4  [intransitiveI] British EnglishBrE informal to get out of bed, especially late 起床；〔尤指〕晚起
Joe never surfaces before midday on Sunday.
喬在星期天不睡到中午是絕不會起床的。
5. [transitiveT]TBCTTR to put a surface on a road 給…鋪路面
Examples from the Corpus
surface• More problems surfaced after the king fell ill.• In fact many of them were pre-1917 private traders who surfaced again after 1921.• He surfaced from his thoughts and turned back to the room.• When Greene surfaced from the war in the mid-1940s the literary friendship resumed.• But to its surprise, the task force surfaced growing complaints.• Rumors about the killings have begun to surface in the press.• The other 30 pictures surfaced just last month.• Suddenly one whale surfaced right beside our boat.• Now it was Alain's face that surfaced when she let down her guard.• "Have you seen Cathy?'' "No, she hasn't surfaced yet.''
surface3 adjectiveadj [only before noun]
1  relating to the part of the army, navy etc that travels by land or on the sea, rather than by air or under the sea 〔軍隊〕地面的，陸上的；海上的
the Navy’s surface forces
海軍海上部隊
2  SEEMappearing to be true or real, but not representing what someone really feels or what something is really like 表面 （上）的，外表的 SYN superficial
Beneath the surface calm, she felt very insecure.
她表面平靜，但内心感到非常不安。
Examples from the Corpus
surface• Beneath the surface calm, she felt insecure like everyone else.• the U.S. Navy Reserve Surface Fleet• a surface resemblance
surface forces• The difference in surface forces makes the water run uphill.• Small animals are dominated by surface forces other than gravity in ways unknown and unknowable to us.
Origin surface1
(1600-1700) French sur- ( → SURCHARGE) + face “face”
TOEFL IELTS BNC: 971 COCA: 1015
surface

noun

ADJECTIVE | VERB + SURFACE | SURFACE + NOUN | PREPOSITION | PHRASES ADJECTIVE➤even, flat, level, smooth平坦的表面；水平的表面；光滑的表面▸➤rough, uneven粗糙的／凹凸不平的表面▸➤curved彎曲的表面▸➤firm, hard, solid堅硬的／硬實的／結實的表面▸➤soft柔軟的表面▸➤slippery滑溜溜的表面▸➤calm, glassy, polished, reflective, shiny平靜的／光亮的／拋光的／反光的／閃光的表面◇the glassy surface of the lake光亮如鏡的湖面➤frozen結冰的表面◇The ball rolled onto the frozen surface of the pond.球滾到了池塘的冰面上。➤inner, interior, internal內表面◇the inner surface of a bone骨頭的內壁➤exterior, external, outer外表面▸➤lower, upper下表面；上表面▸➤water水面▸➤floor, ground, land, ocean, road, rock, sea, wall地板表面；地面；陸地表面；洋面；路面；岩石表面；海面；牆面▸➤kitchen, work, working廚房枱面；工作枱◇a cleaning product for all kitchen surfaces各種廚房枱面的清潔產品VERB + SURFACE➤come to, come up to, reach, rise to顯露；升上表面；到達表面➤hit到達表面▸➤bring sth to使⋯來到表面◇The captain brought the submarine to the surface.艇長使潛水艇升到水面上。➤coat, cover覆蓋／蓋住表面➤break, penetrate打破／穿透表面➤smooth使表面光滑◇Smooth the surface with a spatula.用抹刀把表面抹平。➤scratch, skim, touch (all figurative) 淺嘗輒止；隔靴搔癢◇The investigation barely scratched the surface of the city's drug problem.這次調查只是觸及了該城市毒品問題的表面。SURFACE + NOUN➤area表面面積▸➤level表面層▸➤layer表層◇the surface layer of the skin皮膚的表層➤temperature, tension表面溫度／張力▸➤water地表水◇Surface water made driving conditions hazardous.路面積水對行車安全構成隱患。PREPOSITION➤above the surface, on a/the surface, over the surface在表面上方；在表面上；表面上看◇A trail of flowers floated on the surface of the water.一串花漂浮在水面。◇The breeze created a slight ripple on the surface of the pond.微風讓池塘的水面泛起漣漪。◇On the surface his words were funny, but I detected a lot of anger behind them. (figurative) 他的話表面上好笑，但我覺察出這些話背後隱藏着一肚子怨氣。➤below the surface, beneath the surface, under the surface在表面以下；實際上◇The ring slowly sank beneath the surface of the mud pool.戒指慢慢沉入了泥潭。◇She gives the impression of being rather conventional, but under the surface she is wildly eccentric. (figurative) 她給人印象很傳統，實際上卻是個極不尋常的人。➤across the surface, along the surface橫穿表面；沿着表面➤in the surface在表層◇Cracks began to appear in the surface of the earth.地球表面開始出現裂縫。PHRASES➤the Earth's surface, the surface of the Earth地球表面◇Visible light from the sun passes through the atmosphere to the Earth's surface.太陽發出的可見光穿過大氣層照到地球表面。
TOEFL IELTS BNC: 971 COCA: 1015
surface verb
⇨ emerge
TOEFL IELTS BNC: 971 COCA: 1015

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