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TOEFL IELTS BNC: 1478 COCA: 1438

promise

Word family 
prom·ise1 /ˈprɒmɪs $ ˈprɑː-/ ●●● S2 W2 verb  
1  [intransitiveI, transitiveT]PROMISE to tell someone that you will definitely do or provide something or that something will happen 许诺，保证，答应
 Last night the headmaster promised a full investigation.
校长昨晚允诺进行全面调查。
promise to do something
 She’s promised to do all she can to help.
她答应尽力帮忙。
promise (that)
5his promise that the job would be mine
他作出的我将得到那份工作的承诺
 Hurry up – we promised we wouldn’t be late.
快点，我们保证过不会迟到的。
promise somebody (that)
 You promised me the car would be ready on Monday.
你答应过我车子星期一可以用。
 ‘Promise me you won’t do anything stupid.’ ‘I promise.’
“答应我你不会做蠢事。” 我答应。”
promise something to somebody
 I’ve promised that book to Ian, I’m afraid.
我已经答应把那本书给伊恩了，对不起。
promise somebody something
 The company promised us a bonus this year.
公司承诺今年给我们发奖金。
 ‘I’ll be back by 1.00.’ ‘Promise?’ ‘Yes! Don’t worry.’
“我1点钟前会回来。”“你保证？”“是的！别担心。”
 He reappeared two hours later, as promised.
就像他保证过的，他两小时后再次露面。
2  [transitiveT]EXPECT to show signs of something 预示…可能发生
promise to be something
 Tonight’s meeting promises to be a difficult one.
今晚的会议有可能不容易对付。
 dark clouds promising showers later
预示着稍后有阵雨的乌云
3. promise somebody the moon/the earth PROMISEto promise to give someone something that is impossible for you to give 向某人夸下海口
4  I can’t promise (anything) spokenPROMISE# used to tell someone that you will try to do what they want, but may not be able to 我无法保证
 I’ll try my best to get tickets, but I can’t promise anything.
我会尽我所能弄到门票，但我不能保证什么。
5  I promise you spoken used to emphasize a promise, warning, or statement 我保证
 I promise you, it does work!
我保你管用！
Examples from the Corpus
I promise you• It will only turn her to stone, I promise you.• We will find that ship, I promise you.• When we parted I promised I'd write about them.• You shall not be the losers by it, I promise you.• But I promise I won't be bad to you again.• There will, I promise you, be a final exam.• And I promise you something: I won't let the house get into a hovel.• It takes more than a few days but it goes again, just about. I promise you that.
n GRAMMAR: Patterns with promise
You promise to do something:
He promised to help.
You promise that you will do something:
I promise that I will come to your party.
You promise someone that you will do something:
I promise you that I will come.
You promised that you would do something:
She promised that she would come.
You promised someone that you would do something:
My parents promised me that they would buy me a new car.
✗Don’t say: My parents promised me to buy a new car.
You can also promise someone something:
My parents promised me a new car.
 THESAURUS
promise to tell someone that you will definitely do something, or that something will happen 许诺,答应
He promised to give the book back.
他答应要归还那本书。
The organisers have promised that this year’s event will take place.
组织者已承诺本年度的活动将会举行。
swear to make a very serious and sincere promise, for example in a law court 发誓,宣誓
He had sworn to tell the truth.
他宣誓说实话。
I would never do that, I swear.
我发誓决不会那么做的。
give somebody your word especially spoken to promise sincerely that you will do something or that something is true – often used when you are trying to persuade someone that they can trust you 向某人保证,答应某人 〔常用于劝说某人信任自己〕
I give you my word that your money is safe with me.
我向你保证,你的钱放在我这里很安全。
nI’ll let you go out tonight if you give me your word that you’ll be home by 11.
vow to make a very serious promise, often to yourself 〔常指对自己〕发誓
She vowed that she would never drink alcohol again.
她发誓再也不喝酒了。
They vowed to carry on their campaign for justice.
他们发誓要将正义运动继续下去。
assure to promise someone that something will happen or that something is true, in order to try to make them feel less worried 向…保证,使确信
Police have assured the public that they are doing everything they can to find the killer.
警方向公众保证他们在尽其所能抓捕凶手。
guarantee to promise that you will make sure that something will definitely happen, so that there is no question of it not happening 保证,担保
I guarantee that you will have the documents by tomorrow.
我保证明天你能拿到文件。
How can you guarantee that this won’t happen again?
你怎么能担保这种事不会再次发生？
pledge to promise publicly or officially that you will do something, for example to give help or money 〔公开或正式〕保证,许诺
The government has pledged to increase overseas aid to $4 billion over the next five years.
政府承诺未来五年将海外援助增加至40亿美元。
undertake formal to make an official or legal promise to do something 作出〔正式或法律的〕承诺,保证
The government undertook to keep price increases to a minimum.
政府许诺把物价上涨控制在最低限度。
The two sides undertook to respect each other’s territory.
双方承诺将相互尊重对方的领土。
commit to something formal to make a firm and definite promise to do something important, which will affect you for a long time and which could result in serious effects if you fail 承诺某事,投入于某事
Bobby felt unready to commit to a romantic relationship.
博比感觉自己还没有准备好投入一段感情中。
A group of 11 companies has committed to developing a new passenger plane.
11 家公司共同承诺开发一种新型客机。
Examples from the Corpus
promise• "I can't take you to the beach today, after all.'' "But you promised!''• Money promised for language classes and business start-ups did not arrive.• Tanui promised he would be looking out for news about me during the week.• He promises himself an easier workout tomorrow.• Have you assured yourself that you can deliver whatever value is promised in your set of products and services?• Since the Tory election win in April, Mr Major promised interest rates would come down.• I promised Jamie a ride to school this morning.• Richardson apologized and promised that appropriate action would be taken to fix the problem.• I promised the kids I'd take them to a movie.• Anything about the bond market promises to be long and dull.• The government had promised to investigate the cause of the accident.• Dole repeatedly promises veterans that he would not touch their benefits.
as promised• On Monday, the hostages were released as promised.• Inevitably, therefore, the government fails to deliver the goods as demanded, as expected, and sometimes even as promised.• Jarrett Keach reappeared two hours later, as promised.• Only make sure they pay you as promised.• The women spun the flax and were invited to the wedding as promised.• In Part Three of the present book, as promised, I shall celebrate the sacred power of Imagination.• I had been training throughout the winter and Andy, as promised, sneaked me some races in the summer.• On the inside, as promised, was a label, printed black on gold, scratched and ink-stained but clearly legible.
promise to be something• And what a morning it promises to be!• Educational standards promise to be a flash point in the presidential campaign this year.• All in all, it promises to be a huge weekend with a happy hour and disco etal.• Next year promises to be even better.• The circle seems unbroken, and now, in this new millennium, Showcase promises to be even more successful.• These promise to be of such importance that I shall briefly relate them here, before journeying north.• Their fleets soon arrived at Constantinople and the war promised to be the most wide-ranging since the fall of the first Napoleon.
promise2 ●●● S3 W2 noun  
1  [countableC]PROMISE a statement that you will definitely do or provide something or that something will definitely happen 保证，承诺，诺言
promise of
 We received promises of support from several MPs.
数名议员承诺支持我们。
promise to
 He would never break his promise to his father.
他决不会违背对父亲的承诺。
promise to do something
 She made a promise to visit them once a month.
她答应每个月去看他们一次。
npromise that
n I received a promise that this would not happen again.
2  [uncountableU]SIGN/INDICATION signs that something or someone will be good or successful 〔某事或某人将有好结果或成功的〕迹象，征兆
3  [singular, uncountableU] a sign that something, usually something good, may happen 迹象；〔通常指〕吉兆
 COLLOCATIONS – Meaning 1: a statement that you will definitely do or provide something or that something will definitely happen 保证，承诺，诺言
verbs
make a promise 承诺,许诺
I made a promise to my mother that I’d look after Dad.
我答应母亲我会照看父亲的。
keep a promise (also fulfil a promise British EnglishBrE, fulfill a promise American EnglishAmE formal) (=do what you promised to do) 信守诺言
She said she would come back, and she kept her promise.
她说过会回来的,她也说到做到了。
nThe mayor has fulfilled his promise to get tough on corruption.
break a promise (=not do what you promised to do) 食言
Once again, the government has broken its promises.
政府再一次食言了。
ngo back on your promise (=break it)
They were angry that the company had gone back on its promise.
nrenege on a promise formal (=break it)
It is tempting for the government to renege on its promise.
nhave somebody’s promise (=they have promised you something)
‘It’ll remain a secret?’ ‘Yes, you have my promise.’
nhold somebody to their promise (=make them keep it)
The next day, Gareth held me to my promise to take him fishing.
ADJECTIVES/NOUN + promise
a solemn promise 郑重的承诺
As governor, I made a solemn promise to defend the laws of the Republic.
作为州长,我郑重承诺要捍卫共和国的法律。
a firm promise (=definite) 明确的承诺
nWhat had happened to all those firm promises of help?
a vague promise (=not definite) 含糊的承诺
nLarry made some vague promises to leave his wife.
a false/empty/hollow promise (=one that will not be kept) 虚假的/空洞的承诺
nI didn’t make any false promises.
a broken promise (=one that has not been kept) 背弃的诺言
nThere have been too many broken promises.
na campaign/election promise
He was accused of breaking a campaign promise not to raise taxes.
n THESAURUS
promise a statement that you will definitely do or provide something, which may not be reliable
‘I’ll call you tomorrow.’ ‘Is that a promise?’
Politicians are always making promises.
pledge a public or official promise to do a particular thing in the future
The Government has fulfilled at least 50% of its election pledges.
We have received pledges of help from various organizations.
vow a very serious promise to do something or not to do something that you choose to make
He made a vow never to drink alcohol again.
your marriage vows
oath a formal promise, especially one that someone makes in a court of law
Witnesses swear a solemn oath to tell the truth.
Public officials must take an oath to support the US Constitution.
undertaking a serious or public promise to do something, especially something difficult which needs a lot of effort or money
The police have given an undertaking to reduce street crime in the city centre.
He was made to sign a written undertaking that he would not go within a mile of her house.
assurance a promise that something will happen or is true, made so that someone is less worried or more confident
You have my assurance that it won’t happen again.
The manager gave me his personal assurance that the goods would be delivered today.
guarantee a very definite promise that something will happen. A guarantee is also a formal written promise by a company to repair or replace a product free if it has a fault within a fixed period of time.
With any diet, there’s no guarantee of success.
I’m afraid I can’t give you a 100% guarantee.
Is the camera still under guarantee (=within the period during which it can be repaired or replaced free)?
n COLLOCATIONS – Meaning 2: signs that something or someone will be good or successful 〔某事或某人将有好结果或成功的〕迹象，征兆
verbs
show promise (=seem likely to be good or successful)
She showed promise as a singer at an early age.
hold promise (=seem likely to be good or successful – used of things)
The Internet clearly held great promise as an educational tool.
fulfil your/its promise (also live up to your/its promise) (=be as good as expected)
This young player has begun to fulfil his promise.
The rest of this movie never quite lives up to the promise of that opening moment.
adjectives
great promise
He’d initially shown great promise as a goalkeeper.
early promise
Tracey showed early promise in mathematics.
Examples from the Corpus
promise• "I'll call you tomorrow." "Is that a promise?"• He left with a promise that he would be back before six.• Usually the sins confessed were minor in nature: a broken promise, a plagiarized term paper.• Scott made a campaign promise not to raise taxes.• Mannheim's relationism seemed to his detractors like a hollow promise, an attempt to have it both ways.• But Comcast has made the investment and delivered on its promise.• Even worse, it turned out that being able to offer drinks was not a key promise for his customers.• Making promises is risky for a company, but it usually does result in improved customer relations.• The refugees are relying on promises of food and aid from the West.• The security of both was the promise of a large proportion of the land after the drainage operation had been successfully completed.• These promise to be of such importance that I shall briefly relate them here, before journeying north.• Inherent in this promise is a kind of security blanket; the union chief is replaced with a mutual fund manager.• Not withstanding this promise, the use of road pricing to change travel habits still seems some way off.
promise that• There has been a promise that prosperity will be permanent.• Food Reform promised an end to sickness if certain procedures were followed, a promise that was not, of course, fulfilled.• Feminism once held out a promise that there would be some precincts of womanly life that were not all about men.• Benn promised that the first thing he would do when returning home would be to go straight to see Michael Watson.• The commission promises that its proposals under the social chapter will be squeaky-clean in their impact on jobs.• The thrifts, many of which were forced into insolvency, say the change violated contractual promises that federal thrift regulators.• City Hall had promised that urban renewal would be used to help restore and stabilize the community.• Smith lamely promised that help would be given to any women wanting to lead a decent life.
fulfil ... early promise• In September 1976 he joined Spurs for £200,000, but his career there never fully fulfilled its earlier promise.• As I entered my fourth lustre, it became evident that I was not going to fulfil my early promise.
Origin promise2
(1300-1400) Latin promissum, from the past participle of promittere “to send out, promise”
prom·ise1 verb →n GRAMMAR1 →THESAURUS1promise2 noun →COLLOCATIONS1 →n COLLOCATIONS2
→n THESAURUS1
LDOCE Online
Chinese
Syllable
Corpus
TOEFL IELTS BNC: 1478 COCA: 1438
promise

noun¹

 1statement that you will do sth諾言ADJECTIVE | VERB + PROMISE | PROMISE + NOUN | PREPOSITION ADJECTIVE➤big虛空的承諾◇He makes all kinds of big promises he has little intention of keeping.他作出了各種慷慨的承諾，卻沒有打算信守。➤rash輕率的承諾▸➤broken, unfulfilled未遵守的承諾▸➤empty, false, hollow虛假的承諾；空口承諾▸➤vague含糊其詞的承諾▸➤binding, firm有約束力的／堅定的承諾➤solemn莊嚴的承諾➤pinky (= made by linking your little finger with another person's) (NAmE, informal) 拉鈎承諾▸➤campaign, election, pre-election (especially BrE) 競選運動中作的／競選時的／選舉前的承諾➤brand (= printed on a product) (especially NAmE) 品牌承諾VERB + PROMISE➤give sb, make (sb)（向某人）許諾◇You gave me your promise I could use the car tonight.你答應過我今晚可以用車。◇I'll consider it, but I make no promises.我會考慮的，但是我不敢保證。➤hold out恪守諾言◇Organic food seems to hold out the promise of healthy living.看來有機食品有望實現健康生活的承諾。➤fulfil/fulfill, honour/honor, keep信守承諾；兌現承諾▸➤break, go back on食言▸➤extract套取承諾◇We extracted a promise from them that they would repay the money by May.我們設法讓他們作出承諾，在 5 月之前把錢還清。➤hold sb to要求某人遵守諾言◇Politicians should be held to their promises.應該要求政治家們信守自己的諾言。◇The electorate is determined to hold the government to its election promises.選民決心督促政府恪守選舉時作出的承諾。PROMISE + NOUN➤ring (= showing sb's promise to be faithful) 承諾戒指PREPOSITION➤promise about關於⋯的諾言◇They've made all sorts of promises about reforming the health system.他們作出了改革衞生體制的種種承諾。➤promise of⋯的諾言◇promises of support支持的諾言
promise

noun²

 2signs that sb/sth will be successful成功的跡象ADJECTIVE | VERB + PROMISE | PREPOSITION | PHRASES ADJECTIVE➤considerable, enormous, great, real, tremendous大有前途；很有希望◇This new venture holds great promise for the future.這家新企業將大有前途。➤little希望不大▸➤youthful (especially BrE) 年輕時表現出的成功跡象➤early, initial小時候／開始時表現出的成功跡象➤future對未來的承諾VERB + PROMISE➤hold, show有出息；有前途▸➤fulfil/fulfill, live up to實現希望；達到預期的成功◇His career failed to live up to its early promise.他的事業沒有像早期表現的那樣成功。PREPOSITION➤of promise有發展前途的◇a pianist of promise有發展前途的鋼琴手➤promise as作為⋯的前途◇She showed great promise as a runner.她作為賽跑運動員很有前途。PHRASES➤full of promise充滿希望◇The year began so full of promise, and ended in disappointment.這一年開始時充滿了希望，卻以失望而告終。
promise

verb

ADVERB | VERB + PROMISE | PREPOSITION | PHRASES ADVERB➤faithfully信誓旦旦地許諾◇She promised faithfully that she would come.她信誓旦旦地答應會來。➤solemnly莊嚴地許諾➤initially, originally最初／原本承諾➤repeatedly一再承諾◇He repeatedly promised to cut taxes in his campaign.競選中他一再承諾要減稅。VERB + PROMISE➤can能保證◇I can definitely promise you that I'll do all I can to help.我可以明確地向你保證，我將盡我所能提供幫助。➤cannot不能保證◇I can't promise I'll be there.我不能保證我會去那裏。➤seem to似乎預示◇The plan seemed to promise a new beginning.這個計劃似乎預示着新的開端。PREPOSITION➤to向⋯許諾◇I've promised my old computer to Jane.我已答應把舊電腦給簡了。PHRASES➤as promised正如所許諾的那樣◇I am sending you information on hotels, as promised.正如我許諾的，現給你寄去酒店的相關資料。➤I can't promise anything我不能給任何許諾◇I can't promise anything, but I hope to have it finished next week.我不能保證什麼，但是我希望下週會做完。
TOEFL IELTS BNC: 1478 COCA: 1438
promise noun
⇨ promise (keep/break a promise) ⇨ potential (show great promise)promise verb
⇨ promise (Promise not to tell!) ⇨ threaten 3 (It promises to be an exciting few days.) promise

noun

promise ♦︎ commitment ♦︎ word ♦︎ pledge ♦︎ guarantee ♦︎ oath ♦︎ assurance ♦︎ vowThese are all words for a statement that you will definitely do or not do sth or that you are sure that sth will happen. 这些词均表示诺言、保证。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆a promise / a commitment / your word / a pledge / a guarantee / an oath / a vow to do sth◆a promise / your word / a pledge / a guarantee / an oath / an assurance / a vow that...◆a / your solemn promise / word / oath / assurance / vow◆a firm promise / commitment / pledge / guarantee / assurance◆a formal commitment / guarantee / oath / assurance◆a written promise / commitment / guarantee / assurance◆to give a promise / a commitment / your word / a pledge / a guarantee / an assurance◆to make a promise / commitment / pledge / guarantee / vow◆to take a pledge / an oath / a vow◆to have sb's promise / commitment / word / assurance◆to honour your promise / commitment / word / pledge / assurance◆to keep your promise / commitment / word / vow◆to break a promise / a commitment / your word / a pledge / a vow■ promise [countable] a statement that tells sb that you will definitely do or not do sth 诺言；许诺；承诺◆I try not to make promises that I can't keep.我尽量不承诺无法兑现的事。◆He simply broke every single promise he ever made me.他给我的承诺没有一个兑现。◆She had obviously forgotten her promise to call me.她显然把答应给我打电话的事忘得一干二净了。◆You haven't gone back on your promise to me, have you?你答应我的该不会反悔了吧？◆I won't be late. That's a promise!我不会迟到的。说话算数！■ commitment [countable, uncountable] (rather formal) a promise or determination to do sth or to behave in a particular way; a promise to support sb/sth; the fact of making a commitment 承诺；许诺承担；保证◆She doesn't want to make a big emotional commitment to Steve at the moment.她不想在此刻对史蒂夫作出感情上的重大承诺。◆The company's commitment to providing quality at a reasonable price has been vital to its success.这家公司保证物美价廉的承诺是它取得成功的决定性因素。◆He questioned the government's commitment to public services.他对政府在公共服务上作出的承诺提出质疑。   see also committed ⇨ reliable 1 ■ word [singular] a promise that you will do sth or that sth will happen or is true 诺言；许诺；保证◆I give you my word that it won't happen again.我向你保证这种事不会再发生了。◆I never doubted her word.我从不怀疑她的许诺。◆They claimed that the minister had gone back on her word (= broken her promise).他们称部长没有兑现她的许诺。◆We only have his word for it that he wasn't there that night.他只是向我们保证他那天晚上没在那里。◆She won't go to the police. You can take my word for it (= believe me).她不会报警的，相信我说的话吧。■ pledge [countable] (especially journalism 尤用于新闻) a serious promise 保证；诺言；誓约◆The new leader demanded a pledge of loyalty from each of his allies.新的领导人要求每一位盟友发誓对他忠诚。◆Will the government honour its election pledge not to raise taxes?政府会信守他们的竞选诺言不提高税收吗？■ guarantee ˌgærənˈtiː [countable] a firm promise that you will do sth or that sth will happen 保证；担保◆The union wants cast-iron guarantees that there will be no job losses.工会想得到确实可靠的不裁员保证。NOTE 辨析 Promise, pledge or guarantee? Promise is the most frequent and most general of these words, and the only one of these three to use in the context of personal relationships. * promise在三个词中最常见、含义最宽泛，是唯一能在个人关系语境中使用的词◆She had obviously forgotten her pledge/guarantee to call me. Pledge is used especially in the context of politics and the things that politicians promise in order to get elected. * pledge尤用于政治语境，可指从政者为求当选而作的承诺◆election / campaign / manifesto pledges竞选承诺◆spending pledges given by the government政府就支出所作的保证 Guarantee is used especially in matters of business involving companies or organizations. * guarantee尤指公司或机构所作的业务担保。 ■ oath əʊθ; NAmE oʊθ [countable] (rather formal) a formal promise to do sth; a formal statement that sth is true 宣誓；誓言◆All the barons were called on to swear an oath of allegiance to the king.所有的男爵都被召来宣誓效忠国王。◆Before giving evidence, witnesses in court have to take the oath (= promise to tell the truth).作证之前，证人必须当庭宣誓据实作证。ⓘ If you are or do sth on/under oath, you have made a formal promise to tell the truth in court. * on/under oath表示已经当庭宣誓据实作证◆The judge reminded the witness that he was still under oath.法官提醒证人他已当庭宣过誓。■ assurance əˈʃʊərəns, əˈʃɔːrəns; NAmE əˈʃʊrəns [countable] (rather formal) a statement that sth will certainly be true or will certainly happen, particularly when there has been doubt about it （尤指有质疑时的）保证，担保◆They asked for assurances on the safety of the system.他们要求保证系统安全。◆Despite assurances to the contrary the birds are still being sold as pets.尽管曾担保不会这样，但是这些鸟还是被当作宠物卖掉。■ vow vaʊ [countable] a formal and serious promise, especially a religious one, to do sth （尤指宗教的）誓，誓言，誓约◆The monks take a vow of silence.修士要守默誓。◆She would not be unfaithful to her marriage vows.她不会不忠于自己的结婚誓言。 promise

verb

promise ♦︎ guarantee ♦︎ swear ♦︎ pledge ♦︎ commit ♦︎ assure ♦︎ vow ♦︎ undertakeThese words all mean to tell sb that you will definitely do sth or that sth will happen. 这些词均表示许诺、保证、发誓。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆to swear / vow to sb (that...)◆to promise / guarantee / swear / pledge / vow / undertake to do sth◆to promise / guarantee / swear / pledge / vow that...◆to promise / guarantee / pledge your support◆to swear / pledge allegiance / loyalty◆to swear / vow revenge / eternal friendship / undying love◆to solemnly promise / swear / vow / undertake sth■ promise [transitive, intransitive] to tell sb that you will definitely do or not do sth, or that sth will definitely happen 许诺；答应；保证◆'Promise not to tell anyone!' 'I promise.'“你要保证不告诉任何人！”“我保证。”◆I'll see what I can do but I can't promise anything.我会看看我能做什么，但不能作什么承诺。◆You promised me (that) you'd be home early tonight.你答应过我今晚会早回家的。◆'I'll be back soon,' she promised.“我马上回来。”她答应说。◆He promised the money to his grandchildren.他答应把这笔钱留给孙辈。■ guarantee ˌgærənˈtiː [transitive] to tell sb that sth definitely will or will not happen, or that you defintely will or will not do sth 保证；担保；保障◆Basic human rights, including freedom of speech, are now guaranteed.包括言论自由在内的基本人权如今都有了保障。◆The ticket will guarantee you free entry.这张票将保证你免费入场。◆We guarantee to deliver your goods within a week.我们保证一周内交货。NOTE 辨析 Promise or guarantee?When you promise sth, you make a personal commitment to the person you are talking to, usually to do sth. Guarantee is less personal: when you guarantee sth, you mean that you will make sure that it happens. You have a moral duty to do what you have promised, but no one can legally force you to do it. You may have a legal duty to do what you have guaranteed, but people often use the word guarantee without actually accepting a legal duty: they mean it as a stronger form of promise. * promise指作出个人之间的承诺，通常指承诺做某事。guarantee不那么个人化，表示保证某事会发生。promise指作出道德上有义务兑现的承诺，但该承诺不具有法律约束力。guarantee可以指作出法律上有履约义务的保证，但使用这个词时常常并不真的表示具有法律效力，只是一种比promise语义更强的保证。■ swear (swore, sworn) [transitive, intransitive, no passive] to make a serious or official promise to do sth or to tell the truth, for example in court 郑重承诺，发誓（如在法庭上）◆She made him swear not to tell anyone.她让他发誓不告诉任何人。◆He swore revenge on the man who had killed his father.他发誓要报杀父之仇。◆I swear to God I had nothing to do with it.我对天发誓，我跟这事一点关系都没有。◆Witnesses were required to swear on the Bible.证人须手按《圣经》宣誓。◆ (spoken) I think I put the keys back in the drawer, but I couldn't swear to it (= I'm not completely sure).我想我把钥匙放回抽屉里了，不过我不敢肯定。■ pledge [transitive] to formally promise to give or do sth 正式承诺；保证给予（或做）◆Japan pledged $100 million in humanitarian aid.日本承诺提供1亿元的人道主义援助。◆Politicians of all parties pledged their support for the idea.各党派的政客都保证支持这个主张。◆The government has pledged that it will not raise taxes.政府保证不增加税收。■ commit (-tt-) [transitive] to promise sincerely that you will definitely do sth or keep to an agreement or arrangement, knowing that failure to do so may make things difficult for you; to give an opinion or make a decision openly so that it is then difficult to change it 承诺，保证（做某事、遵守协议或遵从安排）；（公开）表明意见，作出决定（使得日后难以更改）◆Several countries were reluctant to commit themselves to the treaty.有几个国家不愿签署这项条约。◆The party was committed to reforming the electoral system.该党承诺要改革选举体制。◆You don't have to commit yourself now, just think about it.你不必现在表态，只需考虑一下这事。  see also committed ⇨ reliable 1 ■ assure əˈʃʊə(r), əˈʃɔː(r); NAmE əˈʃʊr [transitive] to tell sb that sth is definitely true or is definitely going to happen, especially when they have doubts about it （尤指有质疑时）使确信，向⋯保证◆We were assured that everything possible was being done.我们得到保证：正在尽一切努力。◆She's perfectly safe, I can assure you.她绝对安全，我可以向你保证。◆We assured him of our loyal support.我们向他保证会忠诚地支持他。■ vow vaʊ [transitive] (rather formal, especially written) to make a formal and serious promise to do sth 起誓；立誓；发誓◆She vowed never to speak to him again.她发誓再也不和他说话。◆They vowed eternal friendship.他们立誓要友谊长存。NOTE 辨析 Swear or vow?People can swear that things are, have been or will be true, but vow is more often used to talk about things you are determined to do in the future. * swear可以指发誓事情在过去、现在或将来会如此，但vow较常指发誓将来一定做某事。■ undertake ˌʌndəˈteɪk; NAmE ˌʌndərˈteɪk(undertook, undertaken) [transitive] (formal or business 商业) to agree or promise that you will do sth 承诺；许诺；答应◆They undertook to finish the job by Friday.他们答应周五之前完成这一工作。
TOEFL IELTS BNC: 1478 COCA: 1438
promise
To make a promise: promise, commit, swear...
Predicting and prediction: predict, prediction, forecast...
Promises: promise, commitment, guarantee...
The possibility that something will happen: possibility, chance, probability...
Relating to the future: future, potential, prospect...
Signs of how things are or what may happen in the future: sign, signal, indication...

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