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fire

Word family 
fire1 /faɪə $ faɪr/ ●●● S1 W1 noun  
1  flames that destroy things 毁坏东西的火焰 [countableC, uncountableU]FIRE uncontrolled flames, light, and heat that destroy and damage things 火；失火，火灾
 The warehouse was completely destroyed by fire.
仓库全给烧毁了。
 Thirty people died in a fire in downtown Chicago.
30人死于芝加哥市中心的一场火灾。
 Police think that the fire was started deliberately.
警方认为有人故意纵火。
 Rioters set fire to a whole row of stores (=made them start burning).
暴徒纵火焚烧了一整排商店。
non fire (=burning)
n Within minutes, the entire building was on fire.
n Grammar
✗ Don’t say: in fire
→4  See picture of 见图 fire
2  flames for heating/cooking etc 取暖/烹饪等用的火 [countableC]FIRE burning material used to heat a room, cook food etc, or get rid of things you do not want 炉火，灶火
 You put up the tent and I’ll make a fire.
你搭帐篷，我来生火。
 Can you help me light the fire?
你帮我点火好吗？
 The fire has almost gone out (=stopped burning).
火差不多灭了。
 They all sat around the camp fire, singing songs.
他们全都坐在篝火旁唱歌。
 The fire was still smouldering in the grate (=there was a little smoke and it had almost stopped burning).
炉膛里仍有余火。
by the fire/in front of the fire 坐到炉火前面来。
 Come and sit by the fire.
坐到炉火前面来。
 They dried their clothes in front of an open fire.
他们在明火前烘衣服。
3  heating equipment 取暖设备 [countableC] British EnglishBrEDHF a machine that produces heat to warm a room, using gas or electricity as power 取暖器，暖气装置
 a gas fire
煤气取暖器
 an electric fire
电取暖器
turn the fire on/off
 Turn on the fire, I’m cold.
开取暖器吧，我冷。
turn the fire up/down (=make it hotter or colder) 开大/关小取暖器
4  shooting 射击 [uncountableU]SHOOT shots fired from a gun, especially many guns at the same time 射击，火力
 Troops opened fire on (=started shooting at) the demonstrators.
军队朝示威人群开枪。
 These women did vital work, often under enemy fire.
这些女性的工作至关重要，而且往往是在敌人的炮火之下。
 The rebels agreed to hold their fire (=not shoot).
叛乱分子同意停止射击。
→ be in the line of fire at line1(35)
5  BE ATTACKED 遭受攻击be/come under fire 
a) to be severely criticized for something you have done – used in news reports 受到严厉[猛烈]批评〔用于新闻报道〕
 Rail chiefs came under fire after raising train fares.
火车票涨价之后，铁路方面主管人员受到猛烈抨击。
b) to be shot at 遭枪击
be/come under fire from
 Our patrol came under fire from rooftop gunmen.
我们的巡逻队遭到了屋顶枪手的射击。
Examples from the Corpus
fire from• Sir Derek came under fire from several shareholders.• Patrick is generally regarded as having been an aggressive enforcer of civil-rights laws and often came under fire from conservatives.• He, in turn, came under fire from conservative Republicans in his home state.• Clinton has come under fire from Republicans in Congress who accuse him of doing too little to fight drugs.• Its stance has come under fire from the president of the private sector's wood alliance, Corma.• Grain-based cereal prices already have come under fire from Capitol Hill, with a report in mid-March by Reps.
6  emotion 感情 [uncountableU]EMOTIONAL a very strong emotion that makes you want to think about nothing else 狂热的情感，激情
7  fire in your belly a strong desire to achieve something 雄心壮志，强烈的愿望
Examples from the Corpus
fire in your belly• It stung the back of her throat and fired in her belly.• Three years later, he returned; heavier, slower, but with a new kind of fire in his belly.• You have got the fire in your belly that will make an excellent detective novel.
8. SICK/INJURED 生病的/受伤的be on fire literaryHURT/CAUSE PAIN a part of your body that is on fire feels very painful 〔身体某部位〕火辣辣地疼痛
Examples from the Corpus
be on fire• Here, some bright spark thought Windsor Castle was on fire and called the fire brigade!• He stabbed his chips like a killer and poured beer down his throat as though his guts were on fire.• Miguel opened his door and lunged as though his head were on fire.• They went willingly enough, but their hearts were on fire with jealousy.• It was impossible that these two whose hearts were on fire should be kept apart.• Before long the neighboring houses were on fire too.• They make the skin crawl like it is on fire, even as it is bathed in sweat.• The Steam Laundry was on fire.• If her cheeks had been hot when he arrived, they were on fire now.• Large areas of the forest are reported to be on fire.
9. light a fire under somebody American EnglishAmE spokenWORK THAT somebody DOES to do something that makes someone who is being lazy start doing their work 使某人〔指偷懒者〕加把劲
Examples from the Corpus
light a fire under somebody• They had come in the night and lit a fire under the stage.
10. go through fire (and water) (for somebody) old-fashionedDANGEROUS to do something very difficult and dangerous for someone （为某人）赴汤蹈火
Examples from the Corpus
go through fire (and water) (for somebody)• I would have gone through fire for Peter Docherty.
11. fire and brimstone RRCa phrase describing Hell, used by some religious people 硫磺烈火〔一些宗教人士形容地狱的说法〕
Examples from the Corpus
fire and brimstone• But Geneva rules will apply, except in so far as fire and brimstone will be permitted on a strictly controlled basis.• She responded with some of her fire and brimstone stuff.• At 19 though, he had lost his fire and brimstone and was withdrawn and melancholy.• Reggie White delivered 10 minutes of fire and brimstone, condemning Williams as a devil in a blue-and-white uniform.• Yet for all his proverbial fire and brimstone, my father was not a violent man.
→ ceasefire, → add fuel to the fire/flames at add(9), → fight fire with fire at fight1(18), → get on like a house on fire at house1(11), → hang fire at hang1(12), → play with fire at play1(26), → set the world on fire at world1(26), → there’s no smoke without fire at smoke1(5)
 COLLOCATIONS – Meaning 1: uncontrolled flames, light, and heat that destroy and damage things 火；失火，火灾
verbs
start a fire 生火，点火
The fire may have been started by a cigarette.
火灾可能是由一支香烟引起的。
set fire to something/set something on fire (=make something start burning) 点着某物
A candle fell over, setting fire to the curtains.
一支蜡烛倒了，点着了窗帘。
something catches fire (=it starts burning) 某物着火
The boat caught fire and sank.
小船着火沉没了。
put out a fire (also extinguish a fire formal) (=stop a fire burning) 灭火
Firemen successfully extinguished the fire.
消防员成功扑灭了大火。
fight a fire (=try to make a fire stop burning) 救火
Further attempts to fight the fire were abandoned.
放弃了继续救火的尝试。
a fire burns 火燃烧
The fire was burning more strongly every minute.
眼看着火越烧越旺。
a fire breaks out (=it starts suddenly) 失火
A fire broke out in the engine room.
轮机舱失火了。
a fire goes out (=it stops burning) 火熄灭
After several hours, the fire eventually went out.
几个小时后，火终于熄灭了。
a fire rages/blazes (=it burns strongly for a long time over a large area) 大火肆虐
nFires were raging in the forest near Magleby.
a fire spreads 大火蔓延
nThe fire spread to the house next door.
something is damaged/destroyed by fire 某物毁于大火
nThe school was badly damaged by fire.
phrases
be on fire (=be burning) 着火
The whole house was on fire within minutes.
不消几分钟，整幢房子都烧了起来。
bring a fire under control 控制火势
Firefighters took more than an hour to bring the fire under control.
消防员用一个多小时控制住了火势。
ADJECTIVES/NOUN + fire
a big/major fire 大火
A big fire was raging at the fuel depot.
油库燃起大火。
a forest fire (=a very large fire in a forest) 森林火灾
nGreece has suffered many forest fires this year.
na brush fire (=a very large fire in an area of grass)
There were frequent brush fires during the hot dry summers.
a house fire (=a fire that starts inside a house) 住宅火灾
nFaulty electrical wiring is being blamed for a house fire.
 COLLOCATIONS – Meaning 2: burning material used to heat a room, cook food etc, or get rid of things you do not want 炉火，灶火
nverbs
make/build a fire
He found wood to make a fire.
start/light a fire
It was too damp to light a fire.
put something on the fire
Put another log on the fire.
cook something over a fire
They cooked strips of meat over a wood fire.
a fire smoulders (=a little smoke comes from a fire when it has almost gone out)
The fire was smouldering in the grate.
炉膛里仍有余火。
a fire dies down (=it burns less strongly)
The fire slowly died down.
ADJECTIVES/NOUN + fire
nan open fire (=a fire in a room that is not inside a stove etc)
Sophie warmed herself by the open fire.
na roaring fire (=a fire that is burning strongly)
I sat by the roaring fire and dried off.
na camp fire (=a fire that you make outside when you are camping)
In the evening we sat around the camp fire.
na coal/wood/log fire
There was a coal fire in the sitting room.
a gas fire 煤气取暖器
nShe lit the gas fire and settled in front of the TV.
na real fire (=one that burns wood or coal)
There was a real fire blazing in the fireplace.
nphrases
the embers of a fire (=pieces of wood, coal etc that have almost been completely burned)
He stared at the glowing embers of the fire.
 THESAURUS
fire flames that burn in an uncontrolled way and destroy or damage things 火灾
In April, a fire at the school destroyed the science block.
四月份,学校的一场大火烧毁了理科大楼。
a forest fire
森林火灾
flames the bright parts of a fire that you see burning in the air 火焰
The flames from the burning building were lighting up the night sky.
失火大楼上腾起的火焰照亮了夜空。
blaze written a large and dangerous fire – used especially in news reports 烈火〔尤用于新闻报道〕
Firemen fought to keep the blaze under control.
消防员奋力控制火势。
inferno written an extremely large and dangerous fire which is out of control – used especially in news reports 熊熊烈火，火海〔指难以控制的火势；尤用于新闻报道〕
The entire building was on fire and hundreds of people were trapped in the inferno.
整幢大楼都在燃烧，数百人被困火海。
conflagration /ˌkɒnfləˈɡreɪʃən $ ˌkɑːn-/ formal a very large fire that destroys a lot of buildings, trees etc 大火
The conflagration spread rapidly through the old town.
大火迅速蔓延整个古镇。
Examples from the Corpus
fire• Georg Latzelberger, was destroyed in a forced-landing having been hit by both fighters and A.A. fire.• Eleven people died in a fire in Chicago early Monday.• The most commonly used pumps are submersible electric ones that pump out water through what looks like a fire hose.• The old man lit a fire in the stove of the front room.• The ship was hit by fire from a German plane.• We noticed that the enemy fire was now being directed at our part of the field.• A forest fire had been raging in the south and the sky in that direction had a deep red glow.• There was a sudden burst of machine gun fire.• There's nothing more comforting than a blazing log fire.• The rebel musketry fire was pouring... upon our men, who were closing together and rallying under the attack.• Most animals are afraid of fire.• It will not even perish by the flames of fire.• He thought that they would stay there, the track giving them visibility and line of fire.• My feet were on fire after the trek up the mountain.• The three main mast tips suddenly spout fire casting an eerie glow over the ship.• In the evenings the whole family would gather around the fire.• Police believe the fire in the store was started deliberately.• Could you bring in some wood for the fire?• You got the fire way up high.• Investigators say the fire probably broke out in the hotel kitchen.• Winds quickly spread the fire across the valley.• The fire was started by an electrical fault.• The fire quickly spread throughout the building.• When did humans first learn to use fire?
turn the fire on/off• He turned the fire off and sat down on the settee, looking at the woman all the while.
hold ... fire• Hold Fire to keep the shape attached; release it to send it flying.• The church has held them through fire and cholera epidemics since they arrived here with the compliments of the Bishop of London.• She found herself thinking, I have held my fire too long and lost the moment of action.• I held my fire until the enemy was within range.• It held passion and fire, it was a kiss of domination that asked for surrender yet promised surrender in return.• I am going to hold my fire until I see the whites of their eyes.• Thiercelin signalled to the sharpshooters manning the lower windows of the dining-room to hold their fire.• One could see the edges of the iron basket which held the fire.
fire of• Nothing could dampen the fire of his enthusiasm for music.
Related topics: Pottery & ceramics, Motor vehicles
fire2 ●●○ S3 W3 verb  
1  shoot 射击 [intransitiveI, transitiveT]SHOOT to shoot bullets or bombs 开（枪），开 （炮），发射
2  job 工作LEAVE A JOB OR ORGANIZATION [transitiveT] to force someone to leave their job 开除，解雇 SYN British English sack
3  excite 使激动 [transitiveT]EXCITEDINTERESTED to make someone feel interested in something and excited about it 使充满热情；激发，激励 SYN inspire
4. QUESTIONS 问题fire questions at somebody ASK A QUESTIONto ask someone a lot of questions quickly, often in order to criticize them 对某人提出一连串质问
Examples from the Corpus
fire questions at somebody• The Professor had finished, and Ace and Daak were firing questions at her.• The young man took the seat behind the cold metal desk and began to fire questions at me.
5  wood-fired/gas-fired/coal-fired using wood, gas, or coal as fuel 烧木柴的/烧煤气的/烧煤的
6  clay 黏土 [transitiveT]TIP to bake bricks, clay pots etc in a kiln 〔在窰里〕烧制
7. engine 发动机 [intransitiveI]TTC if a vehicle’s engine fires, the petrol is lit to make the engine work 点火，启动
8  be firing on all cylinders informalCRAZY to be thinking or doing something well, using all your mental abilities and energy 开足马力，全力以赴
Examples from the Corpus
be firing on all cylinders• The latter is a book in which the author is firing on all cylinders.• This company is firing on all cylinders.• Your Reticular Activating System is firing on all cylinders, your cortex is turning somersaults.
n THESAURUS
fire (also dismiss formal) to make someone leave their job, especially because they have done something wrong
He was fired for surfing the Internet during work time.
Harris was caught stealing, and was dismissed from his job.
sack/give somebody the sack British EnglishBrE informal to make someone leave their job, especially because they are not good at it, or because they have done something wrong
Bates was sacked from his job after the team failed to win any games.
His boss gave him the sack for taking too much time off work.
lay somebody off to make a lot of workers, especially workers in a large factory or organization, leave their jobs, because there is not enough work for them to do, or not enough money to pay their wages
3000 car workers have been laid off at the factory in Cleveland.
make somebody redundant British EnglishBrE to make someone leave their job because they are no longer needed
5 staff will be made redundant at the end of this month.
let somebody go to make someone leave their job, Used by employers to avoid saying directly that they are getting rid of people
We’ve had to let two members of staff go.
discharge to make someone leave their job in the army, air force etc
Grant had been discharged from the navy for threatening an officer.
ease somebody out to make someone leave their job in a way that makes it seem as if they have chosen to leave
He had been eased out of office in an attempt to prevent a political crisis.
relieve somebody of their post/position formal to make someone leave their job because they have done something wrong – used especially to avoid saying this directly, and also when the job is a powerful one
The colonel and two other senior officers were relieved of their posts.
 PHRASAL VERBS
Examples from the Corpus
fire• You're fired!• He regained his balance, took aim, and fired.• Suddenly the car stopped, and the passenger got out and fired a Kalashnikov rifle at the police car.• The company fired a top executive for his role in improper financial dealings.• Not only can he be fired again, but probably he will be fired again.• As soldiers jumped out of the lorries, firing all around, helicopter gunships appeared overhead.• No shot is fired and no further shots may be fired that game - the gun is now useless.• Chapa was fired at the same time as Lozano.• As soon as we crossed the border, enemy troops started firing at us.• The two hapless groups of men now mostly hid, endured, and awaited their opportunity to fire back or escape.• The system has previously undergone six months of preliminary tests in the same Redwood City neighborhood, with officers firing blanks.• Several shots were fired, but no one was injured.• She was fired for serious professional misconduct.• When Max was fired from his job the whole family had to pack up and leave town.• He was just impossible to work with, and in the end they fired him.• During the night the accused fired his air gun out of the window of his first-floor flat.• The police fired into the air to make the crowd break up.• He's getting ready to fire me, she thought.• Kendrick fired three shots at the President's car.
fire bullets/missiles/rockets etc• It had two lids which you closed once you were in, and instead of bullets, it fired rockets.• Police believe the weapon may have been a standard cartridge shotgun, specially adapted to fire bullets.• A gun is known to fire bullets at precisely three hundred and thirty meters per second.• There exist rifles which fire bullets faster than the speed of sound.• The guerrillas still fire rockets from well inside the security perimeter.• Gunshots crackled as police fired bullets into the air.• The device, which used a shotgun modified to fire bullets, was concealed in a wooden box hidden among trees.
be/get fired• After three or four losses, there were rumors that Paul was going to get fired.• And, even after that policy fell, it would be another decade before flight attendants could become pregnant without getting fired.• Not only can he be fired again, but probably he will be fired again.• She knew too much to be fired and she refused to be bought out with money or offers of promotion.• Gas-operated and self-loading from a thirty-round magazine, they could be fired from the shoulder or the hip.• The idea was to enclose the pottery to be fired in a chamber.• Some directory-assistance operators and installation and maintenance employees will be fired, Sheth predicts.• If Anderson does not accept terms at four, the orders are he shall be fired upon.
From Longman Business Dictionary
firefire /faɪəfaɪr/ verb [transitiveT]HUMAN RESOURCES
to dismiss someone from their jobSYN SACK
Lee Iacocca worked his way up to the presidency of Ford Motor Company, from which he was abruptly fired by Henry Ford II.
The government aimed to sell off state assets and fire about 80,000 workers.
fire somebody for something
The airline fired him for being drunk.
Origin fire1
Old English fyr
fire1 noun →n GRAMMAR1 →COLLOCATIONS1
→COLLOCATIONS2 →THESAURUS1fire2 verb →n GRAMMAR1 →n GRAMMAR2
→REGISTER1 →n THESAURUS1 →PHRASAL VERBS1
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