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TOEFL IELTS BNC: 1478 COCA: 1438

promise

Word family 
prom·ise1 /ˈprɒmɪs $ ˈprɑː-/ ●●● S2 W2 verb
1  [intransitiveI, transitiveT]PROMISE to tell someone that you will definitely do or provide something or that something will happen 許諾，保證，答應
Last night the headmaster promised a full investigation.
校長昨晚允諾進行全面調查。
promise to do something
She’s promised to do all she can to help.
她答應盡力幫忙。
promise (that)
5his promise that the job would be mine
他作出的我將得到那份工作的承諾
Hurry up – we promised we wouldn’t be late.
快點，我們保證過不會遲到的。
promise somebody (that)
You promised me the car would be ready on Monday.
你答應過我車子星期一可以用。
‘Promise me you won’t do anything stupid.’ ‘I promise.’
“答應我你不會做蠢事。” 我答應。”
promise something to somebody
I’ve promised that book to Ian, I’m afraid.
我已經答應把那本書給伊恩了，對不起。
promise somebody something
The company promised us a bonus this year.
公司承諾今年給我們發獎金。
‘I’ll be back by 1.00.’ ‘Promise?’ ‘Yes! Don’t worry.’
“我1點鐘前會回來。”“你保證？”“是的！别擔心。”
He reappeared two hours later, as promised.
就像他保證過的，他兩小時後再次露面。
2  [transitiveT]EXPECT to show signs of something 預示…可能發生
promise to be something
Tonight’s meeting promises to be a difficult one.
今晚的會議有可能不容易對付。
dark clouds promising showers later
預示着稍後有陣雨的烏雲
3. promise somebody the moon/the earth PROMISEto promise to give someone something that is impossible for you to give 向某人誇下海口
4  I can’t promise (anything) spokenPROMISE# used to tell someone that you will try to do what they want, but may not be able to 我無法保證
I’ll try my best to get tickets, but I can’t promise anything.
我會盡我所能弄到門票，但我不能保證什麽。
5  I promise you spoken used to emphasize a promise, warning, or statement 我保證
I promise you, it does work!
我保你管用！
Examples from the Corpus
I promise you• It will only turn her to stone, I promise you.• We will find that ship, I promise you.• When we parted I promised I'd write about them.• You shall not be the losers by it, I promise you.• But I promise I won't be bad to you again.• There will, I promise you, be a final exam.• And I promise you something: I won't let the house get into a hovel.• It takes more than a few days but it goes again, just about. I promise you that.
n GRAMMAR: Patterns with promise
You promise to do something:
He promised to help.
You promise that you will do something:
I promise that I will come to your party.
You promise someone that you will do something:
I promise you that I will come.
You promised that you would do something:
She promised that she would come.
You promised someone that you would do something:
My parents promised me that they would buy me a new car.
✗Don’t say: My parents promised me to buy a new car.
You can also promise someone something:
My parents promised me a new car.
 THESAURUS
promise to tell someone that you will definitely do something, or that something will happen 許諾,答應
He promised to give the book back.
他答應要歸還那本書。
The organisers have promised that this year’s event will take place.
組織者已承諾本年度的活動將會舉行。
swear to make a very serious and sincere promise, for example in a law court 發誓,宣誓
He had sworn to tell the truth.
他宣誓說實話。
I would never do that, I swear.
我發誓決不會那麽做的。
give somebody your word especially spoken to promise sincerely that you will do something or that something is true – often used when you are trying to persuade someone that they can trust you 向某人保證,答應某人 〔常用於勸說某人信任自己〕
I give you my word that your money is safe with me.
我向你保證,你的錢放在我這裏很安全。
nI’ll let you go out tonight if you give me your word that you’ll be home by 11.
vow to make a very serious promise, often to yourself 〔常指對自己〕發誓
She vowed that she would never drink alcohol again.
她發誓再也不喝酒了。
They vowed to carry on their campaign for justice.
他們發誓要將正義運動繼續下去。
assure to promise someone that something will happen or that something is true, in order to try to make them feel less worried 向…保證,使確信
Police have assured the public that they are doing everything they can to find the killer.
警方向公衆保證他們在盡其所能抓捕兇手。
guarantee to promise that you will make sure that something will definitely happen, so that there is no question of it not happening 保證,擔保
I guarantee that you will have the documents by tomorrow.
我保證明天你能拿到文件。
How can you guarantee that this won’t happen again?
你怎麽能擔保這種事不會再次發生？
pledge to promise publicly or officially that you will do something, for example to give help or money 〔公開或正式〕保證,許諾
The government has pledged to increase overseas aid to $4 billion over the next five years.
政府承諾未來五年將海外援助增加至40億美元。
undertake formal to make an official or legal promise to do something 作出〔正式或法律的〕承諾,保證
The government undertook to keep price increases to a minimum.
政府許諾把物價上漲控制在最低限度。
The two sides undertook to respect each other’s territory.
雙方承諾將相互尊重對方的領土。
commit to something formal to make a firm and definite promise to do something important, which will affect you for a long time and which could result in serious effects if you fail 承諾某事,投入於某事
Bobby felt unready to commit to a romantic relationship.
博比感覺自己還沒有準備好投入一段感情中。
A group of 11 companies has committed to developing a new passenger plane.
11 家公司共同承諾開發一種新型客機。
Examples from the Corpus
promise• "I can't take you to the beach today, after all.'' "But you promised!''• Money promised for language classes and business start-ups did not arrive.• Tanui promised he would be looking out for news about me during the week.• He promises himself an easier workout tomorrow.• Have you assured yourself that you can deliver whatever value is promised in your set of products and services?• Since the Tory election win in April, Mr Major promised interest rates would come down.• I promised Jamie a ride to school this morning.• Richardson apologized and promised that appropriate action would be taken to fix the problem.• I promised the kids I'd take them to a movie.• Anything about the bond market promises to be long and dull.• The government had promised to investigate the cause of the accident.• Dole repeatedly promises veterans that he would not touch their benefits.
as promised• On Monday, the hostages were released as promised.• Inevitably, therefore, the government fails to deliver the goods as demanded, as expected, and sometimes even as promised.• Jarrett Keach reappeared two hours later, as promised.• Only make sure they pay you as promised.• The women spun the flax and were invited to the wedding as promised.• In Part Three of the present book, as promised, I shall celebrate the sacred power of Imagination.• I had been training throughout the winter and Andy, as promised, sneaked me some races in the summer.• On the inside, as promised, was a label, printed black on gold, scratched and ink-stained but clearly legible.
promise to be something• And what a morning it promises to be!• Educational standards promise to be a flash point in the presidential campaign this year.• All in all, it promises to be a huge weekend with a happy hour and disco etal.• Next year promises to be even better.• The circle seems unbroken, and now, in this new millennium, Showcase promises to be even more successful.• These promise to be of such importance that I shall briefly relate them here, before journeying north.• Their fleets soon arrived at Constantinople and the war promised to be the most wide-ranging since the fall of the first Napoleon.
promise2 ●●● S3 W2 noun
1  [countableC]PROMISE a statement that you will definitely do or provide something or that something will definitely happen 保證，承諾，諾言
promise of
We received promises of support from several MPs.
數名議員承諾支持我們。
promise to
He would never break his promise to his father.
他決不會違背對父親的承諾。
promise to do something
She made a promise to visit them once a month.
她答應每個月去看他們一次。
npromise that
nI received a promise that this would not happen again.
2  [uncountableU]SIGN/INDICATION signs that something or someone will be good or successful 〔某事或某人將有好結果或成功的〕迹象，征兆
a young man full of promise
一個大有前途的年輕人
Bill shows great promise as a goalkeeper.
作爲守門員，比爾很有希望。
She didn’t fulfil her early promise.
她並未像小時候表現的那樣有出息。
3  [singular, uncountableU] a sign that something, usually something good, may happen 迹象；〔通常指〕吉兆
promise of
the promise of spring
春天的迹象
The letter gave a promise of greater happiness.
那封信預示了更大的幸福。
 COLLOCATIONS – Meaning 1: a statement that you will definitely do or provide something or that something will definitely happen 保證，承諾，諾言
verbs
make a promise 承諾,許諾
I made a promise to my mother that I’d look after Dad.
我答應母親我會照看父親的。
keep a promise (also fulfil a promise British EnglishBrE, fulfill a promise American EnglishAmE formal) (=do what you promised to do) 信守諾言
She said she would come back, and she kept her promise.
她說過會回來的,她也說到做到了。
nThe mayor has fulfilled his promise to get tough on corruption.
break a promise (=not do what you promised to do) 食言
Once again, the government has broken its promises.
政府再一次食言了。
ngo back on your promise (=break it)
They were angry that the company had gone back on its promise.
nrenege on a promise formal (=break it)
It is tempting for the government to renege on its promise.
nhave somebody’s promise (=they have promised you something)
‘It’ll remain a secret?’ ‘Yes, you have my promise.’
nhold somebody to their promise (=make them keep it)
The next day, Gareth held me to my promise to take him fishing.
ADJECTIVES/NOUN + promise
a solemn promise 鄭重的承諾
As governor, I made a solemn promise to defend the laws of the Republic.
作爲州長,我鄭重承諾要捍衛共和國的法律。
a firm promise (=definite) 明確的承諾
nWhat had happened to all those firm promises of help?
a vague promise (=not definite) 含糊的承諾
nLarry made some vague promises to leave his wife.
a false/empty/hollow promise (=one that will not be kept) 虛假的/空洞的承諾
nI didn’t make any false promises.
a broken promise (=one that has not been kept) 背棄的諾言
nThere have been too many broken promises.
na campaign/election promise
He was accused of breaking a campaign promise not to raise taxes.
n THESAURUS
promise a statement that you will definitely do or provide something, which may not be reliable
‘I’ll call you tomorrow.’ ‘Is that a promise?’
Politicians are always making promises.
pledge a public or official promise to do a particular thing in the future
The Government has fulfilled at least 50% of its election pledges.
We have received pledges of help from various organizations.
vow a very serious promise to do something or not to do something that you choose to make
He made a vow never to drink alcohol again.
your marriage vows
oath a formal promise, especially one that someone makes in a court of law
Witnesses swear a solemn oath to tell the truth.
Public officials must take an oath to support the US Constitution.
undertaking a serious or public promise to do something, especially something difficult which needs a lot of effort or money
The police have given an undertaking to reduce street crime in the city centre.
He was made to sign a written undertaking that he would not go within a mile of her house.
assurance a promise that something will happen or is true, made so that someone is less worried or more confident
You have my assurance that it won’t happen again.
The manager gave me his personal assurance that the goods would be delivered today.
guarantee a very definite promise that something will happen. A guarantee is also a formal written promise by a company to repair or replace a product free if it has a fault within a fixed period of time.
With any diet, there’s no guarantee of success.
I’m afraid I can’t give you a 100% guarantee.
Is the camera still under guarantee (=within the period during which it can be repaired or replaced free)?
n COLLOCATIONS – Meaning 2: signs that something or someone will be good or successful 〔某事或某人將有好結果或成功的〕迹象，征兆
verbs
show promise (=seem likely to be good or successful)
She showed promise as a singer at an early age.
hold promise (=seem likely to be good or successful – used of things)
The Internet clearly held great promise as an educational tool.
fulfil your/its promise (also live up to your/its promise) (=be as good as expected)
This young player has begun to fulfil his promise.
The rest of this movie never quite lives up to the promise of that opening moment.
adjectives
great promise
He’d initially shown great promise as a goalkeeper.
early promise
Tracey showed early promise in mathematics.
Examples from the Corpus
promise• "I'll call you tomorrow." "Is that a promise?"• He left with a promise that he would be back before six.• Usually the sins confessed were minor in nature: a broken promise, a plagiarized term paper.• Scott made a campaign promise not to raise taxes.• Mannheim's relationism seemed to his detractors like a hollow promise, an attempt to have it both ways.• But Comcast has made the investment and delivered on its promise.• Even worse, it turned out that being able to offer drinks was not a key promise for his customers.• Making promises is risky for a company, but it usually does result in improved customer relations.• The refugees are relying on promises of food and aid from the West.• The security of both was the promise of a large proportion of the land after the drainage operation had been successfully completed.• These promise to be of such importance that I shall briefly relate them here, before journeying north.• Inherent in this promise is a kind of security blanket; the union chief is replaced with a mutual fund manager.• Not withstanding this promise, the use of road pricing to change travel habits still seems some way off.
promise that• There has been a promise that prosperity will be permanent.• Food Reform promised an end to sickness if certain procedures were followed, a promise that was not, of course, fulfilled.• Feminism once held out a promise that there would be some precincts of womanly life that were not all about men.• Benn promised that the first thing he would do when returning home would be to go straight to see Michael Watson.• The commission promises that its proposals under the social chapter will be squeaky-clean in their impact on jobs.• The thrifts, many of which were forced into insolvency, say the change violated contractual promises that federal thrift regulators.• City Hall had promised that urban renewal would be used to help restore and stabilize the community.• Smith lamely promised that help would be given to any women wanting to lead a decent life.
fulfil ... early promise• In September 1976 he joined Spurs for £200,000, but his career there never fully fulfilled its earlier promise.• As I entered my fourth lustre, it became evident that I was not going to fulfil my early promise.
Origin promise2
(1300-1400) Latin promissum, from the past participle of promittere “to send out, promise”
TOEFL IELTS BNC: 1478 COCA: 1438
promise

noun¹

 1statement that you will do sth諾言ADJECTIVE | VERB + PROMISE | PROMISE + NOUN | PREPOSITION ADJECTIVE➤big虛空的承諾◇He makes all kinds of big promises he has little intention of keeping.他作出了各種慷慨的承諾，卻沒有打算信守。➤rash輕率的承諾▸➤broken, unfulfilled未遵守的承諾▸➤empty, false, hollow虛假的承諾；空口承諾▸➤vague含糊其詞的承諾▸➤binding, firm有約束力的／堅定的承諾➤solemn莊嚴的承諾➤pinky (= made by linking your little finger with another person's) (NAmE, informal) 拉鈎承諾▸➤campaign, election, pre-election (especially BrE) 競選運動中作的／競選時的／選舉前的承諾➤brand (= printed on a product) (especially NAmE) 品牌承諾VERB + PROMISE➤give sb, make (sb)（向某人）許諾◇You gave me your promise I could use the car tonight.你答應過我今晚可以用車。◇I'll consider it, but I make no promises.我會考慮的，但是我不敢保證。➤hold out恪守諾言◇Organic food seems to hold out the promise of healthy living.看來有機食品有望實現健康生活的承諾。➤fulfil/fulfill, honour/honor, keep信守承諾；兌現承諾▸➤break, go back on食言▸➤extract套取承諾◇We extracted a promise from them that they would repay the money by May.我們設法讓他們作出承諾，在 5 月之前把錢還清。➤hold sb to要求某人遵守諾言◇Politicians should be held to their promises.應該要求政治家們信守自己的諾言。◇The electorate is determined to hold the government to its election promises.選民決心督促政府恪守選舉時作出的承諾。PROMISE + NOUN➤ring (= showing sb's promise to be faithful) 承諾戒指PREPOSITION➤promise about關於⋯的諾言◇They've made all sorts of promises about reforming the health system.他們作出了改革衞生體制的種種承諾。➤promise of⋯的諾言◇promises of support支持的諾言
promise

noun²

 2signs that sb/sth will be successful成功的跡象ADJECTIVE | VERB + PROMISE | PREPOSITION | PHRASES ADJECTIVE➤considerable, enormous, great, real, tremendous大有前途；很有希望◇This new venture holds great promise for the future.這家新企業將大有前途。➤little希望不大▸➤youthful (especially BrE) 年輕時表現出的成功跡象➤early, initial小時候／開始時表現出的成功跡象➤future對未來的承諾VERB + PROMISE➤hold, show有出息；有前途▸➤fulfil/fulfill, live up to實現希望；達到預期的成功◇His career failed to live up to its early promise.他的事業沒有像早期表現的那樣成功。PREPOSITION➤of promise有發展前途的◇a pianist of promise有發展前途的鋼琴手➤promise as作為⋯的前途◇She showed great promise as a runner.她作為賽跑運動員很有前途。PHRASES➤full of promise充滿希望◇The year began so full of promise, and ended in disappointment.這一年開始時充滿了希望，卻以失望而告終。
promise

verb

ADVERB | VERB + PROMISE | PREPOSITION | PHRASES ADVERB➤faithfully信誓旦旦地許諾◇She promised faithfully that she would come.她信誓旦旦地答應會來。➤solemnly莊嚴地許諾➤initially, originally最初／原本承諾➤repeatedly一再承諾◇He repeatedly promised to cut taxes in his campaign.競選中他一再承諾要減稅。VERB + PROMISE➤can能保證◇I can definitely promise you that I'll do all I can to help.我可以明確地向你保證，我將盡我所能提供幫助。➤cannot不能保證◇I can't promise I'll be there.我不能保證我會去那裏。➤seem to似乎預示◇The plan seemed to promise a new beginning.這個計劃似乎預示着新的開端。PREPOSITION➤to向⋯許諾◇I've promised my old computer to Jane.我已答應把舊電腦給簡了。PHRASES➤as promised正如所許諾的那樣◇I am sending you information on hotels, as promised.正如我許諾的，現給你寄去酒店的相關資料。➤I can't promise anything我不能給任何許諾◇I can't promise anything, but I hope to have it finished next week.我不能保證什麼，但是我希望下週會做完。
TOEFL IELTS BNC: 1478 COCA: 1438
promise noun
⇨ promise (keep/break a promise) ⇨ potential (show great promise)promise verb
⇨ promise (Promise not to tell!) ⇨ threaten 3 (It promises to be an exciting few days.) promise

noun

promise ♦︎ commitment ♦︎ word ♦︎ pledge ♦︎ guarantee ♦︎ oath ♦︎ assurance ♦︎ vowThese are all words for a statement that you will definitely do or not do sth or that you are sure that sth will happen. 這些詞均表示諾言、保證。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆a promise / a commitment / your word / a pledge / a guarantee / an oath / a vow to do sth◆a promise / your word / a pledge / a guarantee / an oath / an assurance / a vow that...◆a / your solemn promise / word / oath / assurance / vow◆a firm promise / commitment / pledge / guarantee / assurance◆a formal commitment / guarantee / oath / assurance◆a written promise / commitment / guarantee / assurance◆to give a promise / a commitment / your word / a pledge / a guarantee / an assurance◆to make a promise / commitment / pledge / guarantee / vow◆to take a pledge / an oath / a vow◆to have sb's promise / commitment / word / assurance◆to honour your promise / commitment / word / pledge / assurance◆to keep your promise / commitment / word / vow◆to break a promise / a commitment / your word / a pledge / a vow■ promise [countable] a statement that tells sb that you will definitely do or not do sth 諾言；許諾；承諾◆I try not to make promises that I can't keep.我盡量不承諾無法兌現的事。◆He simply broke every single promise he ever made me.他給我的承諾沒有一個兌現。◆She had obviously forgotten her promise to call me.她顯然把答應給我打電話的事忘得一幹二淨了。◆You haven't gone back on your promise to me, have you?你答應我的該不會反悔了吧？◆I won't be late. That's a promise!我不會遲到的。說話算數！■ commitment [countable, uncountable] (rather formal) a promise or determination to do sth or to behave in a particular way; a promise to support sb/sth; the fact of making a commitment 承諾；許諾承擔；保證◆She doesn't want to make a big emotional commitment to Steve at the moment.她不想在此刻對史蒂夫作出感情上的重大承諾。◆The company's commitment to providing quality at a reasonable price has been vital to its success.這家公司保證物美價廉的承諾是它取得成功的決定性因素。◆He questioned the government's commitment to public services.他對政府在公共服務上作出的承諾提出質疑。   see also committed ⇨ reliable 1 ■ word [singular] a promise that you will do sth or that sth will happen or is true 諾言；許諾；保證◆I give you my word that it won't happen again.我向你保證這種事不會再發生了。◆I never doubted her word.我從不懷疑她的許諾。◆They claimed that the minister had gone back on her word (= broken her promise).他們稱部長沒有兌現她的許諾。◆We only have his word for it that he wasn't there that night.他只是向我們保證他那天晚上沒在那裏。◆She won't go to the police. You can take my word for it (= believe me).她不會報警的，相信我說的話吧。■ pledge [countable] (especially journalism 尤用於新聞) a serious promise 保證；諾言；誓約◆The new leader demanded a pledge of loyalty from each of his allies.新的領導人要求每一位盟友發誓對他忠誠。◆Will the government honour its election pledge not to raise taxes?政府會信守他們的競選諾言不提高稅收嗎？■ guarantee ˌgærənˈtiː [countable] a firm promise that you will do sth or that sth will happen 保證；擔保◆The union wants cast-iron guarantees that there will be no job losses.工會想得到確實可靠的不裁員保證。NOTE 辨析 Promise, pledge or guarantee? Promise is the most frequent and most general of these words, and the only one of these three to use in the context of personal relationships. * promise在三個詞中最常見、含義最寬泛，是唯一能在個人關系語境中使用的詞◆She had obviously forgotten her pledge/guarantee to call me. Pledge is used especially in the context of politics and the things that politicians promise in order to get elected. * pledge尤用於政治語境，可指從政者爲求當選而作的承諾◆election / campaign / manifesto pledges競選承諾◆spending pledges given by the government政府就支出所作的保證 Guarantee is used especially in matters of business involving companies or organizations. * guarantee尤指公司或機構所作的業務擔保。 ■ oath əʊθ; NAmE oʊθ [countable] (rather formal) a formal promise to do sth; a formal statement that sth is true 宣誓；誓言◆All the barons were called on to swear an oath of allegiance to the king.所有的男爵都被召來宣誓效忠國王。◆Before giving evidence, witnesses in court have to take the oath (= promise to tell the truth).作證之前，證人必須當庭宣誓據實作證。ⓘ If you are or do sth on/under oath, you have made a formal promise to tell the truth in court. * on/under oath表示已經當庭宣誓據實作證◆The judge reminded the witness that he was still under oath.法官提醒證人他已當庭宣過誓。■ assurance əˈʃʊərəns, əˈʃɔːrəns; NAmE əˈʃʊrəns [countable] (rather formal) a statement that sth will certainly be true or will certainly happen, particularly when there has been doubt about it （尤指有質疑時的）保證，擔保◆They asked for assurances on the safety of the system.他們要求保證系統安全。◆Despite assurances to the contrary the birds are still being sold as pets.盡管曾擔保不會這樣，但是這些鳥還是被當作寵物賣掉。■ vow vaʊ [countable] a formal and serious promise, especially a religious one, to do sth （尤指宗教的）誓，誓言，誓約◆The monks take a vow of silence.修士要守默誓。◆She would not be unfaithful to her marriage vows.她不會不忠於自己的結婚誓言。 promise

verb

promise ♦︎ guarantee ♦︎ swear ♦︎ pledge ♦︎ commit ♦︎ assure ♦︎ vow ♦︎ undertakeThese words all mean to tell sb that you will definitely do sth or that sth will happen. 這些詞均表示許諾、保證、發誓。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆to swear / vow to sb (that...)◆to promise / guarantee / swear / pledge / vow / undertake to do sth◆to promise / guarantee / swear / pledge / vow that...◆to promise / guarantee / pledge your support◆to swear / pledge allegiance / loyalty◆to swear / vow revenge / eternal friendship / undying love◆to solemnly promise / swear / vow / undertake sth■ promise [transitive, intransitive] to tell sb that you will definitely do or not do sth, or that sth will definitely happen 許諾；答應；保證◆'Promise not to tell anyone!' 'I promise.'“你要保證不告訴任何人！”“我保證。”◆I'll see what I can do but I can't promise anything.我會看看我能做什麽，但不能作什麽承諾。◆You promised me (that) you'd be home early tonight.你答應過我今晚會早回家的。◆'I'll be back soon,' she promised.“我馬上回來。”她答應說。◆He promised the money to his grandchildren.他答應把這筆錢留給孫輩。■ guarantee ˌgærənˈtiː [transitive] to tell sb that sth definitely will or will not happen, or that you defintely will or will not do sth 保證；擔保；保障◆Basic human rights, including freedom of speech, are now guaranteed.包括言論自由在内的基本人權如今都有了保障。◆The ticket will guarantee you free entry.這張票將保證你免費入場。◆We guarantee to deliver your goods within a week.我們保證一周内交貨。NOTE 辨析 Promise or guarantee?When you promise sth, you make a personal commitment to the person you are talking to, usually to do sth. Guarantee is less personal: when you guarantee sth, you mean that you will make sure that it happens. You have a moral duty to do what you have promised, but no one can legally force you to do it. You may have a legal duty to do what you have guaranteed, but people often use the word guarantee without actually accepting a legal duty: they mean it as a stronger form of promise. * promise指作出個人之間的承諾，通常指承諾做某事。guarantee不那麽個人化，表示保證某事會發生。promise指作出道德上有義務兌現的承諾，但該承諾不具有法律約束力。guarantee可以指作出法律上有履約義務的保證，但使用這個詞時常常並不真的表示具有法律效力，只是一種比promise語義更強的保證。■ swear (swore, sworn) [transitive, intransitive, no passive] to make a serious or official promise to do sth or to tell the truth, for example in court 鄭重承諾，發誓（如在法庭上）◆She made him swear not to tell anyone.她讓他發誓不告訴任何人。◆He swore revenge on the man who had killed his father.他發誓要報殺父之仇。◆I swear to God I had nothing to do with it.我對天發誓，我跟這事一點關系都沒有。◆Witnesses were required to swear on the Bible.證人須手按《聖經》宣誓。◆ (spoken) I think I put the keys back in the drawer, but I couldn't swear to it (= I'm not completely sure).我想我把鑰匙放回抽屜裏了，不過我不敢肯定。■ pledge [transitive] to formally promise to give or do sth 正式承諾；保證給予（或做）◆Japan pledged $100 million in humanitarian aid.日本承諾提供1億元的人道主義援助。◆Politicians of all parties pledged their support for the idea.各黨派的政客都保證支持這個主張。◆The government has pledged that it will not raise taxes.政府保證不增加稅收。■ commit (-tt-) [transitive] to promise sincerely that you will definitely do sth or keep to an agreement or arrangement, knowing that failure to do so may make things difficult for you; to give an opinion or make a decision openly so that it is then difficult to change it 承諾，保證（做某事、遵守協議或遵從安排）；（公開）表明意見，作出決定（使得日後難以更改）◆Several countries were reluctant to commit themselves to the treaty.有幾個國家不願簽署這項條約。◆The party was committed to reforming the electoral system.該黨承諾要改革選舉體制。◆You don't have to commit yourself now, just think about it.你不必現在表態，只需考慮一下這事。  see also committed ⇨ reliable 1 ■ assure əˈʃʊə(r), əˈʃɔː(r); NAmE əˈʃʊr [transitive] to tell sb that sth is definitely true or is definitely going to happen, especially when they have doubts about it （尤指有質疑時）使確信，向⋯保證◆We were assured that everything possible was being done.我們得到保證：正在盡一切努力。◆She's perfectly safe, I can assure you.她絕對安全，我可以向你保證。◆We assured him of our loyal support.我們向他保證會忠誠地支持他。■ vow vaʊ [transitive] (rather formal, especially written) to make a formal and serious promise to do sth 起誓；立誓；發誓◆She vowed never to speak to him again.她發誓再也不和他說話。◆They vowed eternal friendship.他們立誓要友誼長存。NOTE 辨析 Swear or vow?People can swear that things are, have been or will be true, but vow is more often used to talk about things you are determined to do in the future. * swear可以指發誓事情在過去、現在或將來會如此，但vow較常指發誓將來一定做某事。■ undertake ˌʌndəˈteɪk; NAmE ˌʌndərˈteɪk(undertook, undertaken) [transitive] (formal or business 商業) to agree or promise that you will do sth 承諾；許諾；答應◆They undertook to finish the job by Friday.他們答應周五之前完成這一工作。
TOEFL IELTS BNC: 1478 COCA: 1438
promise
To make a promise: promise, commit, swear...
Predicting and prediction: predict, prediction, forecast...
Promises: promise, commitment, guarantee...
The possibility that something will happen: possibility, chance, probability...
Relating to the future: future, potential, prospect...
Signs of how things are or what may happen in the future: sign, signal, indication...

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