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TOEFL BNC: 3374 COCA: 3951

necessity

Word family 
ne·ces·si·ty /nəˈsesəti/ ●●○ noun (plural necessities)  
1  NEED[countableC] something that you need to have in order to live 必需品 OPP luxury
 She saw books as a necessity, not a luxury.
她视书籍为必需品而非奢侈品。
 A car is an absolute necessity if you live in the country.
你要是住在乡下，绝对需要有辆汽车。
the basic/bare necessities
 A lot of families cannot even afford to buy the basic necessities of life.
很多家庭甚至买不起基本的生活必需品。
2  NEED[uncountableU] when something is necessary 必要；需要
necessity for
 He emphasized the necessity for good planning and management.
他强调了做好规划和管理的必要。
the necessity of (doing) something
 This illustrates the necessity of keeping accurate records of your work.
这说明有必要准确记录你的工作情况。
 Many teachers are now questioning the necessity of formal exams.
现在许多老师都在质疑正式考试的必要性。
through/out of necessity
 He only remained with the group out of necessity.
他只是出于需要才留在那个小组。
economic/practical/political etc necessity 经济/实际/政治等需要
 I’m afraid it’s become a matter of economic necessity.
恐怕这已成了一个经济需求的问题。
3  MUST[countableC] something that must happen, even if it is unpleasant 无奈的事物；不好却必要的东西
 Taxes are a regrettable necessity.
税收是令人遗憾的无奈之举。
4  of necessity formal used when something happens in a particular way because that is the only possible way it can happen 势必，必定
 Many of the jobs are, of necessity, temporary.
有许多工作岗位势必是临时性的。
Examples from the Corpus
of necessity• East-West relations have, of necessity, dominated the agenda for the past 45 years.
5. necessity is the mother of invention used to say that if someone really needs to do something, they will find a way of doing it 需求乃发明之母
Examples from the Corpus
necessity• I would say that TV has become more a necessity than a luxury, wouldn't you?• A car is an absolute necessity in this town.• For several years, the family was forced to make do with just the bare necessities.• Even basic necessities such as pencils and paper were lacking in the school.• Ultimately a growing population of families unable to meet the basic necessities of life invites uncontainable crime and disease.• The decision to sell the car was fueled by necessity.• In the longer term, that particular barrier is likely to disappear through sheer economic necessity on the part of business.• Economic necessity or opportunity often forces them to make decisions that favor a particular constituency over its counterparts.• Protests were countered by claims of the objective necessity of maintaining financial security.• It will itself exist of necessity, and it will necessarily contain all possibilities in itself.• Of necessity two different ways of measuring the same thing must come to the same conclusion.• The court held that necessity was a defence to the claim in trespass and nuisance.• A list made beforehand and ticked off should obviate the necessity for this though.
absolute necessity• Supplies of liquid helium are an absolute necessity in many modern science laboratories.• Artificial light is an absolute necessity for the developments of plants.• Careful searching of the literature is an absolute necessity in the preparation of any study and solution to problems.• This is an absolute necessity and to work in defiance of it means total failure.• There are two infestations that are commonly transmitted in this way although there is no absolute necessity for this mode of transmission.• Design, development and management have in common the absolute necessity of taking action based on incomplete information.• White gloves and a pillbox hat were absolute necessities.
necessity for• There is no real necessity for more parking.
Origin necessity
(1300-1400) French necessité, from Latin necessitas, from necesse; → NECESSARY
ne·ces·si·ty noun
Chinese
Syllable
Corpus
TOEFL BNC: 3374 COCA: 3951
necessity

noun¹

 1fact that sth must happen; sth that cannot be avoided必然的事；不可避免的事ADJECTIVE | VERB + NECESSITY | NECESSITY + VERB | PREPOSITION | PHRASES ADJECTIVE➤absolute, fundamental, sheer, vital絕對必要；必不可少；完全必要◇Sleep is an absolute necessity for life.睡眠是生命中絕對必要的。➤dire, urgent緊急的／急迫的需要▸➤immediate即刻需要▸➤real真正必要➤perceived感知到的需要▸➤strategic戰略需要▸➤logical, physical, practical邏輯的必然；物理的必然；實用的必需品◇The people in the rural areas use mud bricks only as an immediate, practical necessity.農村人只是把泥磚作為一種便捷實用的必需品。➤business, economic, financial, historical, medical, military, political, social商務必需；經濟必需；財政必需；歷史必然；醫學必需；軍事必需；政治必需；社會必然◇He argued that nuclear weapons were a political necessity.他認為核武器在政治上是必需的。VERB + NECESSITY➤become成為必需◇A website has become a business necessity.網站已成為商業上的必需品。➤recognize, see, understand認識到／看到／理解必要性◇She saw the necessity to make an immediate impression on him.她意識到必須立刻給他留下印象。➤feel感到有必要◇I've never felt the necessity to rely on such a strict rule.我從不覺得非得遵循如此嚴格的規定。➤accept (sth as), be convinced of認可（⋯的）必要性；確信必要◇They have accepted the necessity of greater state intervention.他們已經認同國家進一步介入的必要。➤avoid, obviate, remove使不必要；免除必要性▸➤spare sb不一定非要某人（參與）不可◇Mrs R has been spared the necessity of having to give evidence.R 夫人獲准不是非要作證不可。➤emphasize, highlight, stress強調必要性；突出必要性◇Observers stressed the necessity for the ceasefire to be observed.觀察員強調必須遵守停火協議。➤be born of, be born out of出自⋯的必需◇Culling of the animals was born out of the necessity for successful conservation.宰殺動物中的弱者是保護自然的必要措施。➤be driven by受必要性驅使◇Driven by financial necessity, she decided to give up her writing career.由於經濟需要，她決定結束寫作生涯。NECESSITY + VERB➤arise必要性出現◇These animals don't like water but will swim if the necessity arises.這些動物不喜水，但必要時會游泳。➤dictate (sth), require (sth)必要性規定⋯／要求⋯◇This rule is carried no farther than necessity requires.這項規定僅限於在必要時施行。➤force sth必要性迫使⋯◇Necessity forced an urgent solution.有必要立即解決問題。PREPOSITION➤of necessity勢必◇The visit will, of necessity, be brief.訪問時間勢必會很短暫。➤out of necessity出於必要◇He is changing jobs out of necessity, not because he particularly wants to.他不得已才換工作，並非是自己特別願意。➤through necessity由於必要◇Most of the women are forced, through economic necessity, to work in part-time low-paid jobs.大多數婦女出於經濟原因才不得不做一些報酬低廉的兼職工作。➤without the necessity of沒有⋯的必要◇Most disputes can be resolved without the necessity of going to court.大多數爭端無需提到法庭上去就能解決。➤necessity for有必要⋯◇There's no necessity for you to come.你沒有必要來。➤necessity to做⋯的必要◇the necessity to earn a living謀生的需要PHRASES➤any necessity, no necessity有任何／沒有必要◇The company sees no necessity for a more cautious approach to investment.公司認為沒有必要採取更加謹慎的投資方式。
necessity

noun²

 2sth you must have必需的事物ADJECTIVE | VERB + NECESSITY | PHRASES ADJECTIVE➤absolute絕對的需要▸➤vital關鍵的必需品▸➤real真正的需要▸➤urgent緊急的需要◇Policies which address these issues are an urgent necessity.迫切需要的是解決這些問題的政策。➤bare, basic最起碼的需要；基本需要◇They have nothing but the barest necessities.除了最基本的必需品之外，他們一無所有。➤daily日常必需品VERB + NECESSITY➤have有必需的東西▸➤lack缺乏必需的東西PHRASES➤a necessity of life生活所需◇Food is a necessity of life.食物是維持生命所必需的。
TOEFL BNC: 3374 COCA: 3951
necessity noun
⇨ certainty (Living in London was an unfortunate necessity.) ⇨ need (basic necessities)
TOEFL BNC: 3374 COCA: 3951
necessity
Important thing or detail: feature, priority, element...
Something that is difficult or unpleasant to do or deal with: task, burden, necessity...

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