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Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English
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know

Word family

know1 /nəʊ $ noʊ/ S1 W1 verb (past tensepst knew /njuː $ nuː/, past participlepp known /nəʊn $ noʊn/) → no

1 have information 知道信息 [intransitiveI, transitiveT]KNOW something to have information about something 知道，了解

Who knows the answer?

谁知道答案？

There are instructions telling you everything you need to know.

操作指南会告诉你所有须知事项。

Didn’t you know that?

你不知道那件事吗？

know what/how/where etc

Do you know what time it is?

你知道现在几点吗？

I don’t know where to go.

我不知道去哪里。

know (something/nothing etc) about something

I need to know more about the job before I decide whether to apply for it.

我要对这份工作多加了解再决定是否申请。

Little is known about the author’s childhood.

这位作者的童年几乎不为人知。

I know all about David and what he’s been up to!

我对戴维和他一直在干什么都知道得一清二楚！

know (something/nothing etc) of something

I wonder if he knew of the plan?

我在想他是不是知道这个计划？

Do you know of any good restaurants in the area?

你知道这地方有什么好餐馆吗？

You know nothing of this business.

你对这个行业一无所知。

know (that)

We know that greenhouse gases can affect the climate.

我们知道温室气体会对气候产生影响。

Let me know (=tell me) what time you’re planning to arrive.

请告诉我你打算什么时候到。

I thought you’d want to know immediately.

我以为你想马上知道。

If you must know, I was with James last night (=used when you are angry because someone wants to know something).

如果你非要知道的话，我昨晚是和詹姆斯在一起。

without somebody/sb’s knowing

He slipped out of the house without his parents knowing (=secretly).

他瞒着父母，偷偷溜出了家。

How did he know (=how did he find information about) our names?

他是怎么知道我们姓名的？

as you/we know

‘I’m divorced, as you know, ’ she said briefly.

“我离婚了，你知道的。”她简短地说道。

be known to do something

Smoking is known to increase a person’s risk of developing lung cancer.

人们知道，吸烟会增加罹患肺癌的风险。

n Grammar

In more formal English, you say it is known that or it is known who/why/what etc:

It is known that the drug causes infertility.

It is not known how many people were killed.

2 be sure 肯定 [intransitiveI, transitiveT]SURE to be sure about something 肯定，确定

3 be familiar with SB/STH 熟悉某人/某物 [transitiveT]KNOW somebodyKNOW something to be familiar with a person, place etc 熟悉，了解

4 realize 意识到 [intransitiveI, transitiveT]REALIZE to realize, find out about, or understand something 认识到，明白，懂得

5 skill/experience 技巧/经验 [transitiveT]EXPERIENCE to have learned a lot about something or be skilful and experienced at doing something 精通，熟悉，懂得

6 know SB’s qualities 了解某人的品质 [transitiveT] to think that someone has particular qualities 认为，知道〔某人具备某种品质〕

7 know better

Examples from the Corpus

knew better than to• And Jessamy knew better than to argue with him when he used that particular tone of voice.• They knew better than to be left out.• The photograph became a powerful presence in my life, so much so that Kip knew better than to comment.• I knew better than to go in.• Now Ralph knew better than to let his hopes swell but still they surged like a rain-drunk river.• Or, if they did, they knew better than to remonstrate with the grim-faced man behind her.• Charlie would understand what I meant, but I knew better than to speak to him about Frank.• She knew better than to walk around the front of the house.

8 not know any better used to say that someone does something bad or stupid because they have not been told or taught that it is wrong 不明真相，不明就里〔因而做了坏事或傻事〕

Examples from the Corpus

not know any better• Before Sinai, one could argue, the people had the excuse of not knowing any better.

9 know something inside out (also know something backwards British English, know something backwards and forwards American English) to be very familiar with something, especially because you have learned about it or because you have a lot of experience 对某事了如指掌，对某事十分了解

Examples from the Corpus

know something inside out• As he was a thoroughly professional journalist, he already knew the media inside out.• He stutters, but he caddied for me for five years and he knows the game inside out.• I know this one Inside out!• Start off by adding every email address you know, and click on all the options until you know it inside out.• They know their stuff inside out, but most importantly they also look like they are having a whale of a time.• Of course, if everyone knew their partners inside out, there's a good chance no-one would ever plight their troth.

10 know your way around something

Examples from the Corpus

know your way around something• And he knew his way around.• The people had been friendly, and she had known her way around.• Bike testers these days tend to know their way around a track.• They seemed to know their way around; at least one of them must have been familiar with the layout.• For he is convinced he knows his way around better than anyone else on earth.• Fortunately, I knew my way around cars.• He knows his way around the course and, with any luck, I felt the ground would come up soft.• For those who have used soft chalk pastels and know their way around the tints I would advise loose pastels.

11 make yourself known (to somebody) formal to introduce yourself to someone (对某人)作自我介绍

Examples from the Corpus

make yourself known (to somebody)• Jaq daydreamed about a subsequent year when Baal Firenze had first made himself known.• My superior self was working out a way to approach and make myself known.• To leave was to admit defeat in this peculiar ritual of making myself known.• With that you will make yourself known.• Your five minutes only start when you make yourself known.• He makes himself known with a tiny, metallic clink-clink-clink from within the bushes.

12 recognize 辨认出 [transitiveT]RECOGNIZE to be able to recognize someone or something 认出，认识，辨认出

13 know somebody/something as something to have a particular name 把某人/某物称为…

Examples from the Corpus

commonly known as• I am what is commonly known as a loner.• This traveling wave of altered electrical potential is called an action potential, more commonly known as a nerve impulse.• The combination is commonly known as a protease cocktail.• The Chilcotts were still commonly known as Amossy's tribe, his shade an ever-present influence upon them.• Usenet forums are commonly known as newsgroups.• These forms of power are commonly known as reward and coercive power respectively.• This method, which is commonly known as staged search, does affect the admissibility of the algorithm.• This species is commonly known as the Malayan Angel-fish, Mono and more rarely the Fingerfish.

14 know something from something UNDERSTANDto understand the difference between one thing and another 分辨事物，知道事物间的差异

Examples from the Corpus

know something from something• I wouldn't know a French wine from a California wine.

15 experience 经验 [transitiveT]EXPERIENCE to have experience of a particular feeling or situation 经历，体验，知道

16 somebody/something is not known to be something or somebody/something has never been known to do somethingNOT DO something used to say there is no information that someone or something has particular qualities 据说某人/某事物不是某种情况/不会做某事

Examples from the Corpus

somebody/something is not known to be something• It is not known to be propagated vegetatively at all and can only be reproduced from seeds.• This species is not known to be vicious.

17 I’ve known somebody/something to do something or somebody/something has been known to do somethingSOMETIMES used to say that someone does something sometimes or that something happens sometimes, even if it is unusual 我知道某人做过某事/发生了某种情况〔尽管并不常见〕

SPOKEN PHRASES

40 there’s no knowing NOT KNOWit is impossible to know 无从知道，难以预料

Examples from the Corpus

there’s no knowing• If we go there's no knowing.• Otherwise there's no knowing just how many more he would have killed.

41 let it be known/make it known (that) formal to make sure that people know something, especially by getting someone else to tell them 使人知道(…)，让人知晓(…)〔尤指通过别人传达〕

42 not want to know British EnglishBrE informalREFUSE to not be interested in someone and what they want to say 不想知道，不感兴趣

Examples from the Corpus

not want to know• You'd think the government would be concerned about people sleeping rough, but they just don't want to know.• I did not want to know.• The employers, although they are expected to contribute, do not want to know.• Whatever it was, Lisa did not want to know.• If you're going to start an argument with Alex I don't want to know about it.• She never asked because she did not want to know if they all had to be burned.• And accustomed now to not knowing why, did not want to know it.• Holmes did not want to know too much about the people in his cases.• I did not want to know what was going on in the world.

43 know the score informal to understand a situation and all the good and bad features about it 知道实情，了解真相

Examples from the Corpus

know the score• And I didn't break any hearts - they all knew the score.• No great discoveries, but at least he knew the score.• Some bisexual relationships work perfectly well as long as everyone knows the score.• You know the score, give the urban kids a slice of country life.• Valdez knew the score -- the deal was indefensible.• Like music, the better one knows the score, the greater the delight and reward one gains from reading it.• Just so you know the score, Walt, Ann's going to be working with me from now on.• Just so you know the score, Walt.

44 not know what hit you informal to feel shocked and confused because something happens when you are not expecting it to 目瞪口呆，大为惊讶

45 know your place used to say that someone understands that they are less important than other people – usually used humorously 有自知之明，知道自己位置何在〔一般为幽默用法〕

Examples from the Corpus

know your place• I'll get back to the kitchen then - I know my place!• Mitch and I know our place.• She did not love him, but he knew his place.• There was a lot to be said for knowing your place if you wanted help from Bloomsbury House.• George W.. Bush knows his place in the 1996 presidential race.• Everyone knew their place in the family, and Dad's was usually behind the newspaper.• We know our place in this world.• He knew his place, Shamlou mused contentedly.• It ought to know its place, which ought not to be No. 1.

46 know no bounds formal if a feeling or quality knows no bounds, it is not limited in any way 无止境，无穷无尽

Examples from the Corpus

know no bounds• And as you know, greed knows no bounds.• As the men filed into Faneuil Hall, in solid columns, the enthusiasm knew no bounds...• Faith in benign science knew no bounds.• His business enterprise knew no bounds.• It was once again proved that the credulity of trainees knew no bounds.• Sarah's pride in her daughter knew no bounds.• Only in later centuries, when Constant Drachenfels' daring knew no bounds, did the famed, fabled horrors begin.

47 somebody knows best KNOW somethingused to say that someone should be obeyed or that their way of doing things should be accepted because they are experienced 某人最懂，某人最了解

48 before you know it used to say that something happens very quickly and when you are not expecting it 转眼之间，一下子

Examples from the Corpus

before you know it• Spring break will be here before you know it.• You'll be fully recovered before you know it.• It happens before you know it.• Take time with people, and you will see success in your business before you know it.• They claim that news is just around the corner, and that it will be on us before we know it.• One thing kept leading to another, and before I knew it a small industry had been set in motion.• You offer to iron his shirt and before you know it, he expects you to do all the housework.• He saves his money, before you know it he owns a car.• It seemed a long way away but before we knew it we were paying the last of the deposits.

49 know different/otherwise informal to know that the opposite of something is true 知道并非如此

Examples from the Corpus

know different/otherwise• Christopher would tell me all sorts of things I would never know otherwise.• Just another wench, he told himself angrily, but deep down he knew different.• Now, presumably, they know different.• The answer is probably no - but do you know otherwise?• The public may think the law applies only to the most dangerous offenders, but inmates know otherwise.• We knew otherwise - and told you so on October 26,1990.• If you know different contact: who would like to get this year's books completed.• We teach them, you know different things.

50. know your own mind INDEPENDENT PERSONto be confident and have firm ideas about what you want and like 有自信，有自己的主见

Examples from the Corpus

know your own mind• People often didn't know their own minds.• You don't know your own mind.• Though not yet 15, Sara knows her own mind, and has already decided on a career.• All of which suggests a person who knows his own mind and makes his own decisions.• I'm in my mid-thirties and ought to know my own mind by now, but I'm scared of getting married.• He hardly knew his own mind, they said candidly among their own intimates.• Shirley giggled and said I was a woman who knew her own mind, wasn't I, Jim?

51 you will be delighted/pleased etc to know (that) formalHAPPY used before you give someone information that they will be pleased to hear 你要是知道(…)准会高兴的

52 it’s ... , Jim, but not as we know itJim, but not as we know it it’s ... informal humorous used to say that something is completely different from what we would normally expect something of its type to be 那算是…，但不是我们所熟悉的那种

→ the next thing I/she etc knew at next1(6)

n GRAMMAR: Using the progressive

Know is not used in the progressive. You say:

I know who that is.

Do you know this song?

✗Don’t say: I’m knowing who that is. | Are you knowing this song?

However, the participle knowing is sometimes used:

Knowing she would appreciate it, I offered to help.

Examples from the Corpus

know• I asked several people where Paul was, but no one knew.• He knew a lot about baseball, and about how to pick great players.• How much do you know about the Moore case?• I didn't know any of the songs they were singing.• Do you know any Polish?• Do you know anyone who can repair a boiler?• I don't know anything about football.• "Do you know Boston at all?" "Yes, I went to college there."• Ask Eric about your brakes - he knows cars.• Do you two know each other?• I knew he was ill, but I didn't realize he had cancer.• Everyone who knew her described her as a kind, generous person.• Although we worked for him for years, Cathy was the only one who knew him well.• Everyone knew immediately how serious the situation was.• As soon as the phone rang, we knew something terrible must have happened.• Do you know that Hitchcock movie about a man who is being chased?• Carol doesn't know the city very well yet.• Do you know where Andy is?• "Are you going home for Christmas?" "I don't know yet."• I just know your mother will love this necklace.

be known to do something• The hormone is known to affect reproduction and gonadal function, and to have an influence on the growth of tumours.• Yet some companies are known to be keen to offer a wide fund choice from well regarded external fund managers.• They are known to counteract both the vasoconstriction and the enhanced platelet aggregation present in the initial phase of migraine.• Many population dynamics models are known to exhibit chaos.• Joe never forged letters that were known to exist.• She is known to have helped the sick in the hospitals of Rome and to have given generously to the needy.• Five other fighters are known to have tested positive.• Watanabe was known to take a more hawkish line than his predecessors on defence issues.

you never know• He might say yes. You never know.• I'd love to be a doctor, but you have to be very clever for that. Still, you never know.• I don't think I'll ever get married, but you never know.• You never know, Paul might love it.• Why don't you ask for a raise? You never know, they could say yes.

knowing somebody/if I know somebody• In retrospect, knowing what I know now, I guess he wanted to make up for what happened during the war.

knew nothing of• He knew nothing of her trip to Bath, and supposed she had only been to visit Liddy.• The new Welf candidate was Otto, brother of the count Palatine Henry, a man who knew nothing of imperial affairs.• He knew nothing of Odysseus; they had not left Troy together and no word of him had reached Nestor since.• I told him I knew nothing of that.• Smith knew nothing of the idea of organic evolution that Charles Darwin was to enunciate some decades later.• Codinha said he had no evidence to dispute the Clintons' assertion that they knew nothing of the missing records' whereabouts.• I knew nothing of what had been growing between them in the mails.• She knew nothing of Wuthering Heights or Heathcliff.

knows a thing or two• Dave Wood was our 1991 Aquachamp and knows a thing or two about fish.• He also knows a thing or two about golf.

never known ... to• I have never known any conductor to accept a tip, to their credit.• In her lifetime she was never known to cry, never known to complain.• All her magic was used to help the people, and she was never known to hurt anyone who was good.• This country has never known what to make of the District of Columbia.• Ezra had never known him to take or even talk about such chances.• Jay had never known it to work for more than weeks.

know2 noun

in the know informalKNOW something having more information about something than most people 知情的，熟知内情的

People in the know say that interest rates will have to rise again soon.

知情人士说，利率将很快再次上升。

Origin know1

Old English cnawan

know1 verb

→10-19

→20-30

→n GRAMMAR1 →n GRAMMAR2 →SPOKEN PHRASES1know2 noun

LDOCE Online

Chinese

Corpus

BNC: 49 COCA: 47

know

verb¹

have information about sth知道

ADVERB | VERB + KNOW | PREPOSITION | PHRASES

ADVERB

➤full well, perfectly well, very well完全知道；徹底瞭解

◇You know very well what I'm talking about!你非常清楚我在說什麼！

➤for certain, for sure確實知道

◇I don't know for certain, but I think she lives in the next town.我不太確定，但我覺得她就住在鄰鎮。

➤just就知道

◇I just knew there would be problems.我就知道會有問題。

➤honestly not確實不知道

◇I honestly don't know what they mean to do.我確實不知道他們要幹什麼。

➤beforehand提前知道

◇If I'd known beforehand how bad it would be, I wouldn't have gone.如果早知道會這麼糟糕，我就不會去了。

VERB + KNOW

➤let sb告訴某人

◇Please let me know (= tell me) if there's anything I can do to help.如果有什麼我能幫忙的，請儘管告訴我。

PREPOSITION

➤about瞭解⋯

◇He knows a lot about music.他很懂音樂。

➤of知道有⋯

◇I don't know of anyone who might be interested in the job.我不知道有誰會對這份工作感興趣。

PHRASES

➤be widely known眾所周知

◇It is widely known that CFCs can damage the ozone layer.眾所周知，氯氟烴能破壞臭氧層。

➤know a lot, nothing, very little, etc.知道很多、什麼也不知道、知道很少等

➤you never know永遠不會知道

◇Be prepared for rain－you never know what the weather will be like.做好下雨的準備－天氣會怎麼樣很難預料。

know

verb²

realize意識到

ADVERB | PHRASES

ADVERB

➤exactly, precisely準確／精確瞭解

◇I know exactly how you feel.我完全瞭解你的感受。

➤immediately, instantly立即／馬上意識到

◇I instantly knew what the call was about.我當即就意識到這個電話的來意了。

➤instinctively本能地知道

◇He knew instinctively where he would find her.他本能地知道在哪兒能找到她。

PHRASES

➤the next thing I, he, etc. knew接下來我、他等所知道的

◇The next thing I knew, I was waking up in hospital.等到我醒來的時候就在醫院了。

know

verb³

be familiar with sb/sth熟悉

ADVERB | VERB + KNOW | PREPOSITION | PHRASES

ADVERB

➤well非常熟悉

◇I don't know John very well.我不太瞭解約翰。

➤poorly瞭解很少

◇The properties of this substance are poorly known.這種物質的特性人們知之甚少。

➤barely, hardly勉強認識；幾乎不瞭解

◇But I hardly know the woman!可是我幾乎不認識那個女人！

➤personally親自打交道

◇I don't know them personally.我沒和他們打過交道。

➤internationally, nationally國際上／全國聞名

VERB + KNOW

➤get to開始瞭解

◇She's very nice when you get to know her.你瞭解她後就會覺得她人非常好。

PREPOSITION

➤for因為⋯熟悉

◇He is internationally known for his work with vaccines.他以其疫苗研究聞名國際。

PHRASES

➤be known to sb為某人所熟悉

◇This man is known to the police (= as a criminal).這個人是在警方掛了號的。

➤be widely known廣為人知

know

verb⁴

be known as

have a particular name名叫；叫作

ADVERB | PREPOSITION

ADVERB

➤commonly, popularly一般稱為；普遍稱作

➤affectionately深情地稱為

➤collectively統稱為

◇parts of the body known collectively as the sensory system統稱為感覺系統的身體部位

➤variously有五花八門的名稱

◇The drug is variously known as crack or freebase.這種毒品的叫法五花八門，有人稱為“快克”，也有人叫它“游離鹼”。

➤locally當地稱為

▸➤formerly, previously以前稱作

◇Iran was formerly known as Persia.伊朗以前叫波斯。

PREPOSITION

➤to被⋯稱為

◇He was known as Bonzo to his friends.他的朋友稱他為邦佐。

BNC: 49 COCA: 47

know verb
⇨ know 1 (If only we'd known…) ⇨ know 2 (I know it's here somewhere!) ⇨ feel (know what it is like to be poor) ⇨ learn (know how to use spreadsheets) ⇨ know sth by heart, know sth off/down pat ⇨ learn ⇨ get to know sb ⇨ meet 3know

verb

If only we'd known... 我们要是早知道⋯就好了

I know it's here somewhere! 我肯定它就在这附近！

feelknow what it is like to be poorlearnknow how to use spreadsheetsknow sth by heartknow sth off/down patmeet3get to know sb

know

♦︎

realize

♦︎

appreciateThese words all mean to understand or be aware of sth. 这些词均表示理解或意识到某事。

PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配

◆without knowing / realizing / appreciating sth

◆to know / realize / appreciate that...

◆to know / realize / appreciate what / how / why...

◆to know / realize where...

◆to begin / come to know / realize / appreciate sth

◆hope sb knows / realizes / appreciates sth

◆should have known / realized / appreciated sth

■ know

(

knew

, known

)

[transitive]

(not used in the progressive tenses 不用于进行时)

to understand or be aware of a particular fact or situation 明白；懂得；意识到

◆He knew he was dying.他意识到自己快死了。

◆I know exactly how you feel.我非常清楚你的感受。

◆You know perfectly well what she meant.你完全明白她的意思。

◆

(spoken)

'He's feeling really down.' 'I know.'“他的情绪相当低落。”“我能理解。”

◆If only we'd known you were having so many problems!我们要是早知道你当时面临着这么多困难就好了！

◆This case is hopeless and he knows it (= although he will not admit it).这个案子毫无希望，这一点他是清楚的。

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