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TOEFL IELTS BNC: 588 COCA: 442

former

Word family 
for·mer1 /ˈfɔːmə $ ˈfɔːrmər/ ●●● S2 W1 adjectiveadj [only before noun]  
1  BEFOREhappening or existing before, but not now 以前〔发生或存在〕的，从前的 → present, previous
 the former Soviet Union
前苏联
 Their farm has been reduced to half its former size.
他们的农场已缩小到以前的一半。
► see thesaurus at last
2  having a particular position in the past 〔地位、职位〕昔日的，前任的 SYN ex-, → present
 my former husband
我的前夫
 former President Clinton
前总统克林顿
3. in former times/years in the past 从前，以前
Examples from the Corpus
in former times/years• No rocks, to our knowledge, are untouched by life in former times.
4  somebody/something’s former self BEFOREwhat someone or something was like before they were changed by age, illness, trouble etc 某人/某物以前的模样〔指与现在经历衰老、疾病、苦难等后对比〕
 She seems more like her former self.
她似乎回到了以前的样子。
be a shadow/ghost of your former self (=be much less confident, healthy, energetic etc than you used to be) 不像以前那样，远不如以前〔自信、健康、有活力等〕
 The team’s a shadow of its former self.
该队雄风不再。
Examples from the Corpus
somebody/something’s former self• A man once famed for his intolerance, xenophobia and irrational rages has become a husk of his former self.• However, such plans would have required Melanie to want to preserve her former self.• Over the last few months he had become rather withdrawn and mistrustful; a subdued version of his former self.• Sharpness docks is now a shadow of it's former self.• Stark had taken me to a place where I could shed my former selves and start anew.• The 1984 Geyserville was a shell of its former self.• The trees were dusty and muscular; zealous visions of their former selves.• There he was with his cigar, a shadow of his former self.
Examples from the Corpus
former• Canada is a former British colony.• Her former husband now lives in Houston.• Most of the former inmates sought refuge in his abbey, and many stayed on to help run it.• He was an adviser to former President Reagan.• Weinburger was an advisor to former president Ronald Reagan.• In the fall of 1990 we moved our baking facility from Forestville to downtown Santa Rosa, into a former tortilla factory.• Civil war raged for years in the former Yugoslavia.
former2 noun  
1  the former formalFIRST the first of two people or things that you have just mentioned 前者 OPP the latter
 Of the two possibilities, the former seems more likely.
在这两种可能性中，前者似乎更有可能。
Examples from the Corpus
the former• Of the two possibilities, the former seems more likely.
2. first/second/sixth etc former British EnglishBrESES used in some schools to show which class a student is in, according to how many years they have been in school 一年级/二年级/六年级等的学生
Examples from the Corpus
first/second/sixth etc former• Debbie is a sixth former at Abergele High School.
Examples from the Corpus
former• Steven Soderbergh, nominated as best director for both Traffic and Erin Brockovich, won for the former.• For the former, therefore, to return among the latter was not to degrade, but to promote them.
From Longman Business Dictionary
formerfor·mer /ˈfɔːməˈfɔːrmər/ adjectiveadj [only before a noun]
happening or existing in the past, but not now
the former chairman of United Telecommunications Inc
Origin former1
(1100-1200) forme “first” ((12-16 centuries)), from Old English forma
for·mer1 adjectiveadjformer2 noun
Chinese
Syllable
Corpus
TOEFL IELTS BNC: 588 COCA: 442
TOEFL IELTS BNC: 588 COCA: 442
former adj.
⇨ former (my former boss) ⇨ previous (former glory) former

adjective

former ♦︎ old ♦︎ then ♦︎ ex-These words all describe sb/sth that used to have a particular position or status in the past. 这些词均表示昔日的、原先的。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆sb's former / old / then / ex-partner / boyfriend / girlfriend◆sb's former / then / ex-husband / wife◆sb's former / old / then boss◆a former / an old / an ex-lover / colleague / member◆a former / an old friend / ally / enemy◆the former / then / ex-president / ambassador◆a former / an old / an ex-student◆a former / an ex-communist / king / patient / smoker◆a former / an old / an ex-colony■ former [only before noun] (rather formal) that used to have a particular position or status in the past 昔日的；前◆She's the former world champion.她是前世界冠军。 OPP current ⇨ recent , future ⇨ next ■ old [only before noun] used to refer to sth that has been replaced by sth else （用于指称被替代的东西）原来的，原先的◆We had more room in our old house.我们原先的房子比较宽敞。◆I met up with some old school friends.我跟几个老校友见了面。 OPP new ⓘ A new person or thing is one that you have not met, had or experienced before. * new指新的、新颖的、以前未体验过的◆He's made a lot of new friends.他交了许多新朋友。◆When do you start your new job?你什么时候开始新工作？◆This is a new experience for me.这是我的一次新体验。◆Our system is probably new to you.你也许不熟悉我们的系统。 ■ then [only before noun] used to refer to sb who had a particular title or position at the time in the past that is being discussed 当时（任职）的◆That decision was taken more than ten years ago by the then president.那个决定是十多年前由当时的总统作出的。 OPP current ⇨ recent ■ ex-

combining form

former 前◆My ex-wife and I are not on speaking terms.我的前妻和我现在连话都不说。 OPP current ⇨ recent , future ⇨ next NOTE 辨析 Former or ex-? Former has a wider range of collocates than ex-. 与ex-相比，former的搭配词范围更广◆sb's ex-boss/friend/ally/enemy When ex- can be used it is less formal than former and is preferred in spoken English. * ex-不如former正式，一般用于口语中。
TOEFL IELTS BNC: 588 COCA: 442

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