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IELTS BNC: 319 COCA: 333

public

Word family 
Related topics: Citizenship, Government
pub·lic1 /ˈpʌblɪk/ ●●● S1 W1 adjectiveadj  
1  ordinary people 普通人 [only before noun]PGCSOCIETY relating to all the ordinary people in a country, who are not members of the government or do not have important jobs 公众的，大众的
 We have to show that publishing this story is in the public interest (=helpful or useful to ordinary people).
我们必须证明刊登这篇报道有利于公众。
 full public access to information
公众对信息的充分知情权
 Public opinion is gradually shifting in favor of the imprisoned men.
舆论渐渐倾向于同情入狱的男子。
 There was a public outcry (=expression of anger by a lot of people) about the shooting.
公众就枪击事件发出了强烈抗议。
 Their activities have been hidden from the public gaze (=people's eyes or attention).
他们的活动一直在避开公众的视线。
2  for anyone 为任何人 [only before noun]PUBLIC/NOT PRIVATE available for anyone to use 公共的，公用的 OPP private
 a public telephone
公用电话
 a public footpath
公共人行小径
 proposals to ban smoking in public places
在公共场所禁止吸烟的提议
 a public library
公共图书馆
public transport British EnglishBrE, public transportation American EnglishAmE (=buses, trains etc) 公共交通
3  government 政府 [only before noun]PGPUBLIC/GOVERNMENT relating to the government and the services it provides for people 公务的，公众事务的 OPP private
 the Government’s public spending plans
政府的公共开支计划
 We do not believe he is fit for public office (=a job in the government).
我们认为他不适合担任公职。
 efforts to control public expenditure
控制公共开支的努力
 public funding for the arts
公共艺术资金
→ public service
4  known about 为人所知的PUBLIC/NOT PRIVATE known about by most people 公开的
 Details of the highly sensitive information have not been made public.
高度敏感的详细资料还未公开。
 Although not a public figure (=famous person), he was a man of great influence.
他虽然不是公众人物，但拥有巨大的影响力。
5  not hidden 非隐秘的PUBLIC/NOT PRIVATE intended for anyone to know, see, or hear 公开的 OPP private
 Today the school finds itself in the midst of a very public debate.
现在这所学校发现自己正处于舆论的风口浪尖。
public display of grief/affection etc (=showing your emotions so that everyone can see) 公开表示悲伤/喜爱等
 She was acutely embarrassed by his public display of temper.
他当众发火让她觉得十分尴尬。
 There will be a public inquiry into the sinking of the oil tanker.
将对油船的沉没进行公开调查。
 a fear of public speaking
对当众演讲的恐惧
6  place with a lot of people 有很多人的地方PLACE a public place usually has a lot of people in it 〔地方〕公开的，公共的 OPP private
 Let’s go somewhere less public where we can talk.
我们到安静点的地方去吧，可以说说话。
7  public life FAMOUSwork that you do, especially for the government, that makes you well known to many people 公共事务
 Howard seems to have retired from public life.
霍华德似乎已经退出公共事务了。
Examples from the Corpus
public life• The erosion of consensus politics overtook local government as it did many other areas of public life.• The government is not allowed to aid religion in U.S. public life.• In his later years Howard seems increasingly to have retired from public life.• In the dark hours after breakfast it was some way of controlling the monstrous disjuncture between his private and his public life.• Politics no longer served as the centerpiece of citizens' public lives.• Monnerville retired from public life in 1983.• Perfect honesty in public life is as rare as anti-matter.• Dali's public life was an eccentric extension of his surrealist vision.• It was during this period that her taste for politics and public life were first awakened, her son says.• After all, both men came into public life with private histories.
8  public image CHARACTER OF somethingthe public image of a famous person or organization is the character or attitudes that most people think they have 公众形象
Examples from the Corpus
public of• It was widely agreed that the episode had damaged the public image of Congress and had discredited the confirmation process.• During the 1950s the public image of science was altogether more positive; science was providing solutions to society's greatest needs.• The public image of telecommuting has been dominated by cottage cuteness.• Telephonists, receptionists, porters as well as professional staff are the people who create the public image of the local service.• Attempts were made to improve the public image of the police.• CiB Marriott studentship Concerns over the public image of the profession and science of chemistry are growing.
9  go public 
Examples from the Corpus
public on/with• Eight days ago, he went public with his demand to be traded.• He had gone public with his ideas.• Dexter King chose to go public with his.• Now, to support that argument, we were going public with some very private stories.• Indeed the team announcing the evidence spent two years carefully checking their results before daring to go public with the information.• My phone call was a perfect opportunity for you to go public with the information.• Small companies strike it rich by going public on the stock exchange.
10  public appearance VISITa visit by a famous person in order to make a speech, advertise something etc 〔某名人为演说、作宣传等〕公开露面
Examples from the Corpus
public appearance• Among those attending the cremation ceremony in Vientiane on Jan. 28 were President Souphanouvong, making a rare public appearance.• Aside from meetings with Clinton and a senior State Department official, Fujimori spent most of his day here in public appearances.• It was the first public appearance for Caroline, who has been learning to belly dance for about eight months.• His visit to a literary dinner in Oxford was the only public appearance in this country.• Her most public appearance since the November elections came at a United Nations conference on social issues last month.• In recent public appearances, the speaker looks decidedly off his feed.• When they made public appearances together, they were singled out as the perfect couple.• Baldwin's next major public appearance was his Budget speech in April.
11  the public eye someone who is in the public eye is seen a lot on television, written about in newspapers etc 公众关注
12  public property 
Examples from the Corpus
public property• Against the odds, she succeeds in making an intimate personal statement out of tunes that are almost public property.• An attendant warned us not to deface public property.• City and county government have the option to ban weapons on public property.• None the less, all the sites from which the Falls were visible would eventually be on public property.• Supervisor Michael Yaki thinks it should be easier than that to obtain entry to public property.• We were still within the perimeter of Kenwood House and would need to walk much further to reach public property.• In some areas, developers who build on public property are assessed special fees to help pay for historic preservation.• But the argument is that the genome is public property -- it needs a different structure of ownership.
13  public enemy number one SCCthe criminal, problem etc that is considered the most serious threat to people’s safety 头号公敌〔指被认为是对民众安全构成最严重威胁的罪犯、问题等〕
Examples from the Corpus
public enemy number one• She had done nothing wrong, yet between them Rourke and Rebecca were making her feel like public enemy number one.• Taylor has turned into public enemy number one.
Examples from the Corpus
public• Thatcher privatized publicly owned industries like electricity and telecommunications.• Can we go somewhere quieter? This place is a bit public.• a public beach• Is this a public beach?• The markets have shrugged off other harsh public comments about Mr Rubin.• The upsurge in our activity and in our public demands in the mid-1980s represented a declaration that our tolerance was running out.• The plan is due to go before a public enquiry next summer.• It is one of the few countries where they still hold public executions.• On July 1,1849, President Herrera called a special session of Congress to consider the questions of public finance.• We need to raise taxes to pay for better public healthcare.• You can get the information from your local public library• Soon to be added are some recent initial public offerings, among them Yahoo! and VocalTec.• We have also seen that there is no mechanical way of deciding whether a function is a public one or not.• Jeff was obviously calling from a public place.• proposals to ban smoking in public places• Smoking is no longer allowed in indoor public places.• Reiner insisted that public pressure did not influence his decision.• a public restroom• I've worked in the public sector all my life, mainly in local government.• public sector employees• garbage collection and other public services• There's been a big increase in public spending over the past three years.• In a public statement, Jackson and his wife announced their intention to get divorced.• Could you tell me where the public telephones are?• You now have to pay to use the public toilets at the station.• They're always telling people to use public transport because there are too many cars on the roads.
public access• Of course, first it has to be put online, and granted public access.• That would not bode well for public access.• In this developing environment, can we maintain public access and secure the privacy of the individual?• They suggested that a public access catalogue would be a suitably demanding trial application.• His 10-point information policy stresses free access, establishment of information resource centres and public access to data banks.• The draft emphasises the use of best available technology and maximising transparency and public access to information on pollution control.• The aim is to allow full public access to the site.• He also called for existing club members to provide greater public access to their clubs.
public transport• How many other gold medallists in the world travel by public transport?• Most transport investment has gone on road construction and not on public transport.• This had some value, leading old ladies to get up and give me their seat on public transport.• Timings are arranged to allow most people to reach the assembly point from home that day by car or public transport.• Nor does cheaper public transport help much.• Traffic lights can be reprogrammed to give public transport instant priority over other road users.• A report by development services director Stephen Tapper says bus lanes produce considerable time savings by allowing public transport unrestricted access.
public office• Eventually she would like to run for public office.• I began considering a run for public office.• It's doubtful she ever has taken a single day of unpaid leave during any of her innumerable campaigns for public office.• Jones had never run for public office before being elected Senator.• He sold castles, manors, privileges, public offices, even towns.• If found guilty, Mr Walesa faced being banned from holding public office for 10 years.• The tribunal concluded that he should be dismissed and banned for three years from public office, forfeiting his seat in parliament.• Throughout the country the progressive spirit had elected more than five hundred socialists to various public offices in 1910 and 1911.• The early introduction of merit systems deprived them of patronage, and nominations for public office were outside their control.
public figure• Annan was also a public figure.• Mr Carney was a public figure.• We're public figures and so therefore we know we're in the firing line.• The monarchists and conservatives claimed that all national and public figures and their acts should always be subject to scrutiny and criticism.• How can public figures be shy?• Teachers and administrators found to be either public officials or public figures have a higher burden of proof in defamation suits.• Peter Allis has turned golf into a kind of harmless interview where public figures hit a few shots and chat about themselves.• The newsletter says institutions should satisfy themselves that funds held on behalf of public figures stem from legitimate business.
public speaking• At sixteen he joined the Gaelic League and took every opportunity to improve his writing and public speaking.• He is even being tutored on public speaking.• There are innumerable books on public speaking, dealing with everything from how to project your voice to what to wear.• This is Mr Reagan's only public speaking engagement on his tour to Britain.• If you still feel nervous about public speaking, give yourself permission to be less than perfect and do it anyway!• The course I took in public speaking has really improved my self-confidence.• Direct, trenchant writing came naturally, effective public speaking later.• Alternatively, you may decide to enroll in public speaking or other courses to improve yourself.• You want the job very much, but your fear of public speaking prevents you from accepting it immediately.• Executives in big companies need to have excellent public speaking skills.
Related topics: Performing
public2 ●●● S2 W2 noun  
1  the public SOCIETYordinary people who do not work for the government or have any special position in society 公众，民众，大众
Examples from the Corpus
members of the public• I feel it is important there should be more contact between police and members of the public.• Its contract is to guarantee that the doctors consulted by members of the public are properly qualified and will give competent treatment.• Shares in the company can be bought on the stock market by members of the public.• Just half a mile from where the plane crashed, members of the public were attending a lambing opening day.• There is considerable sympathy for members of the public who commit some minor infringement under circumstances which are considered justifiable and understandable.• Local commissioners can now accept any complaint from members of the public about maladministration in local government.• They are not bodies against which, through the regulator, members of the public feel that they can secure redress.• A further reminder is the complaints procedure which members of the public can initiate against police officers.
2  in public PUBLIC/NOT PRIVATEif you do something in public, you do it where anyone can see 公开地，当众 OPP in private
Examples from the Corpus
in public• The Prince has not appeared in public since the announcement of his divorce.• Her husband was always nice to her in public, but treated her badly at home.• Most people feel nervous about speaking in public.• You're not going to wear that in public, are you?
3  [singular, uncountableU]APLISTEN the people who like a particular singer, writer etc 〔喜欢某歌手、某作家等的〕大众
n GRAMMAR: Singular or plural verb?
Public is usually followed by a singular verb:
The public needs to be better informed.
In British English, you can also use a plural verb:
The public need to be better informed.
Examples from the Corpus
public• No Press appeals were made for assistance from the general public.• This task it has admirably fulfilled, becoming very popular with the general public.• The general public are, on the whole, pretty conservative about education.• He goes out of his way to make sure his public is satisfied.• It recognised the power and the autonomy of the public as a force to be reckoned with; predicted but never ignored.• But he says just as worrying, is the string of unjustified complaints made against him by members of the public.• As for why the public embraced it?
From Longman Business Dictionary
publicpub·lic1 /ˈpʌblɪk/ noun
the public ordinary people who do not belong to the government or have any special position in society
An offer for the sale of shares to the general public was planned for early next year.
The privatisation was carried out against the wishes of the public.
Companies that take significant sums of money from members of the public before providing goods are in a special position of trust.
publicpublic2 adjectiveadj
1connected with all the ordinary people in a country, who are not members of the government or do not have important jobs
The law was changed as the result of public pressure.
2available for anyone to use
a public telephone
3connected with the government and with the services it provides for people
55% of university funding in Britain comes from public money.
We do not believe he is fit for public office (=the job of being part of a government).
4known about by most people
The report will be made public (=told to everyone) in mid-January.
The membership of the Board was public knowledge.
5intended for anyone to know, see, or hear
Demands for a public investigation have been ignored.
—publicly adverbadv
It is time for multinational companies publicly to acknowledge that they have not always acted properly.
6go publicFINANCE to become a PUBLIC COMPANY (=a company that has shares owned by the public)
Investors expected the share price to rise steeply after the company went public.
Origin public1
(1400-1500) French publique, from Latin publicus, probably from poplicus, from populus “people”; influenced by pubes “adult” ( → PUBES)
pub·lic1 adjectiveadjpublic2 noun →n GRAMMAR1
LDOCE Online
Chinese
Syllable
Corpus
IELTS BNC: 319 COCA: 333
public

noun¹

 1the public people in general大眾ADJECTIVE | VERB + THE PUBLIC | PREPOSITION | PHRASES ADJECTIVE➤general公眾VERB + THE PUBLIC➤educate, inform教育／告知公眾◇The government was slow to inform the public about the health hazards of asbestos.政府遲遲沒有告知公眾石棉對健康的危害。➤protect保護民眾▸➤serve為民眾服務▸➤mislead誤導公眾◇He accused the administration of deliberately misleading the public on this issue.他指責政府在這個問題上故意誤導公眾。➤be open to對公眾開放◇The house is open to the public.這所房子對公眾開放。PREPOSITION➤in public公開地◇He rarely appears in public these days.這些日子他很少公開露面。PHRASES➤a member of the public公眾的一員
public

noun²

 2group of people with sth in common有共同點的一群人ADJECTIVE➤book-buying, movie-going, paying, reading, sporting, theatre-going/theater-going, travelling/traveling, viewing, voting, etc.購書群體、電影觀眾、消費群體、讀者群、愛好體育運動的大眾、戲劇觀眾、旅行大眾、電視觀眾、投票群體等◇Satellite television has provided the viewing public with a wide choice.衞星電視為觀眾提供了許多可供選擇的節目。➤broader, larger, wider更大的一群人；更廣泛的群體◇Her work is now available to a wider public.如今有更多人可以接觸到她的作品了。
IELTS BNC: 319 COCA: 333
public adj.
⇨ public (the public sector) ⇨ common (public transport) ⇨ famous (a public figure) ⇨ social (public opinion)public noun
⇨ community (the general public) ⇨ market 1 (the viewing public) public

adjective

public ♦︎ state ♦︎ national ♦︎ federalThese words all describe things connected with the government of a country, especially government spending and services. 这些词均表示政府出资或提供服务的。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆public / state / national / federal authorities / funding / expenditure / investment◆public / state / federal power / control / regulation / institutions / officials / employees / funds / money / finance / spending◆public / state education / hospitals / enterprise / ownership◆the public / state sector◆the national / federal government■ public [only before noun] connected with the government and the services it provides 政府的；政府提供服务的◆Their tax plans would hit public services.他们的税收计划将对公共服务造成影响。◆There has been massive investment in public housing.已经在公屋项目上投入巨资。◆He spent much of his career in public office (= working for the government).他职业生涯的大部分时间在政府部门工作。ⓘ In the US, Australia, Scotland and some other countries a public school is a free local school paid for by the government; in England this is called a state school. In Britain, especially England, a public school is a private school for young people between the ages of 13 and 18, who often live at the school while they are studying, and whose parents pay for their education. A public company or public limited company (in British English) or public corporation (in American English) is also not owned by the government, but a company that sells shares in itself to the public. However, in British English a public corporation is an organization that is owned by the government and that provides a national service. 在美国、澳大利亚、苏格兰和其他一些国家，public school是由政府拨款的地方免费学校，这类学校在英格兰称为state school。在英国，尤其是英格兰，public school是招收13至18岁学生的私立学校，常为寄宿学校，学费由父母承担。英式英语中的public company或public limited company，和美式英语中的public corporation都不是国有企业，而是向公众出售公司股份的上市公司。但是在英式英语中，public corporation是国有企业，提供公共服务。 OPP private ⓘ A private service or institution is owned or managed by an individual person or an independent company rather than by the government. * private指服务或机构是私有或私营的◆private companies / schools私营公司；私立学校◆a programme to return many of the state companies to private ownership国有企业私有化的计划 ▸ publicly

adverb

◆a publicly owned company上市公司■ state [only before noun] provided or controlled by the government 国家提供（或控制）的◆The law applies only to schools within the state system.这条法规只适用于公办学校。◆There needs to be an increase in the basic state pension.由政府拨款的基本养老金需要增加。◆Many local families are dependent on state benefits (= in Britain, government money given to people who are poor).当地许多家庭靠政府的救济金生活。OPP private   see also state ⇨ country 1 ■ national [usually before noun] owned, controlled or financially supported by the government 国有的；国立的；国营的◆The collection is housed at the national museum.这批收藏品保存在国家博物馆里。◆The Romanian national airline has ordered seven of the new aircraft.罗马尼亚国家航空公司已经订购了七架这种新飞机。■ federal ˈfedərəl connected with national government rather than the local government of an individual state 联邦政府的◆On 15th February a federal judge ruled in their favour.2月15日联邦法官判他们胜诉。◆We will continue federal funding for the arts.我们将继续对艺术给予联邦政府拨款。ⓘ Federal is used about countries, especially the US, which have a system of government in which the individual states of a country have control over their own affairs, but are controlled by a central government for national decisions. * federal表示“联邦制的”，指某些国家，尤其是美国采用的国家结构形式。在这些国家，各州掌管自己的事务，但全国性的决议则由中央政府即联邦政府掌控。▸ federally

adverb

◆federally funded health care由联邦政府拨款的医疗保健服务
IELTS BNC: 319 COCA: 333
public
Available and to be, or to become available: available, public, spare...
Describing or involving groups of people: public, collective, tribal...
Relating to or describing government policies: bureaucratic, Congressional, constitutional...
Known and not secret: known, overt, transparent...
General words for person or people: person, people, human...

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