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TOEFL IELTS BNC: 3226 COCA: 3222

grain

Word family 
Related topics: Crops, Food, Measurement
grain /ɡreɪn/ ●●○ noun  
1  food 食物
a) [uncountableU]TACDF the seeds of crops such as corn, wheat, or rice that are gathered for use as food, or these crops themselves 谷物，粮食
 big sacks of grain
大袋大袋的粮食
 Last year’s grain harvest was the biggest ever.
去年粮食收成最好。
b) [countableC]TACDF a single seed of corn, wheat etc 谷粒
 grains of rice
谷粒
2  lines in wood etc 木头等的纹理CS [singular] the natural lines you can see in a substance such as wood, which are the result of its structure 〔木头等的〕纹理，纹路
along the grain (=in the same direction as the grain) 顺着纹路
 Cut along the grain of the wood.
顺着木头的纹路劈下去。
across the grain (=at 90 degrees to the grain) 横对着纹路
3  small piece 小块 [countableC]PIECE a single very small piece of a substance such as sand or salt 〔沙或盐等的〕颗粒
grain of
 a grain of sand
一颗沙子
 There were crumbs and grains of sugar on the table.
桌子上有面包屑和糖粒。
→5 see picture at 见图 piece1
4  a grain of something LITTLE/NOT MUCHa very small amount of something 一点点
 The story wouldn’t have fooled anyone with a grain of sense.
稍有一点头脑的人都不会被这个故事骗到。
 There is a grain of truth in all folklore and legend.
所有的民间故事和传说中都带有一点真实的成分。
Examples from the Corpus
grain of truth• Although it contains a grain of truth, this theory rather radically misses the mark.• It was a gross exaggeration, but there was a grain of truth in it.• But there was a grain of truth in there.• True, most of these beliefs contain grains of truth, but their omnipotent power does not survive close scrutiny.• So Mr Murray's criticism does have an important grain of truth in it.• The Oracle's answers should have some grain of truth.• These two true incidents have in their implications a strange grain of truth.
5  against the grain DON'T LIKEif something goes against the grain, it is not what you would naturally or normally do 违反本性
 Mary is always honest and it went against the grain to tell lies.
玛丽一向诚实，说谎不合她的本性。
Examples from the Corpus
against the grain• The Smiths run directly against the grain.• However it goes against the grain to tell them anything.• However, it goes against the grain to have to say this, as it is our land after all.• Greg Dively is one woodworker who really goes against the grain.• Once again, Silverton goes against the grain by making her meringue smooth and flat instead of fluffy and high.• Granted, that goes against the grain.• For those raised in the prudery of puritanism or the celibacy-conscious preoccupations of Catholicism this ran against the grain.• It went against the grain to have to tell others how to behave.
6. measure 计量单位 [countableC]TM the smallest unit for measuring weight, equal to about 0.06 grams. It is used for weighing medicines. 格令〔最小的重量单位，约合0.06克，用于称量药品〕
→ take something with a pinch/grain of salt at salt1(3)
Examples from the Corpus
grain• five-grain cereal• A few grains of the tablet are left at the bottom of the glass.• fields of grain• Thus it may be seen that the only grains actually suspended in the air are the very fine ones.• Sand that's measured to ensure the right grain size for maximum strength and exceptional beauty.• This can be extremely useful for overviews of a thin section, grain shape and size determinations and for fabric analysis.• If you drop any rice you'll have to pick up every single grain.• These two true incidents have in their implications a strange grain of truth.• It went against the grain to have to tell others how to behave.• What color are the grains of sand?• The strip of mahogany has the grain running lengthwise.• Figure 3-17 shows graphically the division of igneous rocks according to their mineral content and their grain size.• You always end up with grains of sand in your food when you eat at the beach.
across the grain• The rasps are useful for preliminary shaping prior to fine-finishing, and will cut across the grain of timber without tearing it.• More teeth give a cleaner cut, and are better for cutting across the grain if a really smooth finish is required.• Puffed wood should be mainly expanded across the grain.
From Longman Business Dictionary
graingrain /greɪn/ noun [uncountableU]
FARMINGcrops such as corn, wheat, and rice
Much of this grain is used to feed beef cattle
Origin grain
(1200-1300) Old French Latin granum “seed”
grain noun
Chinese
Corpus
TOEFL IELTS BNC: 3226 COCA: 3222
grain

noun¹

 1seeds of wheat, etc.穀粒ADJECTIVE | VERB + GRAIN | GRAIN + NOUN ADJECTIVE➤large, small大粒／小粒穀物▸➤whole全麥◇The journal reports that eating whole grains protects against diabetes.這家期刊報道說吃全麥食品可預防糖尿病。➤cereal, rice, wheat, etc.穀粒、米粒、麥粒等▸➤pollen花粉粒VERB + GRAIN➤grow, produce種植／生產穀物➤store貯藏穀物GRAIN + NOUN➤harvest, production, yield糧食收成／生產／產量▸➤crop糧食作物▸➤exports, imports穀物出口／進口▸➤elevator (= a building used for storing grain) (NAmE) 穀倉
grain

noun²

 2natural pattern of lines in wood天然木紋ADJECTIVE | PREPOSITION ADJECTIVE➤fine, smooth細緻的／流暢的紋理▸➤coarse粗糙的紋理➤natural天然紋理◇This wood has a beautiful natural grain.這種木材有着漂亮的天然紋理。➤wood木紋PREPOSITION➤across the grain, against the grain橫跨紋理▸➤along the grain, with the grain順着紋理◇Cut the wood along the grain.順着紋理劈開木頭。
TOEFL IELTS BNC: 3226 COCA: 3222
grain noun
⇨ grain (grains of wheat/rice) ⇨ bit (a grain of sand) grain

noun

grain ♦︎ seed ♦︎ nut ♦︎ pip ♦︎ stone ♦︎ pit ♦︎ kernelThese are all words for the part of a food plant from which a new plant can grow. 这些词均表示可食用植物的种子。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆to produce / grow / sow grain / seeds◆to remove seeds / pips / stones / pits■ grain [uncountable, countable] the small hard parts produced by food plants such as wheat or rice from which a new plant can grow, and which may be used to make flour or bread; one of these parts 谷物；谷粒◆The government intends to import only five per cent of the country's grain.政府打算只进口全国粮食总量的5%。◆There were just a few grains of corn left.只剩下一些玉米粒了。ⓘ You can talk about grains of wheat, rice or corn. 可以说grains of wheat/rice/corn。■ seed [countable, uncountable] the small hard part produced by a plant, from which a new plant can grow 种子；籽◆I bought some seeds to plant in the garden.我买了一些种子种在花园里。◆Those vegetables can be grown from seed.那些蔬菜可以撒籽栽种。ⓘ You can talk about flower, grass, herb or wildflower seeds. The seeds of some spice plants, vegetables or flowers are used in cooking to give flavour or texture to food. 可以说flower/grass/herb/wildflower seed。一些香料植物、蔬菜或花的种子用于烹调，可令食物的味道和质感更丰富◆coriander / cumin / mustard / poppy / pumpkin / sesame / sunflower seeds香菜／土茴香／芥菜／罂粟／南瓜／芝麻／向日葵种子In American English seed is also the usual word for pip. 在美式英语中，seed也常用来代替pip，指某些水果的籽◆ (NAmE) apple / orange seeds苹果籽；橙子籽 ■ nut [countable] a small hard fruit with a very hard shell that grows on some trees 坚果◆I cracked a nut (= opened it) and ate it.我破开一个坚果吃了。◆She is allergic to nuts.她对坚果过敏。ⓘ Nut is often used in compounds, such as walnut, hazelnut, chestnut, peanut and Brazil nut. * nut常用于复合词，如walnut、hazelnut、chestnut、peanut和Brazil nut。■ pip [countable] (especially BrE) one of the small hard seeds that are found in some types of fruit （某些水果的）种子，籽◆Cut the apples into quarters and remove the pips.把苹果切成四块，再把籽去掉。◆orange pips橙子籽ⓘ The usual American English word for this is seed. 在美式英语中，该词一般用seed代替。■ stone [countable] (especially BrE) a hard shell in the middle of some types of fruit which contains the nut or seed 果核（内含坚果或籽）◆cherry / peach stones樱桃核；桃核■ pit [countable] (especially NAmE) a fruit stone 果核◆cherry / peach pits樱桃核；桃核■ kernel ˈkɜːnl; NAmE ˈkɜːrnl [countable] the inner part of a nut, which you can eat; the part inside the stone/pit of a fruit （坚果或果核的）仁，核◆pine / apricot kernels松仁；杏仁
TOEFL IELTS BNC: 3226 COCA: 3222
grain
Rice, wheat and grain products: all-purpose flour, arrowroot, basmati...
Crop farming: arable, broadacre, cash crop...
Small amounts or pieces of something: bit, piece, fragment...
Small amounts of a feeling or quality: measure, dash, tinge...
Patterns and arrangements: arabesque, argyle, arrangement...
Units for measuring weight, area or volume: acre, are, area...

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