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TOEFL IELTS BNC: 1503 COCA: 901

spring

Word family 
Related topics: Chronology, Technology, Daily life, Nature
spring1 /sprɪŋ/ ●●● S2 W2 noun  
1  season 季节 [countableC, uncountableU]TMC the season between winter and summer when leaves and flowers appear 春天，春季
spring of
 the spring of 1933
1933 年春季
in/during the spring
 It’s due to open in the spring.
预定在春天开放。
late/early spring
 It was a cold, sunny day in early spring.
那是早春的一个晴朗的寒天。
 spring flowers
春花
2  spring.jpg curved metal 弯曲的金属
a) [countableC usually plural]TD something, usually a twisted piece of metal, that will return to its previous shape after it has been pressed down 弹簧；发条
 an old armchair with broken springs
一把弹簧已坏的旧扶手椅
b) [uncountableU]SOFT the ability of a chair, bed etc to return to its normal shape after being pressed down 〔椅子、床等的〕弹性，弹力
3  water 水 [countableC]DN a place where water comes up naturally from the ground 泉，泉源
 spring water
泉水
 There are several hot springs in the area.
这地区有几处温泉。
→4  See picture of 见图 RIVER
4  spring in your step ENERGETICif you walk with a spring in your step, you move quickly and happily 步伐轻快
 As he walked into the office that morning, there was a spring in his step.
那天早上他迈着轻快的脚步走进办公室。
Examples from the Corpus
spring in your step• The candidates, their staffs and the press have a spring in their steps.• But suddenly the sight of Giuseppe Signori's invitingly lofted ball into the penalty area put a spring in his step.• There was a spring in his step, and ineffable calmness dressing his sun-brown face.• He walks away with a high spring in his step.• Kangaroo has not changed our lives, just given us deeper pockets and put a little more spring in our steps.• There was a new spring in his step, a feeling of youthful zest stirring his muscles.• Preston emerged after the interval with a new spring in their step, and the game took on a different complexion.• It read: Bedford, keep the spring in your step.
5. full of the joys of spring happy and full of energy – used humorously 快乐活跃的〔幽默用法〕
Examples from the Corpus
full of the joys of spring• She's still full of the joys of spring.
6. sudden jump 突然一跳 [singular]JUMP a sudden quick movement or jump in a particular direction 跳，跳跃 SYN leap
n GRAMMAR: Patterns with spring
in spring/in the spring
You use in spring or in the spring when saying that something happens at this time:
In spring the days get longer.
She’s coming to visit us in the spring.
last spring/this spring etc
Don’t use in with these words:
You say last spring:
They moved here last spring.
✗Don’t say: They moved here in last spring.
You say this spring:
The flowers are beautiful this spring.
✗Don’t say: The flowers are beautiful in this spring.
You say next spring:
They’re getting married next spring.
✗Don’t say: They’re getting married in next spring.
You say that spring:
It rained a lot that spring.
✗Don’t say: It rained a lot in that spring.
Examples from the Corpus
spring• spring flowers• A ruling is expected by spring.• The majority of these become arrested in the abomasum as EL4 and do not complete development until the following spring.• The hot springs in the mountain smell of sulfur.• Last spring, he counted 26 of them at the mouth of the Charles River.• The day the peony falls I will be sunk already in the sorrow of a lost spring.• There's not much spring left in this mattress.• Yet the caress of his meaning was delicate as the first green fronds of spring.• The company also plans a new sub-compact in the spring.• The Board of Education was far from happy with the rules and throughout the spring and summer the dispute rumbled on.• Nothing except the altar built in the heart of the wood, next to the spring.
in/during the spring• But in addition there remained the puzzle of how the helium came to be in the springs.• January sees the start of a fourth series, and a fifth will be filmed in the spring.• Next come public meetings in the spring.• Of course you got mists in the spring, when the weather was changing, but this mist was coming from Uberwald.• Such was the situation at Hanes's Sparta, North Carolina, plant in the spring of 1985.• Clearing two acres of tree stumps so a garden could be planted in the spring.• Hector said they both knew you were going to break the truce yourself in the spring anyway.
hot springs• Hot, hydrothermally altered ground and relatively weak fumaroles, but no active hot springs, are found on these volcanoes.• Scientists hope the coming generation of Mars probes will detect former hot springs.• The lake is noted for its hot springs, steam jets and geysers.• Hippie dips, or hot pots, are circles of rocks built around natural hot springs.• The helium would seep up through fissures, and hence its natural occurrence near the hot springs.• The hot springs in the Jemez above us smelling of sulfur.• And though the researchers had suspected all along that these hot springs existed, the real thing had far surpassed their imaginings.• Close by are the famous Dimmuborgir, Grjótagjá and Stóragjá underground hot springs.
spring2 ●●○ verb (past tensepst sprang /spræŋ/ or sprung /sprʌŋ/ American EnglishAmE, past participlepp sprung)  
1  move suddenly 突然移动JUMP [intransitiveI always + adverbadv/prepositionprep] to move suddenly and quickly in a particular direction, especially by jumping 跳，跳跃，跳起 SYN leap
spring out of/from
 Tom sprung out of bed and ran downstairs.
汤姆跳下床，冲到楼下。
spring out at somebody
 Two men sprang out at me as I was walking through the park.
我正在公园里走着，两名男子突然朝我冲来。
 He sprang to his feet (=stood up suddenly) and rushed after her.
他腾地站起身，冲过去追她。
spring to somebody’s aid/assistance (=move quickly to help someone) 赶快去帮助某人
 One of the young policemen sprang to her assistance.
有个年轻的警察赶紧过去帮她。
 Register
Spring is used mostly in literature. In everyday English, people usually say jump: spring 主要用于文学作品。在日常英语中,人们通常说 jump
He jumped out of bed.
他跳下床。
2  move back 复原 [intransitiveI always + adverbadv/prepositionprep]BACK/BACKWARDS if something springs back, open etc, it moves quickly, suddenly, and with force, especially after being pushed down or sideways 弹回原处，反弹
spring back/up
 The branch sprang back and hit him in the face.
树枝弹回来，打在他的脸上。
spring open/shut
 The gate sprang shut behind them.
大门在他们身后弹回关上了。
3  spring to (somebody’s) mind THINK something/HAVE A THOUGHTif someone or something springs to mind, you immediately think of them （某人）马上想到
Examples from the Corpus
spring to (somebody’s) mind• Dell and Elonex immediately spring to mind.• If we think of the ways in which the term research is used, a variety of activities spring to mind.• Impressive was the first word that sprang to mind.• Noble was the word which sprang to Amabel's mind.• Some comic examples spring to mind.• That written, qualifications immediately spring to mind.• Faded was the word that sprang to mind - everything had a rather tired quality about it.
4  spring into action  (also spring to/into life)DO something/TAKE ACTION to suddenly become active, start moving, or start working 突然活跃[行动，工作]起来
Examples from the Corpus
spring into action• Bellas and her crew sprang into action.• Faced with such an unprecedented threat, Church leaders sprang into action.• The six kids who have organized this trip spring into action.• When a black freshman is threatened with racist graffiti, she is the first to spring into action.• You know, lulling you to sleep before springing into action.• Ten-mile tailbacks blocked roads as bargain hunters sprang into action after three days at home.• The brave granny sprang into action when she heard Kathleen Wallace scream.• He sprang into action when wife Ann, 26, suddenly went into labour in the middle of the night.
5  spring a surprise SURPRISEDto do something surprising 做令人吃惊的事
Examples from the Corpus
spring a surprise• And even when you think you know the island intimately, it will keep on springing surprises.• And she can spring a surprise.• Calvin Smith, the world-record holder, could always spring a surprise.• Glasser orders his events thematically, while also wanting to tell a story and to spring surprises.• Theo distracted him from this gloomy conclusion by springing a surprise on him.• Perhaps they will spring a surprise player or two in Atlanta.
6. tears spring to/into somebody’s eyes written used to say that someone starts to cry 泪水涌上某人的双眼
Examples from the Corpus
tears spring to/into somebody’s eyes• Joy went crimson and tears sprang into her eyes.• With that avowal, tears sprang to her eyes, leaving Farini nonplussed.
7  spring into existence/being START TO HAPPEN, EXIST ETCto suddenly begin to exist 突然出现，冒出来
Examples from the Corpus
spring into existence/being• Louis, have sprung into being.• Here, a fast, sparkling fresh stream springs into existence, fords a lane and runs parallel to a wooden pathway.• The nurse's soft, slightly damp touch faded and darkness sprang into being inside Chesarynth's head.• It may be possible to think of a universe springing into existence out of nothing at all.• Finally new businesses do not spring into existence simply because taxes are reduced in a given area.
8  spring a trap 
Examples from the Corpus
spring a trap• On the one hand, Jaq must seem capable of irony and flexible tolerance - perhaps only soas to spring a trap.• He sprang traps and ambushes on the Witch King's forces.
9. spring a leak POURif a boat or a container springs a leak, it begins to let liquid in or out through a crack or hole 〔船或容器〕出现裂缝〔开始漏水〕
Examples from the Corpus
spring a leak• If it is partly submerged, it has sprung a leak and filled with water.• Water supplies to Bristol were threatened in 1990 when the Gloucester Sharpness canal sprang a leak and temporary pipelines had to installed.• An old galvanised iron cistern is liable to spring a leak eventually.• If the cooling system sprang a leak pilots had to land and mend the pipe with chewing gum and insulation tape.
10  spring to somebody’s defence DEFENDto quickly defend someone who is being criticized 马上为某人辩护
Examples from the Corpus
spring to somebody’s defence• Equally notable figures will spring to the defence of the secret deal, however.
11. spring to attention PMAif soldiers spring to attention, they stand suddenly upright 〔士兵〕霍然立正
Examples from the Corpus
spring to attention• Groups of men in bare feet and tattered clothes spring to attention as strangers approach.
12. help SB escape 帮助某人逃脱 [transitiveT + from] informalESCAPE to help someone escape from prison 帮助…越狱
 PHRASAL VERBS
Examples from the Corpus
spring• By the time we had learned to sail, poor Elizabeth had sprung a rather serious leak.• He raked his fingers through his hair and watched it spring back around his face in untidy tufts.• A wind sprang from the east, an idea of rain, sudden, pervading the air.• It is frighteningly easy to picture our children bald-gummed, big-headed as the babies they sprang out of.• Equally notable figures will spring to the defence of the secret deal, however.• In some spots, towns of 10,000 residents sprang up literally overnight.• And a new kind of restaurant had sprung up with expensive menus and a young, confident clientele.
spring out of/from• So I got me some steak, and I got me the spring out of a clock.• A tiger's head sprang out from it snorting and snarling.• As she cried, the garden roses sprang out of the ground from beneath her tears.• The name Parastaev sprang out of the page, billed as speaking at that very moment.• As they stood off guard, two young men both carrying suitcases sprang out from the passageway behind the tomb.
spring back/up• As the rifts widen, their side effects spring up across the countryside.• Millions of old people joined the Townsend Clubs that sprang up across the nation.• When it is cold, the rubber doesn't spring back after you press it.• Then she sprang up and raced along the path.• Coffeehouses at that time were springing up by the thousands, and they were usually men-only establishments.• But nevertheless, when we moved out, we moved out expecting trouble to spring up in front of us any moment.• His thick hair, still damp and scored with comb marks, was springing back into its usual lustrous waves.• It is just one, however, of several that have sprung up to assist car buyers.
Origin spring2
Old English springan
spring1 noun →n GRAMMAR1spring2 verb →REGISTER1 →PHRASAL VERBS1
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