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BNC: 3638 COCA: 3034
painful adj.
⇨ painful 1 (a painful knee) ⇨ painful 2 (painful memories)painful1

adjective

 a painful knee/injection/death 膝盖疼；令人痛苦的注射；痛苦的死亡painful memories 痛苦的回忆painful ♦︎ sore ♦︎ raw ♦︎ inflamed ♦︎ excruciating ♦︎ burning ♦︎ itchyThese words all describe sth that causes you physical pain. 这些词均表示使人肉体上疼痛的。SYNONYM SCALE 词义标尺 下图显示这些词所表达令人疼痛的程度
itchy➔painful➔excruciating
soreburning
raw
inflamed
PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆sore / inflamed / itchy eyes◆raw / inflamed / itchy skin◆a painful / an excruciating death◆a painful / a burning sensation◆excruciating / burning pain■ painful causing you physical pain 令人疼痛的◆Is your knee still painful?你的膝盖还疼吗？◆Ulcers can be unbearably painful.溃疡能让人疼得受不了。◆I had to undergo a series of painful injections.我不得不经历一次又一次痛苦的注射。◆It was a slow and painful death.死亡来得缓慢而又痛苦。ⓘ Painful can describe a part of the body, illness, injury, treatment or death. * painful可用于描述身体部位、疾病、受伤、治疗或死亡。 OPP painless ⓘ Something that is painless causes no pain. * painless指没有痛苦的◆a painless death没有痛苦的死亡◆The treatment is painless.这种治疗是无痛的。 ▸ painfully

adverb

◆He limped painfully to the door.他一瘸一拐艰难地走向门口。■ sore (of a part of the body) painful and often red, especially because of infection or because a muscle has been used too much （身体部位）疼痛红肿的（尤指因感染或肌肉劳损）◆He had a high temperature and a sore throat.他发烧，嗓子疼。◆Their feet were sore after hours of walking.他们走了几个小时的路，脚都走疼了。  see also sore ⇨ tumour noun ▸ soreness

noun

 [uncountable] ◆an ointment to reduce soreness and swelling止痛消肿的软膏■ raw (of a part of the body) red and painful, for example because of an infection or because the skin has been damaged （身体部位）红肿疼痛的（如因感染或皮肤破损）◆His throat was raw and painful.他的喉咙红肿疼痛。◆The skin on her feet had been rubbed raw.她双脚磨破了皮。■ inflamed ɪŋˈfleɪmd (of a part of the body) painful, red and hot because of an infection or injury （身体部位因感染或受伤）发炎的，红肿的◆Her finger was swollen and inflamed.她的手指发炎肿起来了。◆The wound had become inflamed.伤口发炎了。   see also inflammation ⇨ tumour noun ■ excruciating ɪkˈskruːʃieɪtɪŋ extremely painful 极痛苦的；疼痛不已的◆The pain in my back was excruciating.我的背疼痛难忍。◆The process is painful, but not excruciating.整个过程是痛苦的，但并非难以忍受。◆She groaned at the memory, suffering all over again the excruciating embarrassment of those moments.她回忆起那个时候叹了口气，又一次饱尝了所经历的极度困窘。ⓘ Excruciating can describe feelings, treatments or death but not parts of the body. * excruciating可以描述感觉、治疗或死亡，但不描述身体部位◆an excruciating throat/back/knee It can describe mental as well as physical pain. 本词既可描述肉体痛苦，亦可描述精神痛苦。 ▸ excruciatingly

adverb

◆an excruciatingly painful death极其痛苦的死亡■ burning painful and giving a feeling of being very hot; feeling very hot 火烧般疼痛的；火辣辣的◆She felt a burning sensation in her throat.她觉得嗓子火辣辣地疼。◆The boy's forehead was burning.那男孩的额头热得烫手。ⓘ Burning can describe a feeling or a part of the body. * burning可以描述感觉或身体部位。■ itchy giving an uncomfortable feeling on your skin that makes you want to scratch; having this feeling 发痒的◆The skin on my legs broke out in an itchy rash.我的腿上突然长满了皮疹，痒痒的。◆I feel itchy all over.我浑身发痒。painful2

adjective

 a painful knee/injection/death 膝盖疼；令人痛苦的注射；痛苦的死亡painful memories 痛苦的回忆  ➡ See also the entries for sad, stressful and worrying 另见sad条、stressful条和worrying条painful ♦︎ traumatic ♦︎ distressing ♦︎ upsetting ♦︎ harrowing ♦︎ agonizingThese words all describe sth that makes you feel upset or anxious. 这些词均表示令人精神上痛苦的。SYNONYM SCALE 词义标尺 下图显示这些词所表达令人痛苦的程度
painful➔traumatic➔harrowing
upsettingdistressingagonizing
PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆to be painful / traumatic / distressing / upsetting for sb◆to be painful / distressing / upsetting to do sth◆to be distressing / upsetting that...◆a painful / a traumatic / a distressing / an upsetting / a harrowing experience◆a painful / a traumatic / a distressing / a harrowing / an agonizing time◆a painful / distressing / harrowing scene◆a distressing / harrowing sight◆a painful / an agonizing decision◆rather painful / traumatic / distressing / pathetic / upsetting / harrowing◆very / extremely / deeply / particularly painful / distressing / upsetting■ painful making you feel upset or embarrassed 令人痛苦（或难过、难堪）的◆Seeing her again brought back painful memories.再次见到她唤起了令人痛苦的回忆。◆Their efforts were painful to watch.看他们这么辛苦真让人难过。  see also pain ⇨ distress noun ■ traumatic trɔːˈmætɪk; NAmE traʊˈmætɪk(especially of an experience) very unpleasant and making you feel very upset and/or anxious （尤指经历）极不愉快的，痛苦的◆a traumatic childhood不幸的童年◆Divorce can be traumatic for everyone involved.离婚对每个当事人来说都可能是痛苦的。   see also trauma ⇨ nightmare , traumatize ⇨ frighten ■ distressing dɪˈstresɪŋ making you feel very upset, especially because of sb's suffering （尤指遭遇）使人痛苦的，令人苦恼的◆The divorce was extremely distressing for the children.这桩离婚对孩子来说是极其痛苦的事。◆What could be more distressing than the death of their only child?有什么能比失去了他们唯一的孩子更痛苦呢？  see also distress ⇨ distress noun , distress ⇨ hurt verb 1 , distressed ⇨ upset ■ upsetting making you feel unhappy, anxious or annoyed 令人不快（或忧虑、苦恼）的◆I could see that it had been an upsetting experience for him.我看得出那对于他是个痛苦的经历。◆It's always upsetting to lose a patient.失去病人总是令人很难过。  see also upset ⇨ upset adj. , upset ⇨ hurt verb 1 ■ harrowing ˈhærəʊɪŋ; NAmE ˈhæroʊɪŋvery shocking or frightening and making you feel extremely upset 令人肠断的；恐怖惊悚的◆There were harrowing scenes at the airport as relatives heard news of the crash.亲属听到飞机失事的消息后，机场里一片令人伤心欲绝的情景。◆You've had a harrowing experience and a lucky escape.你的经历很恐怖，能逃出来真是运气。■ agonizing (BrE also agonising) ˈægənaɪzɪŋ causing great pain, anxiety or difficulty 令人十分痛苦的；使人焦虑的；带来巨大困难的◆his father's agonizing death他父亲极度痛苦的死◆It was the most agonizing decision of her young life.那是她年轻时最痛苦的决定。

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