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BNC: 155 COCA: 180

against

a·gainst /əˈɡenst, əˈɡeɪnst $ əˈɡenst/ ●●● S1 W1 prepositionprep  
1 
a) AGAINST/OPPOSEused to say that someone opposes or disagrees with something 反对
 Every council member voted against the proposal.
每位市政会委员都对该提案投了反对票。
 those who are campaigning against the new road
鼓动反对修筑新公路的人
 He advised me against travelling.
他建议我不要去旅行。
 Mr Howard has declared that he is against all forms of racism.
霍华德先生表明反对任何形式的种族主义。
 the fight against terrorism
反恐怖主义的斗争
b) AGAINST/OPPOSEused to say that an action is not wanted or approved of by someone 〔行为〕违背，与…相悖
 They got married against her parents’ wishes (=although they knew her parents did not want them to).
他们是违背她父母的意愿结婚的。
 She has been kept in the house against her will (=she does not want to stay in the house).
她被人强行关在屋子里。
 The use of certain drugs is against the law (=illegal).
施用某些药物是违法的。
 It’s against my principles to borrow money (=I do not believe it is right).
向人借钱违背我的原则。
c) used to say that something is not allowed by a law or rule 〔法律或法规〕禁止
 There ought to be a law against it.
应该有条法律来禁止这种事。
2  AGAINST somebody IN A GAMEused to say who someone is competing with or trying to defeat in a game, battle etc 和…比赛[打仗等]
 Gambotti was injured in last Saturday’s game against the Lions.
甘博蒂在上周六与雄狮队的比赛中受了伤。
 We’ll be competing against the best companies in Europe.
我们要和欧洲一些顶级的公司竞争。
3  AGAINST/OPPOSEused to say who is harmed, threatened, or given a disadvantage 对…造成伤害[威胁，不利]
 violence against elderly people
对老年人的暴力行为
 crimes against humanity
危害人类的罪行
 discrimination against women
对妇女的歧视
 There had been death threats against prison staff.
有人对监狱管理人员发出了死亡威胁。
 Your lack of experience could count against you.
缺乏经验可能对你不利。
 The regulations tend to work against smaller companies.
这些法规往往对较小的公司不利。
4  TOUCHused to say that something touches, hits, or rubs a surface 碰；撞
 the sound of the rain drumming against my window
雨点敲打我的窗户的声音
 The car skidded and we could hear the crunch of metal against metal.
汽车打滑了，我们听到了金属相碰的哐当声。
5  TOUCHnext to and touching an upright surface, especially for support 倚着，靠着
 There was a ladder propped up against the wall.
有一把梯子靠在墙边。
 The younger policeman was leaning against the bureau with his arms folded.
那位较年轻的警官两臂交叉，倚靠在办公桌旁。
6  OPPOSITE/FACEin the opposite direction to the movement or flow of something 逆 OPP with
7  BEHINDseen with something else behind or as a background 以…为背景；衬托
8  CONNECTED WITHused to show that you are considering particular events in relation to other events that are happening at the same time 在…情况下；在…背景下
9  COMPAREused to say what you are comparing something with 与…相比
10  PROTECTused to say who or what you are trying to protect someone or something from 防，抗
11  used to say who is said or shown to have done something wrong 表明[声称]…有错
12  be/come up against somebody/something PROBLEMto have to deal with a difficult opponent or problem 必须面对某人/某事
Examples from the Corpus
be/come up against somebody/something• The acts were not just reluctant to offend, but even to probe beyond the first middle-class convention they came up against.• And what do you do when to come up against a brick wall?• Here, Wade realized, he had come up against a few firm truths.• Together, they come up against an extraordinarily barbaric state bureaucracy and not a few disappointments.• What you have here is a situation where custom and convention comes up against constitutional guarantees.• In every direction he came up against his own incompleteness.• A ripple of crowd laughter came up against the breeze from the direction of the main grandstands.• At every turn workers found themselves coming up against the State.
13  have something against somebody/something DON'T LIKEto dislike or disapprove of someone or something 不喜欢[不赞成]某人/某事
Examples from the Corpus
have something against somebody/something• I have nothing against people making lots of money.
Examples from the Corpus
against• Only 3% of blacks were registered voters against 97% of the white residents.• I'm against all forms of hunting.• Everyone was against closing the factory.• I have trouble knowing what colors look good against each other.• I hate it when the cat rubs its head against my legs.• It's against my principles to borrow money.• Eating good food is good insurance against sickness.• The planning regulations tend to work against smaller companies.• He was injured in the game against the Cowboys.• It's so difficult swimming against the current.• The younger policeman was leaning against the desk.• There were 10 votes for and 15 against the motion.• We had to sail against the wind.• The rain drummed against the window.• This spray can be used against weevil and other crop pests.
against ... principles• I do not think that we should be against such moral principles.• It was against the Bush principles.• Now all she had to do was fool Felipe de Santis and go against all her principles.• To review all rules against the principles agreed and evaluate how they can be simplified.• It went against normal principles of materials suspended in liquid spreading randomly and as uniformly as possible.• He is adamant that any open manifestation of religious or cultural identity at school goes against the principles of secular state education.• C Measured against these principles, some aspects of the Pennsylvania informed-consent scheme are unconstitutional.• Other customers, strangers, sometimes offered to buy her drinks, but it was against her principles to accept them.
Origin against
(1300-1400) againes “against” ((11-16 centuries)), from again
a·gainst prepositionprep
Chinese
Syllable
Corpus
BNC: 155 COCA: 180
BNC: 155 COCA: 180
against prep.
⇨ against sb/sth
BNC: 155 COCA: 180

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