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TOEFL BNC: 1330 COCA: 1199

battle

Word family 
Related topics: Military
bat·tle1 /ˈbætl/ ●●● W2 noun [countableC]  
1  PMfight 打仗 a fight between opposing armies, groups of ships, groups of people etc, especially one that is part of a larger war 〔尤指大型战争中的〕战斗，战役
 the Battle of Trafalgar
特拉法尔加战役
in battle
 Her son was killed in battle.
她儿子在战斗中阵亡。
into battle
 a knight riding into battle
策马上战场的一名骑士
battle between
 battles between government forces and the rebels
政府军和叛军之间的战斗
 a pitched battle (=a long and serious battle) between police and drug gangs
警方和贩毒团伙之间的一场激战
► see thesaurus at war
2  competition/argument 竞争/争论COMPETE WITH/TRY TO BEAT a situation in which opposing groups or people compete or argue with each other when trying to achieve success or control 较量，竞争，斗争；争论
 a long-running legal battle
一场旷日持久的法律争讼
battle for
 a battle for custody of their children
子女监护权之争
battle between
 a fierce ratings battle between rival TV stations
相互竞争的电视台之间一场激烈的收视率大战
battle with
 an ongoing battle with my mother about eating properly
我和母亲有关合理饮食的持续争论
3  change bad situation 改变境遇FIGHT FOR OR AGAINST something an attempt to solve a difficult problem or change an unpleasant situation 奋斗，抗争
battle against
 a battle against the racism of the school system
一场反对学校种族歧视的斗争
battle with
 a long battle with lung cancer
与肺癌的长期抗争
battle for
 Scientology has fought long battles for acceptance as a religion.
科学论派为使人们承认它是一种宗教而进行了长期的斗争。
4  be half the battle DIFFICULTto be a difficult or important part of what you have to do 是（完成某事）的关键（最艰难阶段）
 Just getting an interview is half the battle.
只要得到面试机会就等于成功了一半。
Examples from the Corpus
be half the battle• And as the Reidys said, finding a family-friendly company is half the battle.• Just getting an interview is half the battle.• Getting Jeff to listen to me is half the battle.• Media mavens contend that the visual comparison of the two men side by side is half the battle.• Relishing the state is half the battle towards a good life, for everyone.
5  a battle of wits INTELLIGENTa situation in which opposing sides try to win by using their intelligence 智慧的较量，斗智
 A good mystery story is a battle of wits between author and reader.
好的悬疑故事是作者和读者之间智慧的较量。
6  battle of wills a situation in which opposing sides refuse to change what they want, in the hope that the other side will decide to change first 意志的较量
 a battle of wills between teacher and student
师生之间意志的较量
Examples from the Corpus
battle of wills• Instead I was getting myself into an increasingly confrontational situation, a battle of wills, with the Director of Coaching.• A battle of wills, no less, between pursuer and prey.• This follows whispers of an alleged battle of wills with manager Don Mackay.• After two days even the smallest decision could become an exhausting battle of wills.• A drawn-out battle of wills began, with my having to stone-wall both in London and on visits to Moscow.• The battle of wills between them forms the backbone of the story.• In fact, their battle of wills is escalating.
7  do battle (with somebody) FIGHT FOR OR AGAINST somethingto argue with someone or fight against someone （与某人）争论[斗争]
 She walked into the room with her eyes blazing, ready to do battle.
她眼里燃着怒火走进房间，一副随时准备吵架的样子。
Examples from the Corpus
do battle (with somebody)• I wanted them to get up on their hind legs and do battle.• On certain nights all the ghosts do battle and the distant echoes of their screams and war-cries are born on the wind.• And under the plate, among the spinning wheels, diamonds and rubies do battle against friction.• A chapter from Harrogate came down to do battle in Bedale.• Such doubts energized the smaller community of demographic revisionists, who emerged to do battle with their Malthusian brethren.• The citizens group said they are prepared to do battle with City Hall over the passage of the bill.• The 49ers at this time of the year reload and get ready to do battle.• The Sandinistas were forced into a temporary retreat but returned later with reinforcements to do battle in the streets.• The hero, a knight named Peter Loschy, went to do battle with the dragon.
8  fight your own battles to argue with someone, or compete in a difficult situation, without having help from other people – used to show approval 独力应付挑战〔含褒义〕
 It’s all right, Mum. I can fight my own battles.
没关系，妈妈，我自己能应付。
Examples from the Corpus
fight your own battles• We invaded Ireland and fought our own battles there.• Surely it is better for the townsfolk themselves to develop the necessary skills to fight their own battles?• She has a talent for playing modern women who must find the inner strength to fight their own battles.
9. the battle of the sexes RELATIONSHIPthe relationship between men and women when it is considered as a fight for power 两性的较量〔指争夺权力〕
Examples from the Corpus
the battle of the sexes• Plants do not escape the battle of the sexes.
10. the battle of the bulge the act of trying to lose weight – used humorously 反肥战，减肥之战〔幽默用法〕
Examples from the Corpus
the battle of the bulge• In 1944, the Battle of the Bulge was fought.• He was with Patton during the Battle of the Bulge.
 COLLOCATIONS – Meaning 3: an attempt to solve a difficult problem or change an unpleasant situation 奋斗，抗争
verbs
fight a battle (also wage a battle formal) 斗争，作战
The police are fighting a tough battle against crime.
警方正在和犯罪活动进行艰苦的斗争。
nMany areas around here are waging a constant battle against vandalism.
win a battle 打赢一场仗
It’s essential to win the battle against inflation.
必须打胜抑制通货膨胀这场战斗。
lose a battle 输掉一场仗
a brave little girl who lost her battle against cancer
没能战胜癌症的勇敢小女孩
nface a battle
Paul faces a frantic battle to be fit for the match in November.
adjectives
a long/lengthy battle 旷日持久的斗争
his long battle with alcoholism
他与酗酒所作的长期斗争
an uphill battle (=one that is very difficult) 艰苦的斗争
For most people losing weight is an uphill battle.
对大多数人而言，减肥是一场艰苦的斗争。
a tough/hard battle 艰难的斗争
He faces a tough battle to prove his innocence.
他为证明自己清白而面临一场艰难的斗争。
a constant battle 持续的战斗
As a student, life was a constant battle against debt.
学生时期的生活就是不停地应付债务。
a losing battle (=one that is going to fail) 无成功希望的斗争
She was fighting a losing battle to stop herself from crying.
她极力忍住不哭却只是徒劳。
Examples from the Corpus
battle• Growing in the most sinister manner, it is embedded in a battle scene taking place across the River Nile.• This was like a general who had lost a battle or some important territory being disciplined or shot.• a battle between rival gangs• It has implied that where ideological commitments are involved a distinction may be made between relatively easy gestures and hard administrative battles.• So the Task Force sped on toward its goal, every ship now tense and ready for battle.• Jellicoe and his battle fleet were still well to the north.• King Olaf died in battle, in 1030.• Lyndon Johnson first sent U.S. combat troops into battle in March 1965.• Now just kick the tyres, light the fires and leap off unarmed into battle.• a long and costly legal battle• Panting and snorting like a mad battle steed that has lost its rider, the masterless ocean overruns the globe.• a naval battle in the North Sea• About 200 students fought pitched battles with police during the demonstrations.• He was killed in a street battle in 1998.• She loved the chase and the battle and her freedom.• The French lost the Battle of Agincourt in 1415.• The President is fully committed to the battle against the drug traffickers.• They now have a good chance of winning the battle against violence and drugs in the community.• the Battle of the Somme• The battle against racial discrimination is not over.• the Battle of Bunker Hill
in battle• Sargent Merriman was killed in battle in 1943.
legal battle• Raines retained Abner Burnett of Midland, and the two squared off for a legal battle.• The agreement effectively ends a bitter legal battle in two states between Mrs Harriman and the heirs.• The developer, in turn, sued the city and Pilachowski, setting off a lengthy legal battle.• However, after a prolonged legal battle, Fleiss said she is ready to end her standoff with state authorities.• The legal battle has not ended.• The ruling came at the end of a five-year legal battle between a divorced couple that cost £840,000.• It's the latest stage in a nine-year legal battle over alleged building defects.
battle against• the battle against drug and alcohol abuse
Related topics: Military
battle2 ●○○ verb  
1  [intransitiveI, transitiveT]FIGHT FOR OR AGAINST something to try very hard to achieve something that is difficult or dangerous （与…）斗争，（与…）搏斗
2  battle it out COMPETE WITH/TRY TO BEATto keep fighting or opposing each other until one person or team wins 决一胜负
Examples from the Corpus
battle it out• Phil Gramm all battling it out for second-and third-place showings.• The Yankees and the Red Soxs are battling it out for the championship.• For the Sunday the pros would be on their own, battling it out for the first prize of £500,000.• They showed no sign of brotherly love as they battled it out for the runner-up spot before the record crowd.• This is why bodies exist, rather than separate replicators still battling it out in the primordial soup.• In Atlanta, 12 teams will be battling it out in two divisions.• From their earliest days they were battling it out - sometimes for the same parts.
3. [intransitiveI] literaryPMFIGHT to take part in a fight or war 参战，作战
Examples from the Corpus
battle• Lindsey found herself battling against an almost overwhelming and totally illogical desire to run her fingers through its neatness.• Detectives are convinced 30-year-old Elizabeth battled bravely for her life and tried to escape by fleeing in her boyfriend's four-wheel-drive truck.• Starring newcomer Johnny Depp, it was about four young cops who battled high school crime.• Fighting between the Mujahideen has taken as much effort as battling the demoralised government forces.• Now Haley is also battling the flu.
battle against/with• In this play, the king and his army do battle with a larger force representing ambitious elements in the church.• You control our heroine Jill as she battles with different creatures in her search for weapons, gems and health giving food.• Minorities must still battle against discrimination.• Independence and transcending childhood require personality development, not becoming better at a particular task, or doing battle with external difficulties.• If he had drunk from it, the wounds received in his last dreadful battle against his nephew Mordred would have healed.• After a long battle with the local council, she was finally taken to court and fined £800.• The City bought the property under eminent domain proceedings after a protracted battle with the owner.• The Mullahs nest great battle with the Shah came over his White Revolution in the early 1960's.• The police did not only employ the law of criminal procedure in their tactical battle against the striking miners.
Origin battle1
(1200-1300) Old French bataille, from Late Latin battalia “fighting”, from Latin battuere “to hit”
bat·tle1 noun →COLLOCATIONS1battle2 verb
LDOCE Online
Chinese
Syllable
Corpus
TOEFL BNC: 1330 COCA: 1199
battle

noun¹

 1between armies戰鬥ADJECTIVE | VERB + BATTLE | BATTLE + VERB | PREPOSITION ADJECTIVE➤bloody, fierce血戰；激戰▸➤intense, pitched激戰◇The two armies fought a pitched battle on the plain.兩支軍隊在平原上展開激戰。➤climactic, decisive, final最精彩的戰鬥；決定性的戰鬥；最後的決戰◇Iwo Jima was for many the climactic battle of World War II.對許多人來說硫磺島之戰是二戰的高潮之戰。➤epic, famous, great, historic, important, major艱苦卓絕的／著名的／偉大的／具有歷史意義的／重要的／主要的戰役▸➤land, naval, sea陸戰；海戰➤coming, upcoming (NAmE) 即將來臨的戰鬥◇The squadron was getting ready for the coming battle.中隊正在為即將到來的戰役做好準備。VERB + BATTLE➤fight作戰▸➤win打勝仗▸➤lose打敗仗▸➤do, enter, give, go into, join, wage作戰；參戰；發起戰鬥◇Charles V refused to give battle.查理五世拒絕開戰。◇The two armies joined battle.兩軍交戰。➤send sb into派某人參戰◇Many young men were sent into battle without proper training.很多年輕人沒有受過正規訓練就被送上了戰場。➤survive在戰鬥中幸存BATTLE + VERB➤begin, ensue, take place戰鬥開始；戰鬥打響▸➤rage戰鬥激烈進行▸➤continue, unfold戰鬥持續／展開◇The leaders anxiously watched the battle unfold.領袖們焦急地關注着戰役逐步展開。➤be over, end戰鬥結束PREPOSITION➤at a/the battle在戰役中◇Napoleon was defeated at the Battle of Waterloo.拿破侖在滑鐵盧戰役中被擊敗了。➤in (a/the) battle在戰鬥中◇He died in battle.他陣亡了。
battle

noun²

 2violent fight between two groups暴力衝突ADJECTIVE | VERB + BATTLE | BATTLE + VERB | PREPOSITION ADJECTIVE➤fierce猛烈的衝突▸➤pitched激烈的衝突▸➤running持續的衝突▸➤gun槍戰➤turf (especially NAmE) 地盤之爭◇A turf battle among competing drug cartels has claimed several lives.販毒團夥之間爭搶地盤使得好幾人喪生。VERB + BATTLE➤fight打鬥BATTLE + VERB➤erupt衝突爆發PREPOSITION➤battle against和⋯進行的衝突◇Police fought a pitched battle against demonstrators.警方和示威者展開了激戰。➤battle between⋯之間的戰鬥◇a gun battle between police and drug smugglers警察和毒販之間的槍戰➤battle with與⋯的衝突◇Scores of people have been hurt in running battles with police.很多人在與警方的持續衝突中受傷。
battle

noun³

 3struggle鬥爭ADJECTIVE | VERB + BATTLE | BATTLE + VERB | PREPOSITION | PHRASES ADJECTIVE➤bitter, fierce, heated, intense, tough激烈的／猛烈的／白熱化的／劇烈的／頑強的鬥爭◇a heated battle between the oil industry and environmentalists石油業和環保主義者之間的激烈鬥爭➤real真正的鬥爭◇There's now a real battle at the top of the First Division.現在甲級隊前幾名之間要有一番龍爭虎鬥。➤constant, continuing, epic, long, long-running, ongoing, prolonged, running不斷的／連續的／史詩般的／長期的／漫長的／進行中的／拖長的／持續的鬥爭◇The college president fought a running battle with the editors of the student newspaper.大學校長與學生報編輯們進行了曠日持久的較量。➤coming, upcoming (NAmE) 即將到來的鬥爭◇The upcoming political battle could be for the allegiance of the young.下一場政治較量有可能是為了爭奪年輕人的擁護。➤losing, uphill必敗的鬥爭；艱苦的鬥爭◇We seem to be fighting a losing battle.我們似乎在進行一場注定要失敗的戰鬥。➤successful成功的鬥爭▸➤court, custody, legal法庭鬥爭；監護權之爭；法律鬥爭VERB + BATTLE➤do, engage in, fight進行鬥爭◇Are you prepared to do battle with your insurance company over the claim?你準備跟保險公司就索賠問題進行鬥爭嗎？➤be engaged in作鬥爭▸➤face面臨鬥爭▸➤win贏得鬥爭▸➤lose鬥爭失敗➤end結束鬥爭◇She saw a way to end the prolonged legal battle.她想到了一個解決這場曠日持久的法律糾紛的方法。BATTLE + VERB➤rage鬥爭激烈進行◇A policy battle is raging in Washington.華盛頓在進行一場激烈的政策之爭。➤begin, ensue鬥爭開始／接踵而至◇A ten-month legal battle ensued.一場長達 10 個月的法律鬥爭由此產生。➤be brewing, be looming, loom鬥爭在醞釀／在迫近／逼近◇A battle is brewing between ecologists and big business.一場鬥爭在生態學家與大企業之間醞釀。➤be over, end鬥爭結束PREPOSITION➤battle against抵抗⋯的鬥爭◇his long battle against cancer他和癌症的長期鬥爭➤battle between⋯之間的鬥爭◇a fierce battle between developers and the local community開發商和當地社區居民之間的激烈衝突➤battle for爭取⋯的鬥爭◇the battle for human rights爭取人權的鬥爭➤battle over關於⋯的鬥爭◇The government now faces a new battle over tax increases.政府在增稅問題上正面臨一場新的鬥爭。➤battle with與⋯的鬥爭◇They are engaged in a long-running legal battle with their competitors.他們正與競爭對手進行一場持久的法律爭訴。PHRASES➤a battle of ideas, a battle of words思想交鋒；舌戰▸➤a battle of wills, a battle of wits意志的／智慧的較量➤a battle royal (= a major battle in which all available forces take part) 大戰▸➤fight your own battles為自己打拚◇My parents believed in leaving me to fight my own battles.我父母認為應該讓我自己去打拚。➤pick your battles (= decide which things are worth fighting or disagreeing about) 有選擇地戰鬥◇As a parent, you have to pick your battles.作為父母，你必須決定哪些事值得一搏。
battle

verb

ADVERB | PREPOSITION | PHRASES ADVERB➤ferociously, fiercely, hard奮力／激烈／努力拼搏▸➤bravely, gamely, valiantly勇敢戰鬥◇The child battled bravely for her life.這個小女孩為了活下去而勇敢地抗爭。➤in vain, unsuccessfully徒勞地鬥爭◇Doctors battled in vain to save his life.醫生們奮力挽救他的生命，但沒有成功。➤constantly持續鬥爭▸➤away鬥爭下去◇We'll keep battling away and hope that the goals start to come.我們將不斷地鬥爭，希望能接近目標。PREPOSITION➤against抵抗⋯◇Rescuers battled against torrential rain and high winds.救援人員奮力抵禦急風暴雨。➤for為爭取⋯而鬥爭◇factions battling for control of the party為爭奪黨的控制權而進行鬥爭的派別➤over就⋯而鬥爭◇Residents are battling over plans for a new airport runway.居民正就建設一條新的機場跑道的計劃而鬥爭。➤through在⋯中奮鬥◇We battled through the snowstorm.我們在暴風雪中掙扎。➤with與⋯鬥爭◇Riot police battled with 4 000 students.防暴警察與 4,000 名學生展開了一場搏鬥。◇He battled with cancer for many months.他與癌症鬥爭了好多個月。PHRASES➤battle it out決一勝負◇Competitors battled it out against the clock.參賽選手為了奪取勝利而爭分奪秒。➤battle your way艱難地走◇He battled his way to the bar.他費力地走向吧台。
TOEFL BNC: 1330 COCA: 1199
battle verb
⇨ competebattle noun
⇨ campaign (a legal battle) ⇨ war (killed in battle)
TOEFL BNC: 1330 COCA: 1199

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