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IELTS BNC: 1074 COCA: 1522

damage

Word family
dam·age1 /ˈdæmɪdʒ/ ●●● S3 W2 noun  
1 physical harm 对物体或身体的损害DAMAGE [uncountableU] physical harm that is done to something or to a part of someone’s body, so that it is broken or injured 破损,损害,损伤
damage to
 damage to property
财产损失
 These chemicals have been found to cause serious environmental damage.
经发现,这些化学物质会造成严重的环境破坏。
 There may be permanent brain damage.
可能有永久性脑损伤。
 His eyesight suffered irreparable damage.
他的视力受到了无法修复的损伤。
5  See picture of chipped 有缺口的, dented 有凹痕的, smashed 被打碎的 ...
2 emotional harm 情感上的伤害HARM/BE BAD FOR [uncountableU] harm caused to someone’s emotions or mind 伤害
 The death of a parent can cause long-lasting psychological damage.
丧父或丧母可能会给子女造成长久的心理创伤。
3 bad effect 不良影响HARM/BE BAD FORSPOIL [uncountableU] a bad effect on something 不良影响,损害
damage to
 The damage to his reputation was considerable.
他的名誉受到很大的损害。
 The closure of the factory will cause severe damage to the local economy.
关闭这家工厂会严重影响当地的经济。
damage limitation/control
 the attempts at political damage control during the scandal
丑闻期间控制政治上不良影响的努力
4 damages [plural]SCL law money that a court orders someone to pay to someone else as a punishment for harming them or their property 损害赔偿金 compensation
 The court awarded him £15,000 in damages.
法院判给他1.5万英镑的损害赔偿金。
Examples from the Corpus
5 the damage is done TIME4#used to say that something bad has happened which makes it impossible to go back to the way things were before it happened 已造成的伤害无法挽回,木已成舟
 She immediately apologized, but the damage was done.
她立即道歉,但伤害已无法挽回。
Examples from the Corpus
6. what’s the damage? spokenCOST used humorously to ask how much you have to pay for something 要多少钱?〔幽默用法〕
COLLOCATIONS
verbs
do damage 造成损害
Too much sun can do severe damage to your skin.
过度日晒会对皮肤造成严重损伤。
cause damage 造成破坏
We surveyed the damage caused by the bomb.
我们调查了此次炸弹爆炸造成的破坏情况。
suffer/sustain damage formal 遭受损伤
She has suffered damage to her hearing.
她听力受损。
repair the damage 弥补损失
The cost of repairing the damage could be around £300 million.
弥补损失的花费可能在三亿英镑左右。
prevent/avoid damage 防止/避免损害
Young trees need protecting to prevent damage from the wind.
小树需要加以保护,防止风害。
ADJECTIVES/NOUN + damage
serious/severe 严重的
The earthquake caused severe damage to a number of buildings.
地震对一些建筑物造成了严重破坏。
extensive/widespread (=covering a large area) 大面积的
Because of the size of the bomb, the damage was extensive.
炸弹的体积很大,因此造成了大面积的破坏。
permanent/irreparable/irreversible damage (=that cannot be repaired) 永久性的/不可修复的/不可逆转的损害
By smoking for so long, she may have suffered irreversible damage to her health.
她有这么长的吸烟史,可能已经对身体造成了不可逆转的损害。
minor damage 微小的损害
Fortunately, the fire caused only minor damage.
所幸火灾仅造成轻微损失。
physical damage 身体损害
There is considerable evidence that the drug can cause physical damage.
有相当多的证据表明,这种药会对人体造成伤害。
structural damage (=to the structure of a building) 结构破坏
The building was checked for structural damage.
对这栋建筑进行了检查以探明结构破坏情况。
environmental damage 环境破坏
The programme will concentrate on reducing environmental damage and pollution.
这项计划将把重点放在减少环境破坏和污染上。
fire/storm/flood etc damage (=caused by fire, storm, flood etc) 火灾/暴风雨/水灾等造成的损失
The campsite suffered extensive flood damage.
营地遭到了洪水的大面积破坏。
brain/liver/nerve etc damage //神经等损伤
If you drink a lot of alcohol it can cause liver damage.
酗酒会引起肝损伤。
accidental damage (=caused by an accident) 意外损伤
nThe insurance covers you for accidental damage to your possessions while you are on holiday.
criminal damage (=caused by someone committing a crime) 刑事损害
nThe boy was charged with criminal damage after setting fire to his girlfriend’s house.
Examples from the Corpus
damage2 ●●● S3 W3 verb [transitiveT]  
1 DAMAGEINJUREto cause physical harm to something or to part of someone’s body 损害,损坏,损伤〔某物或某人的身体〕
 insects that damage crops
破坏庄稼的昆虫
badly/severely/seriously damage
 Smoking can severely damage your health.
吸烟会严重损害健康。
see thesaurus at harm
2 HARM/BE BAD FORto have a bad effect on something or someone in a way that makes them weaker or less successful 对〔某物或某人〕有不良影响
 The changes in share values have damaged investor confidence.
股价波动削弱了投资者的信心。
THESAURUS
damage to cause physical harm to something or someone, or have a bad effect on them 伤害;损害
Several buildings were damaged by the earthquake.
几幢建筑受到地震破坏。
nThe other car wasn’t damaged.
The scandal could damage his career.
这起丑闻可能影响他的事业。
harm to have a bad effect on something 损害
They use chemicals that will harm the environment.
他们使用危害环境的化学物质。
The oil crisis could harm the economy.
石油危机可能令经济受损。
spoil to have a bad effect on something and make it less successful, enjoyable, useful etc 破坏,糟蹋
We didn’t let the rain spoil our holiday.
我们没让雨天搅了假期。
Local people say the new buildings will spoil the view.
当地居民称新建筑会破坏景观。
vandalize to deliberately damage buildings, vehicles, or public property 故意破坏〔建筑物、交通工具或公共财产〕
All the public telephones in the area had been vandalized.
这个地区的公用电话全部被人破坏了。
sabotage /ˈsæbətɑːʒ/ to secretly damage machines or equipment so that they cannot be used, especially in order to harm an enemy 〔尤为打击敌人〕暗中破坏
There is evidence that the airplane was sabotaged.
有证据表明飞机遭人为破坏。
tamper with something to deliberately and illegally damage or change a part of something in order to prevent it from working properly 在某物上做手脚
The car’s brakes had been tampered with.
这辆车的车被人动了手脚。
desecrate to damage a church or other holy place 亵渎,玷污〔教堂或其他宗教场所〕
The church had been desecrated by vandals.
教堂遭到故意破坏者的亵渎。
deface /dɪˈfeɪs/ to deliberately spoil the appearance of something by writing on it, spraying paint on it etc 污损〔外观〕
Someone had defaced the statue and painted it bright orange.
有人污损雕像,将它漆成了亮橙色。
Examples from the Corpus
From Longman Business Dictionary
damagedam·age1 /ˈdæmɪdʒ/ noun
1[uncountableU] a bad effect on something that makes it weaker or less successful
damage to
The result of this policy will be severe damage to the British economy.
2[uncountableU] physical harm caused to something
a fire which caused hundreds of pounds’ worth of damage to property
3flood/storm/wind etc damageINSURANCE damage caused by a flood, storm etc
The shop suffered severe smoke damage.
apparent damage
4damages [plural]LAW money that a court orders someone to pay to someone else for harming them or their property, or causing them financial loss
The group is facing claims for damages after supplying faulty goods.
They are being sued for damages by clients who had been advised to invest in an insurance company that went bankrupt.
A federal jury awarded damages for breach of contract.
actual damages additional damages civil damages compensatory damages consequential damages exemplary damages incidental damages liquidated damages money damages nominal damages non-economic damages punitive damages treble damages unspecified damages
damagedamage2 verb [transitiveT]
1to cause physical harm to something
Be careful not to damage the timer mechanism.
goods damaged in transit
2to have a bad effect on something in a way that makes it weaker or less successful
Taylor felt her reputation had been damaged by the newspaper article.
Origin damage1
(1200-1300) Old French dam damage, from Latin damnum; → DAMN4
IELTS BNC: 1074 COCA: 1522
damage

noun¹

1harm/injury危害;損傷ADJECTIVE | VERB + DAMAGE | DAMAGE + VERB | DAMAGE + NOUN | PREPOSITION | PHRASES ADJECTIVEconsiderable, enormous, great, heavy, massive, serious, severe, significant, substantial, untold重大的損害;嚴重的損害;不可估量的損害The power plant will cause untold damage to the local environment.電站將會對當地環境造成不可估量的損害。minimal, minor, slight最小的/較小的/輕微的損害extensive, widespread大範圍的破壞;大面積的損害irreparable, irreversible, lasting, long-term, permanent不可彌補的/無法挽回的/持久的/長期的/永久的損害The incident did permanent damage to relations between the two countries.這起事件對兩國關係造成了永久的損害。potential潛在的損害criminal, malicious, wilful (all BrE, law法律) 刑事損害;蓄意損毀He was prosecuted for criminal damage to a vehicle.他被控對汽車存在刑事損害。accidental意外損害The insurance policy covers the building for accidental damage.這份保單承保這座建築的意外毀損。emotional, environmental, mechanical, physical, psychological, structural感情傷害;環境破壞;機械損傷;身體傷害;精神傷害;結構損壞brain, liver, nerve, etc.腦部、肝臟、神經等損傷She suffered serious brain damage at birth.她出生時腦部嚴重損傷。property財產損失collateral附帶傷害VERB + DAMAGEcause, do, inflict引起損害;造成損傷;加以傷害The earthquake caused widespread damage to property.地震造成了大範圍的財產損失。They inflicted severe psychological damage on their opponents.他們給對手造成了極大的心理傷害。suffer, sustain遭受破壞;蒙受損失repair彌補損失pay for賠償損失assess評估損失avoid, prevent避免/防止損失limit, minimize, reduce限制/最大限度減少/減少損失DAMAGE + VERBoccur, result損失發生/產生DAMAGE + NOUNassessment, report損失評估/報告control, limitation (especially BrE) 損失控制/限制Serious damage control was needed after the information was leaked to the papers.信息泄露給報界後,需要採取嚴格的損失控制措施。The attempt at stopping the floods turned into a damage-limitation exercise.阻止洪水的奮戰變成了一場盡可能控制損失的演練。PREPOSITIONdamage by由⋯引起的損害The building suffered extensive damage by fire in 1925.這座建築在 1925 年因火災遭到了大面積的損毀。damage from來自⋯的傷害Crops are sprayed with chemicals to prevent damage from insects.莊稼噴上了農藥預防蟲害。damage to對⋯的破壞lasting damage to the environment對環境的持久破壞PHRASESthe cost of the damage損失的代價The cost of the damage is estimated at around $2 billion.損失估計約有 20 億美元。the damage is done事已至此(已無法挽回)Don't try to apologize-the damage is done.別道歉了 - 已於事無補了。the extent of the damage損害的程度At the moment it is difficult to assess the extent of the damage.損毀程度目前還很難估計。
damage

noun²

2damages money you can claim from sb損害賠償金ADJECTIVE | VERB + DAMAGES | DAMAGES + NOUN | PREPOSITION | PHRASES ADJECTIVEcivil民事賠償金substantial巨額賠償金punitive懲罰性損害賠償金VERB + DAMAGESincur, suffer引發/遭受損害賠償damages incurred by the unfairly sacked workers不公平解雇工人引發的損害賠償claim, seek, sue (sb) for索賠;尋求賠償;起訴(某人)要求賠償He decided to sue the company for damages.他決定起訴這家公司要求賠償損失。assess確定賠償額The court will assess the damages.法庭將會評定損失賠償額。award (sb)判給(某人)損害賠償金pay (sb)賠償(某人)損失obtain, receive, recover, win獲得損害賠償金;收到損害賠償金be liable for, be liable in (BrE, both law法律) 有責任賠償損失If goods are lost in transit, the carrier will be liable for damages.貨物若在運輸途中丟失,承運人有責任賠償。DAMAGES + NOUNaction, claim損害賠償訴訟;索賠A woman is to bring a civil damages claim against the two men.一名女子要對這兩名男子提起民事賠償訴訟。award損害賠償金裁決PREPOSITIONin damage以賠償金形式They are claiming $5 million in damages.他們索賠 500 萬美元損失費。damage for為⋯的賠償He received damages for personal injury.他拿到了人身傷害賠償金。damage of⋯的賠償金She was awarded damages of £90 000.她得到 9 萬英鎊的賠償金。PHRASESan action for damages, a claim for damages索賠訴訟;索賠The judge upheld her claim for damages against her former employer.法官支持她向以前的雇主索賠。
damage

verb

ADVERBbadly, heavily, seriously, severely嚴重破壞The building was badly damaged by fire.這座建築遭到大火嚴重破壞。slightly輕微破壞irreparably, permanently不可彌補地破壞;永久性地破壞She may have damaged her health irreparably.她可能已經對自己的健康造成了不可彌補的傷害。
IELTS BNC: 1074 COCA: 1522
damage

noun

damage ♦︎ harm ♦︎ detrimentThese are all words for the bad effects on sb/sth of an accident, crime, disease or other unfortunate event. 这些词均表示不幸事件造成的伤害、损害。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配damage / harm / detriment to sthdamage / harm from sthgreat / serious / severe / lasting / long-term / environmental damage / harm / detrimentreal / irreparable / permanent / physical / bodily / personal / emotional / psychological damage / harmto cause / do / inflict / suffer / escape / prevent damage / harmdamage / harm results from sth damage [uncountable] the fact of sth being broken or spoiled, or the pain or suffering felt by sb, as a result of an accident, crime, disease or other unfortunate event 破坏;损害;伤害The earthquake caused damage to property estimated at $60 million.估计地震造成6 000万元的财产损失。We assessed the storm damage.我们估算了暴风雨所造成的损失。He was hit by a car and suffered severe brain damage.他被汽车撞了,脑部严重受伤。I insist on paying for the damage.我坚持要赔偿损失。I'm going-I've done enough damage here already.我走了,我在这里造成的损害已经够多了。 see also damaging harmful harm [uncountable] damage or suffering caused to sb/sth 伤害;损害The accident could have been worse; luckily no harm was done.这次事故本来可能糟糕得多,所幸没有造成损伤。The treatment they gave him did him more harm than good.他们的治疗反而使他病情加重了。Hard work never did anyone any harm.努力工作对任何人都绝无害处。He may look fierce, but he means no harm.他也许看上去很凶,但并无恶意。Don't worry, we'll see that the children come to no harm.别担心,我们会保证孩子们安然无恙。I prefer the children to play in the garden where they're out of harm's way.我比较喜欢让孩子在花园里玩耍,因为那里安全。 see also harmful harmful NOTE 辨析 Damage or harm?Use damage to talk about the effects of storms, floods, fire, etc. on buildings and other objects. 表示暴风雨、洪水、火灾等给建筑物或其他物体造成的破坏用damagestorm / flood / fire / smoke / bomb / structural damage暴风雨/洪水破坏;火灾损失;烟雾熏坏;炸弹毁坏;结构破坏Use damage to talk about the physical state of unhealthy organs in the body. 表示体内器官受损用damageliver / kidney / lung / brain damage肝/肾/肺/脑损伤Use damage or harm to talk about mental or emotional suffering. 表示精神或感情上受伤害用damage或harmemotional / psychological / social damage / harm感情/心理/社会伤害Use harm in a number of fixed phrases (see above) to express opinions about what or who may cause harm, or whether harm has been caused. * harm用于一些固定短语(如上),表达认为什么(或谁)可能造成伤害,或是否已经造成伤害。 detriment ˈdetrɪmənt [uncountable, countable, usually singular] (formal) the act of causing harm or damage; sth that causes harm or damage 伤害;损害;造成伤害(或损害)的事物Wood accounts for 90% of energy production in some countries, with consequent environmental detriment.有些国家90%的能源产自木材,因而给环境造成了破坏。He was engrossed in the job to the detriment of his health.他全力投入工作,结果损害了健康。The tax cannot be introduced without detriment to people's living standards.征收该税势必会影响到大众的生活水平。 see also detrimental harmful damage

verb

damage ♦︎ hurt ♦︎ harm ♦︎ impair ♦︎ compromiseThese words all mean to have a bad effect on sb/sth. 这些词均表示伤害或损害某人或某事物。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配to damage / hurt / harm / impair / compromise sb's chancesto damage / hurt / harm / compromise sb's reputationto damage / hurt / harm sb's interests / imageto damage / harm / impair / compromise sb's healthto seriously damage / hurt / harm / impair / compromise sb / sthto greatly damage / hurt / harm / impair sb / sthto severely / badly damage / hurt / impair sb / sth damage [transitive] to cause physical harm to sth, making it less attractive, useful or valuable; to have a bad effect on sb/sth's life, health, happiness or chances of success 破坏;毁坏;损害;伤害Several vehicles were damaged in the crash.数辆汽车在撞车事故中损毁了。Smoking seriously damages your health.吸烟严重损害健康。The allegations are likely to damage his political career.这些指控很可能损害他的政治生涯。He works with emotionally damaged children.他的工作是帮助有情感创伤的儿童。 see also damaging harmful hurt (hurt, hurt) [transitive] (rather informal) to have a bad effect on sb/sth's life, health, happiness or chances of success 损害;伤害;打击Many people on low incomes will be hurt by the government's plans.很多低收入者将会受到政府这些方案的打击。Hard work never hurt anyone.努力工作对任何人都绝无害处。High interest rates are hurting the local economy.高利率正在损害本地经济。 harm [transitive] to hurt sb/sth 伤害;损害Pollution can harm marine life.污染会危及海洋生物。These revelations will harm her chances of winning the election.这些揭露的事实将削弱她在选举中的胜算。 see also harmful harmful NOTE 辨析 Damage, hurt or harm? Hurt is slightly less formal than damage or harm, especially when it is used in negative statements. 与damage或harm相比,hurt稍显非正式,特别是用于否定陈述时It won't hurt him to have to wait a bit.等一小会儿对他不会有什么损害。These prices won't hurt your wallet.这些价格不会令你的荷包大出血。It won't damage/harm him to have to wait a bit. These prices won't damage/harm your wallet. Harm is also often used to talk about ways in which things in the natural world such as birds, animals, wildlife and the environment are affected by human activity; people also talk about how an action may harm an unborn child/baby or a foetus. * harm后常接bird、animal、wildlife和environment等词,表示人类活动对自然界中生物和环境的影响;也可接unborn child/baby或foetus等词,表示某种行为危害胎儿。 impair ɪmˈpeə(r); NAmE ɪmˈper [transitive] (rather formal) to damage sb's health, abilities or chances 损害;削弱There are a number of factors which can directly impair memory.有一些因素会直接损害记忆力。Even one drink can impair driving performance.即使喝一杯酒也足以影响驾驶操作。OPP improve improve 1 impaired

adjective

(used in compounds 用于复合词) the problems faced by people who are visually / hearing impaired视力/听力受损的人所面临的问题
compromise ˈkɒmprəmaɪz; NAmE ˈkɑːmprəmaɪz [transitive] to bring sb/sth/yourself into danger or under suspicion, especially by acting in a way that is not very sensible (尤指因行为不很明智)使陷入危险,使受到怀疑She has already compromised herself by accepting his invitation.她接受他的邀请,已经使她的声誉受到损害。Defeat at this stage would compromise their chances of reaching the finals of the competition.在这个阶段受挫会让他们进入决赛的机会变少。
IELTS BNC: 1074 COCA: 1522
damage
Destruction and damage: damage, destruction, harm...
Psychological processes: catharsis, complex, conditioning...
Faults: fault, defect, weakness...
To damage or spoil something: damage, spoil, mark...

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